The structural basis of lipopolysaccharide recognition by the TLR4-MD-2 complex.

abstract：:The ability to control the quantum state of a single electron spin in a quantum dot is at the heart of recent developments towards a scalable spin-based quantum computer. In combination with the recently demonstrated controlled exchange gate between two neighbouring spins, driven coherent single spin rotations would p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koppens FH,Buizert C,Tielrooij KJ,Vink IT,Nowack KC,Meunier T,Kouwenhoven LP,Vandersypen LM

更新日期：2006-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:To identify cis-acting DNA elements involved in the activation of the alpha-fetoprotein gene during differentiation, modified copies of the gene were introduced into murine F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. The differentiation of the transformants to either parietal or visceral endoderm was accompanied by induction of the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scott RW,Vogt TF,Croke ME,Tilghman SM

更新日期：1984-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The quantum-level interplay between geometry, topology and correlation is at the forefront of fundamental physics1-15. Kagome magnets are predicted to support intrinsic Chern quantum phases owing to their unusual lattice geometry and breaking of time-reversal symmetry14,15. However, quantum materials hosting ideal spi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yin JX,Ma W,Cochran TA,Xu X,Zhang SS,Tien HJ,Shumiya N,Cheng G,Jiang K,Lian B,Song Z,Chang G,Belopolski I,Multer D,Litskevich M,Cheng ZJ,Yang XP,Swidler B,Zhou H,Lin H,Neupert T,Wang Z,Yao N,Chang TR,Jia S

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of magnetic domains (and the walls between domains) in determining the electrical properties of ferromagnetic materials has been investigated in great detail for many years, not least because control over domains offers a means of manipulating electron spin to control charge transport in 'spintronic' devices....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kummamuru RK,Soh YA

更新日期：2008-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Topoisomerases relieve the torsional strain in DNA that is built up during replication and transcription. They are vital for cell proliferation and are a target for poisoning by anti-cancer drugs. Type IB topoisomerase (TopIB) forms a protein clamp around the DNA duplex and creates a transient nick that permits remova...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Koster DA,Croquette V,Dekker C,Shuman S,Dekker NH

更新日期：2005-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli assemble surface structures termed pili, or fimbriae, to mediate binding to host-cell receptors1. Type 1 pili are assembled via the conserved chaperone-usher pathway2-5. The outer-membrane usher FimD recruits pilus subunits bound by the chaperone FimC via the periplasmic N-...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Du M,Yuan Z,Yu H,Henderson N,Sarowar S,Zhao G,Werneburg GT,Thanassi DG,Li H

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When a spatially uniform temperature change is imposed on a solid with more than one phase, or on a polycrystal of a single, non-cubic phase (showing anisotropic expansion-contraction), the resulting thermal strain is inhomogeneous (non-affine). Thermal cycling induces internal stresses, leading to structural and prop...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ketov SV,Sun YH,Nachum S,Lu Z,Checchi A,Beraldin AR,Bai HY,Wang WH,Louzguine-Luzgin DV,Carpenter MA,Greer AL

更新日期：2015-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Many small proteins seem to fold by a simple process explicable by conventional chemical kinetics and transition-state theory. This assumes an instant equilibrium between reactants and a high-energy activated state. In reality, equilibration occurs on timescales dependent on the molecules involved, below which such an...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yang WY,Gruebele M

更新日期：2003-05-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Disruption of the normal regulation of cell-cycle progression and division lies at the heart of the events leading to cancer. Complex networks of regulatory factors, the tumour microenvironment and stress signals, such as those resulting from damaged DNA, dictate whether cancer cells proliferate or die. Recent progres...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sawyers C

更新日期：2004-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In the prehistoric green Sahara of Holocene North Africa-in contrast to the Neolithic of Europe and Eurasia-a reliance on cattle, sheep and goats emerged as a stable and widespread way of life, long before the first evidence for domesticated plants or settled village farming communities. The remarkable rock art found ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dunne J,Evershed RP,Salque M,Cramp L,Bruni S,Ryan K,Biagetti S,di Lernia S

