Abstract:
:Transposable elements from prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms are discrete DNA segments bounded by inverted or directly repeated sequences that insert into non-homologous DNA in a reaction that is independent of the general recombination functions of the host. The mechanisms proposed generally involve a staggered double-stranded scission of the target DNA, ligation to the nicked ends of the transposable element, and replication of the element, resulting in the generation of a directly repeated oligonucleotide target sequence flanking the new copy of the element. Most transposons have a relatively low degree of target site specificity coupled with a low insertion frequency. Tn554, a Staphylococcus aureus transposon which specifies resistances to erythromycin and spectinomycin, displays an unusually high degree of insertion specificity. Tn554 transposes with high efficiency to a unique ('primary') site in the S. aureus chromosome and only rarely (less than 10(-6) per transductant) to other, secondary sites. We report here the nucleotide sequences surrounding the junctions of Tn554 in three independent 'primary' insertions and two 'secondary' insertions of the transposon. Two unusual features are revealed: first, the termini of Tn554 contain neither inverted nor directly repeated sequences. Second, transposition of Tn554 does not generate the short direct repeats of the target DNA that are characteristic of other transposable elements. These results suggest that the mechanism of Tn554 insertion may be significantly different from that of other transposons.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Murphy E,Löfdahl Sdoi
10.1038/307292a0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1984-01-19 00:00:00pages
292-4issue
5948eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687journal_volume
307pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::The midbrain region periaqueductal grey (PAG) is rich in opioid receptors and endogenous opioids and is a major target of analgesic action in the central nervous system. It has been proposed that the analgesic effect of opioids on the PAG works by suppressing the inhibitory influence of the neurotransmitter GABA (gamm...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/37610
更新日期:1997-12-11 00:00:00
abstract::Blood production is ensured by rare, self-renewing haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). How HSCs accommodate the diverse cellular stresses associated with their life-long activity remains elusive. Here we identify autophagy as an essential mechanism protecting HSCs from metabolic stress. We show that mouse HSCs, in contr...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11895
更新日期:2013-02-21 00:00:00
abstract::Foreign protein antigens must be broken down within endosomes or lysosomes to generate suitable peptides that will form complexes with class II major histocompatibility complex molecules for presentation to T cells. However, it is not known which proteases are required for antigen processing. To investigate this, we e...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/25379
更新日期:1998-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::The reliable detection of single quantum particles has revolutionized the field of quantum optics and quantum information processing. For several years, researchers have aspired to extend such detection possibilities to larger-scale, strongly correlated quantum systems in order to record in situ images of a quantum fl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09378
更新日期:2010-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::B-RAF is the most frequently mutated protein kinase in human cancers. The finding that oncogenic mutations in BRAF are common in melanoma, followed by the demonstration that these tumours are dependent on the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, offered hope that inhibition of B-RAF kinase activity could benefit melanoma patients. He...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09454
更新日期:2010-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::Nitrogen enrichment is widely thought to be responsible for the loss of plant species from temperate terrestrial ecosystems. This view is based on field surveys and controlled experiments showing that species richness correlates negatively with high productivity and nitrogen enrichment. However, as the type of nutrien...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature03950
更新日期:2005-09-22 00:00:00
abstract::The beta, gamma-crystallins form a class of homologous proteins in the eye lens. Each gamma-crystallin comprises four topologically equivalent, Greek key motifs; pairs of motifs are organized around a local dyad to give domains and two similar domains are in turn related by a further local dyad. Sequence comparisons a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/347776a0
更新日期:1990-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::The hydroxyl radical (OH) is a key oxidant involved in the removal of air pollutants and greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The ratio of Northern Hemispheric to Southern Hemispheric (NH/SH) OH concentration is important for our understanding of emission estimates of atmospheric species such as nitrogen oxides and m...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13721
更新日期:2014-09-11 00:00:00
abstract::Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a disease caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has resulted in a pandemic1. The C5a complement factor and its receptor C5aR1 (also known as CD88) have a key role in the initiation and maintenance of several inflammatory respons...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2600-6
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The evolutionary theory of ageing explains why ageing occurs, giving valuable insight into the mechanisms underlying the complex cellular and molecular changes that contribute to senescence. Such understanding also helps to clarify how the genome shapes the ageing process, thereby aiding the study of the genetic facto...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/35041682
更新日期:2000-11-09 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution, accumulation and circulation of oxygen and hydrogen in Earth's interior dictate the geochemical evolution of the hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. The oxygen-rich atmosphere and iron-rich core represent two end-members of the oxygen-iron (O-Fe) system, overlapping with the entire pressure-temper...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature18018
更新日期:2016-06-09 00:00:00
abstract::The plant hormone auxin is central in many aspects of plant development. Previous studies have implicated the ubiquitin-ligase SCF(TIR1) and the AUX/IAA proteins in auxin response. Dominant mutations in several AUX/IAA genes confer pleiotropic auxin-related phenotypes, whereas recessive mutations affecting the functio...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35104500
更新日期:2001-11-15 00:00:00
abstract::Long before infants reach, crawl or walk, they explore the world by looking: they look to learn and to engage, giving preferential attention to social stimuli, including faces, face-like stimuli and biological motion. This capacity-social visual engagement-shapes typical infant development from birth and is pathognomo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature22999
