Do the chromosomes of the kiwi provide evidence for a monophyletic origin of the ratites?

abstract：:The electronic properties of heterostructures of atomically thin van der Waals crystals can be modified substantially by moiré superlattice potentials from an interlayer twist between crystals1,2. Moiré tuning of the band structure has led to the recent discovery of superconductivity3,4 and correlated insulating phase...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kerelsky A,McGilly LJ,Kennes DM,Xian L,Yankowitz M,Chen S,Watanabe K,Taniguchi T,Hone J,Dean C,Rubio A,Pasupathy AN

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram negative bacteria is a well-known inducer of the innate immune response. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and myeloid differentiation factor 2 (MD-2) form a heterodimer that recognizes a common 'pattern' in structurally diverse LPS molecules. To understand the ligand specificity and rece...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Park BS,Song DH,Kim HM,Choi BS,Lee H,Lee JO

更新日期：2009-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Most tetrapods have retained terrestrial locomotion since it evolved in the Palaeozoic era, but bats have become so specialized for flight that they have almost lost the ability to manoeuvre on land at all. Vampire bats, which sneak up on their prey along the ground, are an important exception. Here we show that commo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Riskin DK,Hermanson JW

更新日期：2005-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:A paramutation is an epigenetic interaction between two alleles of a locus, through which one allele induces a heritable modification in the other allele without modifying the DNA sequence. The paramutated allele itself becomes paramutagenic, that is, capable of epigenetically converting a new paramutable allele. Here...

journal_title：Nature

authors： de Vanssay A,Bougé AL,Boivin A,Hermant C,Teysset L,Delmarre V,Antoniewski C,Ronsseray S

更新日期：2012-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Microtubule-based ATPases of the kinesin superfamily provide the motile force for many animated features of living cells. Kinesin motors differ in their direction of movement along microtubules. Kinesin and ncd, a kinesin-related motor involved in formation and maintenance of mitotic and meiotic spindles, move in oppo...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sablin EP,Kull FJ,Cooke R,Vale RD,Fletterick RJ

更新日期：1996-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The best spectrographs are limited in stability by their calibration light source. Laser frequency combs are the ideal calibrators for astronomical spectrographs. They emit a spectrum of lines that are equally spaced in frequency and that are as accurate and stable as the atomic clock relative to which the comb is sta...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wilken T,Curto GL,Probst RA,Steinmetz T,Manescau A,Pasquini L,González Hernández JI,Rebolo R,Hänsch TW,Udem T,Holzwarth R

更新日期：2012-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and its neuron-specific regulator p35 are essential for neuronal migration and for the laminar configuration of the cerebral cortex. In addition, p35/Cdk5 kinase concentrates at the leading edges of axonal growth cones and regulates neurite outgrowth in cortical neurons in culture. The...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nikolic M,Chou MM,Lu W,Mayer BJ,Tsai LH

更新日期：1998-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Helminth parasitic infections are a major global health and social burden. The host defence against helminths such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is orchestrated by type 2 cell-mediated immunity. Induction of type 2 cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-4 and IL-13, induce goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus produ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gerbe F,Sidot E,Smyth DJ,Ohmoto M,Matsumoto I,Dardalhon V,Cesses P,Garnier L,Pouzolles M,Brulin B,Bruschi M,Harcus Y,Zimmermann VS,Taylor N,Maizels RM,Jay P

更新日期：2016-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Contact inhibition of locomotion was discovered by Abercrombie more than 50 years ago and describes the behaviour of fibroblast cells confronting each other in vitro, where they retract their protrusions and change direction on contact. Its failure was suggested to contribute to malignant invasion. However, the molecu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carmona-Fontaine C,Matthews HK,Kuriyama S,Moreno M,Dunn GA,Parsons M,Stern CD,Mayor R

更新日期：2008-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A combination of biochemistry in animal cell-free systems and genetics in yeast is revealing the molecular machinery of the secretory pathway of eukaryotes. Transporting vesicles have a simple coat structure and employ a general mechanism for fusion that is conserved in evolution. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rothman JE,Orci L