更新日期：2012-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteolysis is essential for the execution of many cellular functions. These include removal of incorrectly folded or damaged proteins, the activation of transcription factors, the ordered degradation of proteins involved in cell cycle control, and the generation of peptides destined for presentation by class I molecu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Glas R,Bogyo M,McMaster JS,Gaczynska M,Ploegh HL

更新日期：1998-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Much of our knowledge of galaxies comes from analysing the radiation emitted by their stars, which depends on the present number of each type of star in the galaxy. The present number depends on the stellar initial mass function (IMF), which describes the distribution of stellar masses when the population formed, and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cappellari M,McDermid RM,Alatalo K,Blitz L,Bois M,Bournaud F,Bureau M,Crocker AF,Davies RL,Davis TA,de Zeeuw PT,Duc PA,Emsellem E,Khochfar S,Krajnović D,Kuntschner H,Lablanche PY,Morganti R,Naab T,Oosterloo T,Sarz

更新日期：2012-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Adult stem cells undergo asymmetric cell division to self-renew and give rise to differentiated cells that comprise mature tissue. Sister chromatids may be distinguished and segregated nonrandomly in asymmetrically dividing stem cells, although the underlying mechanism and the purpose it may serve remain elusive. Here...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yadlapalli S,Yamashita YM

更新日期：2013-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Phase and antigenic variation of pilin expression in Neisseria gonorrhoeae result from recombination events in which variant sequences from one of the silent loci (pilS) are transferred to the expression locus (pilE). Such rearrangements were originally thought to be gene conversions, but findings showing that phase v...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gibbs CP,Reimann BY,Schultz E,Kaufmann A,Haas R,Meyer TF

更新日期：1989-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:HIV-1 protease processes the Gag and Gag-Pol polyproteins into mature structural and functional proteins, including itself, and is therefore indispensable for viral maturation. The mature protease is active only as a dimer with each subunit contributing catalytic residues. The full-length transframe region protease pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tang C,Louis JM,Aniana A,Suh JY,Clore GM

更新日期：2008-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The 37-amino-acid calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) occurs as a result of alternative processing of mRNA from the calcitonin gene. The potency of CGRP as a vasodilator and the occurrence of the peptide in nerves associated with blood vessels suggest an important role for CGRP in the regulation of blood flow. The ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Brain SD,Williams TJ

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Galaxies had their most significant impact on the Universe when they assembled their first generations of stars. Energetic photons emitted by young, massive stars in primeval galaxies ionized the intergalactic medium surrounding their host galaxies, cleared sightlines along which the light of the young galaxies could ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lehnert MD,Nesvadba NP,Cuby JG,Swinbank AM,Morris S,Clément B,Evans CJ,Bremer MN,Basa S

更新日期：2010-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The Earth's mantle is isotopically heterogeneous on length scales ranging from centimetres to more than 10(4) kilometres. This heterogeneity originates from partial melt extraction and plate tectonic recycling, whereas stirring during mantle convection tends to reduce it. Here we show that mid-ocean ridge basalts from...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Graham DW,Blichert-Toft J,Russo CJ,Rubin KH,Albarède F

更新日期：2006-03-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Networks have become a key approach to understanding systems of interacting objects, unifying the study of diverse phenomena including biological organisms and human society. One crucial step when studying the structure and dynamics of networks is to identify communities: groups of related nodes that correspond to fun...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ahn YY,Bagrow JP,Lehmann S

更新日期：2010-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The fruit, which mediates the maturation and dispersal of seeds, is a complex structure unique to flowering plants. Seed dispersal in plants such as Arabidopsis occurs by a process called fruit dehiscence, or pod shatter. Few studies have focused on identifying genes that regulate this process, in spite of the agronom...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liljegren SJ,Ditta GS,Eshed Y,Savidge B,Bowman JL,Yanofsky MF