更新日期:2017-07-20 00:00:00
abstract::A paramutation is an epigenetic interaction between two alleles of a locus, through which one allele induces a heritable modification in the other allele without modifying the DNA sequence. The paramutated allele itself becomes paramutagenic, that is, capable of epigenetically converting a new paramutable allele. Here...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature11416
更新日期:2012-10-04 00:00:00
abstract::X chromosomes evolve differently from autosomes, but general governing principles have not emerged. For example, genes with male-biased expression are under-represented on the X chromosome of D. melanogaster, but are randomly distributed in the genome of Anopheles gambiae. In direct global profiling experiments using ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06330
更新日期:2007-11-08 00:00:00
abstract::Metamaterials are artificial optical media composed of sub-wavelength metallic and dielectric building blocks that feature optical phenomena not present in naturally occurring materials. Although they can serve as the basis for unique optical devices that mould the flow of light in unconventional ways, three-dimension...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14477
更新日期:2015-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::The unusual helium-rich (type Ib) supernova SN 2005E is distinguished from all supernovae hitherto observed by its faint and rapidly fading light curve, prominent calcium lines in late-phase spectra and lack of any mark of recent star formation near the supernova location. These properties are claimed to be explained ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09055
更新日期:2010-05-20 00:00:00
abstract::The development and maintenance of an epithelium requires finely balanced rates of growth and cell death. However, the mechanical and biochemical mechanisms that ensure proper feedback control of tissue growth, which when deregulated contribute to tumorigenesis, are poorly understood. Here we use the fly notum as a mo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature10984
更新日期:2012-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The tips of mammalian digits can regenerate after amputation, like those of amphibians. It is unknown why this capacity is limited to the area associated with the nail. Here we show that nail stem cells (NSCs) reside in the proximal nail matrix and that the mechanisms governing NSC differentiation are coupled directly...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature12214
更新日期:2013-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::Magnetic interactions and magnetic impurities are destructive to superconductivity in conventional superconductors. By contrast, in some unconventional macroscopic quantum systems (such as superfluid 3He and superconducting UGe2), the superconductivity (or superfluidity) is actually mediated by magnetic interactions. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/35082019
更新日期:2001-06-21 00:00:00
abstract::The three-dimensional structure of the ligand-binding region of human E-selectin has been determined at 2.0 A resolution. The structure reveals limited contact between the two domains and a coordination of Ca2+ not predicted from other C-type lectins. Structure/function analysis indicates a defined region and specific...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/367532a0
更新日期:1994-02-10 00:00:00
abstract::The separation of cells into populations that do not intermix, termed compartments, is a fundamental organizing principle during development. Dorsal-ventral compartmentalization of the Drosophila wing is regulated downstream of the apterous (ap) gene, which encodes a transcription factor that specifies dorsal wing fat...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/46786
更新日期:1999-09-30 00:00:00
abstract::'Identifier' or ID sequences are present in 62% of the RNA polymerase II and III transcripts made in vitro from brain nuclei but in fewer than 4% of the transcripts made from the nuclei of other tissues. An homologous 160-nucleotide cytoplasmic poly(A)+ RNA species, BC1, and a smaller species, BC2, are located in vivo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/308237a0
更新日期:1984-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Dominant alleles at the agouti locus (A) cause an obesity syndrome in the mouse, as a consequence of ectopic expression of the agouti peptide. This peptide, normally only found in the skin, is a high-affinity antagonist of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1-R), thus explaining the inhibitory effect of ag...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/385165a0
更新日期:1997-01-09 00:00:00
abstract::Long-term reconstitution of the lymphohaematopoietic cells of a mouse after lethal irradiation requires the transplantation of at least (5-10) x 10(3) bone marrow cells. Several cell-separation techniques based on cell-surface characteristics have been used in attempts to identify the pluripotent haematopoietic stem c...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/347188a0
更新日期:1990-09-13 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing human populations around the global coastline have caused extensive loss, degradation and fragmentation of coastal ecosystems, threatening the delivery of important ecosystem services1. As a result, alarming losses of mangrove, coral reef, seagrass, kelp forest and coastal marsh ecosystems have occurred1-6....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0805-8
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation has a profound impact on genome stability, transcription and development. Although enzymes that catalyse DNA methylation have been well characterized, those that are involved in methyl group removal have remained elusive, until recently. The transformative discovery that ten-eleven translocation (TET) ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature12750
更新日期:2013-10-24 00:00:00
abstract::Nerve growth factor (NGF) is involved in a variety of processes involving signalling, such as cell differentiation and survival, growth cessation and apoptosis of neurons. These events are mediated by NGF as a result of binding to its two cell-surface receptors, TrkA and p75. TrkA is a receptor with tyrosine kinase ac...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/43705
更新日期:1999-09-09 00:00:00
abstract::Height is a highly heritable, classic polygenic trait with approximately 700 common associated variants identified through genome-wide association studies so far. Here, we report 83 height-associated coding variants with lower minor-allele frequencies (in the range of 0.1-4.8%) and effects of up to 2 centimetres per a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature21039
更新日期:2017-02-09 00:00:00
abstract::Translation initiation determines both the quantity and identity of the protein that is encoded in an mRNA by establishing the reading frame for protein synthesis. In eukaryotic cells, numerous translation initiation factors prepare ribosomes for polypeptide synthesis; however, the underlying dynamics of this process ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1561-0
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00