更新日期：1992-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The type I interferon (IFN) response protects cells from viral infection by inducing hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), some of which encode direct antiviral effectors. Recent screening studies have begun to catalogue ISGs with antiviral activity against several RNA and DNA viruses. However, antiviral ISG...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schoggins JW,MacDuff DA,Imanaka N,Gainey MD,Shrestha B,Eitson JL,Mar KB,Richardson RB,Ratushny AV,Litvak V,Dabelic R,Manicassamy B,Aitchison JD,Aderem A,Elliott RM,García-Sastre A,Racaniello V,Snijder EJ,Yokoyama WM,

更新日期：2014-01-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The signature of Dansgaard-Oeschger events--millennial-scale abrupt climate oscillations during the last glacial period--is well established in ice cores and marine records. But the effects of such events in continental settings are not as clear, and their absolute chronology is uncertain beyond the limit of (14)C dat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Genty D,Blamart D,Ouahdi R,Gilmour M,Baker A,Jouzel J,Van-Exter S

更新日期：2003-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:UV light is a potent mutagen in most living cells, but molecular analysis of its mode of action in animal cells has not been possible because of the high complexity of the cell genome. Therefore, we have used simian virus 40 (SV40) as a biological probe to study the mutagenic effect of UV-irradiation at the molecular ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bourre F,Sarasin A

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:State-of-the-art optical clocks1 achieve precisions of 10-18 or better using ensembles of atoms in optical lattices2,3 or individual ions in radio-frequency traps4,5. Promising candidates for use in atomic clocks are highly charged ions6 (HCIs) and nuclear transitions7, which are largely insensitive to external pertur...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schüssler RX,Bekker H,Braß M,Cakir H,Crespo López-Urrutia JR,Door M,Filianin P,Harman Z,Haverkort MW,Huang WJ,Indelicato P,Keitel CH,König CM,Kromer K,Müller M,Novikov YN,Rischka A,Schweiger C,Sturm S,Ulmer S,Elis

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thermodynamics predicts that transmembrane voltage modulates membrane tension and that this will cause movement. The magnitude and polarity of movement is governed by cell stiffness and surface potentials. Here we confirm these predictions using the atomic force microscope to dynamically follow the movement of voltage...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang PC,Keleshian AM,Sachs F

更新日期：2001-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:A high degree of polymorphism for the length and copy number of rDNA spacers, in both the X and Y chromosome clusters, has been found in a wild population of Drosophila melanogaster. The genetic behaviour of rDNA structural variants in separate and mixed populations derived from isofemale lines suggest that they are n...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Coen ES,Thoday JM,Dover G

更新日期：1982-02-18 00:00:00

abstract：:A fascinating question in biology is how molecular changes in developmental pathways lead to macroevolutionary changes in morphology. Mutations in homeotic (Hox) genes have long been suggested as potential causes of morphological evolution, and there is abundant evidence that some changes in Hox expression patterns co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ronshaugen M,McGinnis N,McGinnis W

更新日期：2002-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Locomotion relies on neural networks called central pattern generators (CPGs) that generate periodic motor commands for rhythmic movements. In vertebrates, the excitatory synaptic drive for inducing the spinal CPG can originate from either supraspinal glutamatergic inputs or from within the spinal cord. Here we identi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wyart C,Del Bene F,Warp E,Scott EK,Trauner D,Baier H,Isacoff EY

更新日期：2009-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:During endocytosis, clathrin and the clathrin adaptor protein AP-2, assisted by a variety of accessory factors, help to generate an invaginated bud at the cell membrane. One of these factors is Eps15, a clathrin-coat-associated protein that binds the alpha-adaptin subunit of AP-2. Here we investigate the function of E...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chen H,Fre S,Slepnev VI,Capua MR,Takei K,Butler MH,Di Fiore PP,De Camilli P

更新日期：1998-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune recognition of protein antigens relies on the combined interaction of multiple antibody loops, which provide a fairly large footprint and constrain the size and shape of protein surfaces that can be targeted. Single protein loops can mediate extremely high-affinity binding, but it is unclear whether such a mech...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ekiert DC,Kashyap AK,Steel J,Rubrum A,Bhabha G,Khayat R,Lee JH,Dillon MA,O'Neil RE,Faynboym AM,Horowitz M,Horowitz L,Ward AB,Palese P,Webby R,Lerner RA,Bhatt RR,Wilson IA