更新日期：2000-04-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Climate models with increased levels of carbon dioxide predict that global warming causes heating in the tropics, but investigations of ancient climates based on palaeodata have generally indicated cool tropical temperatures during supposed greenhouse episodes. For example, in the Late Cretaceous and Eocene epochs the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pearson PN,Ditchfield PW,Singano J,Harcourt-Brown KG,Nicholas CJ,Olsson RK,Shackleton NJ,Hall MA

更新日期：2001-10-04 00:00:00

abstract：:p97 is a 97,000 molecular weight cell-surface glycoprotein, which is present in human melanomas but in only trace amounts in normal adult tissues. Amino acid sequence and iron binding studies have shown that p97 is structurally and functionally related to transferrin. Reports that the genes for the transferrin recepto...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Plowman GD,Brown JP,Enns CA,Schröder J,Nikinmaa B,Sussman HH,Hellström KE,Hellström I

更新日期：1983-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The biosynthesis of many of the complement proteins by cells of the monocyte-macrophage series has been established. Studies on these cells using radiolabelled amino acids demonstrated synthesis of precursor proteins (pro-complement), and the native complement protein similar in size to that found in the plasma. Howev...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ooi YM,Ooi BS

更新日期：1982-07-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Transposable elements from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are discrete DNA segments bounded by inverted or directly repeated sequences that insert into non-homologous DNA in a reaction that is independent of the general recombination functions of the host. The mechanisms proposed generally involve a staggered do...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Murphy E,Löfdahl S

更新日期：1984-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutational activation of BRAF is the most prevalent genetic alteration in human melanoma, with ≥50% of tumours expressing the BRAF(V600E) oncoprotein. Moreover, the marked tumour regression and improved survival of late-stage BRAF-mutated melanoma patients in response to treatment with vemurafenib demonstrates the ess...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Das Thakur M,Salangsang F,Landman AS,Sellers WR,Pryer NK,Levesque MP,Dummer R,McMahon M,Stuart DD

更新日期：2013-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In this Letter, in "About 75% of this reduction is expected to come from emission reductions and the remaining 25% from land use, land-use change and forestry", '25%' should read '1%' and '75%' should read '99%'. In the sentence "The carbon-sink-maximizing portfolio has a small negative effect on annual precipitation ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Luyssaert S,Marie G,Valade A,Chen YY,Djomo SN,Ryder J,Otto J,Naudts K,Lansø AS,Ghattas J,McGrath MJ

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pinocytosis and membrane ruffling are among the earliest and most dramatic cellular responses to stimulation by growth factors or other mitogens. The small Ras-related G proteins Rho and Rac have a regulatory role in membrane ruffling and activated Rho has been shown to stimulate pinocytosis when microinjected into Xe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lamaze C,Chuang TH,Terlecky LJ,Bokoch GM,Schmid SL

更新日期：1996-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:When we see motion, our perception of how one image feature moves depends on the behaviour of other features nearby. In particular, the Gestaltists proposed the law of shared common fate, in which features tend to be perceived as moving together, that is, coherently. Recent psychophysical findings, such as the coopera...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yuille AL,Grzywacz NM

更新日期：1988-05-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten eleven translocation (TET) enzymes, including TET1, TET2 and TET3, convert 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and regulate gene transcription. However, the molecular mechanism by which TET family enzymes regulate gene transcription remains elusive. Using protein affinity purification, here we search for f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chen Q,Chen Y,Bian C,Fujiki R,Yu X

更新日期：2013-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin stimulates the transport of glucose into fat and muscle cells. Although the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this process remain uncertain, insulin initiates its actions by binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor, leading to the phosphorylation of intracellular substrates. One such substrate is the Cbl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baumann CA,Ribon V,Kanzaki M,Thurmond DC,Mora S,Shigematsu S,Bickel PE,Pessin JE,Saltiel AR

更新日期：2000-09-14 00:00:00