更新日期：2012-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent advances in understanding the molecular basis of human X-linked muscular dystrophies have come from the identification of dystrophin, a cytoskeletal protein associated with the surface membrane. Although there is little or virtually no dystrophin in affected individuals, it is not known how this causes muscle d...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Franco A Jr,Lansman JB

更新日期：1990-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:It has long been contentious whether the large representation of the fovea in the primate visual cortex (V1) indicates a selective magnification of this part of the retina, or whether it merely reflects the density of retinal ganglion cells. The measurement of the retinal ganglion-cell density is complicated by latera...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wässle H,Grünert U,Röhrenbeck J,Boycott BB

更新日期：1989-10-19 00:00:00

abstract：:In Xenopus the c-mos proto-oncogene product (Mos) is essential for the initiation of oocyte maturation, for the progression from meiosis I to meiosis II and for the second meiotic metaphase arrest, acting as an essential component of the cytostatic factor CSF. Its function in mouse oocytes is unclear, however, as is t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hashimoto N,Watanabe N,Furuta Y,Tamemoto H,Sagata N,Yokoyama M,Okazaki K,Nagayoshi M,Takeda N,Ikawa Y

更新日期：1994-07-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Titan, the largest moon of Saturn, is the only satellite in the Solar System with a substantial atmosphere. The atmosphere is poorly understood and obscures the surface, leading to intense speculation about Titan's nature. Here we present observations of Titan from the imaging science experiment onboard the Cassini sp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Porco CC,Baker E,Barbara J,Beurle K,Brahic A,Burns JA,Charnoz S,Cooper N,Dawson DD,Del Genio AD,Denk T,Dones L,Dyudina U,Evans MW,Fussner S,Giese B,Grazier K,Helfenstein P,Ingersoll AP,Jacobson RA,Johnson TV,McE

更新日期：2005-03-10 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past ten years, coupled quantum wells have emerged as a promising system for experiments on Bose condensation of excitons, with numerous theoretical and experimental studies aimed at the demonstration of this effect. One of the issues driving these studies is the possibility of long-range coherent transport...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Snoke D,Denev S,Liu Y,Pfeiffer L,West K

更新日期：2002-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Stable maintenance of gene regulatory programs is essential for normal function in multicellular organisms. Epigenetic mechanisms, and DNA methylation in particular, are hypothesized to facilitate such maintenance by creating cellular memory that can be written during embryonic development and then guide cell-type-spe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shipony Z,Mukamel Z,Cohen NM,Landan G,Chomsky E,Zeliger SR,Fried YC,Ainbinder E,Friedman N,Tanay A

更新日期：2014-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The unusual helium-rich (type Ib) supernova SN 2005E is distinguished from all supernovae hitherto observed by its faint and rapidly fading light curve, prominent calcium lines in late-phase spectra and lack of any mark of recent star formation near the supernova location. These properties are claimed to be explained ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kawabata KS,Maeda K,Nomoto K,Taubenberger S,Tanaka M,Deng J,Pian E,Hattori T,Itagaki K

更新日期：2010-05-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Zygotic genome activation in metazoans typically occurs several hours to a day after fertilization, and thus maternal RNAs and proteins drive early animal embryo development. In plants, despite several molecular studies of post-fertilization transcriptional activation, the timing of zygotic genome activation remains a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Del Toro-De León G,García-Aguilar M,Gillmor CS

更新日期：2014-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual recognition of three-dimensional (3-D) objects on the basis of their shape poses at least two difficult problems. First, there is the problem of variable illumination, which can be addressed by working with relatively stable features such as intensity edges rather than the raw intensity images. Second, ther...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Poggio T,Edelman S

更新日期：1990-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility of rodent cells to infection by ecotropic murine leukaemia viruses (MuLV) is determined by binding of the virus envelope to a membrane receptor that has multiple membrane-spanning domains. Cells infected by ecotropic MuLV synthesize envelope protein, gp70, which binds to this receptor, thereby preventin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kim JW,Closs EI,Albritton LM,Cunningham JM

更新日期：1991-08-22 00:00:00