Brain potential and functional MRI evidence for how to handle two languages with one brain.

abstract：:Living cells regulate the activity of their ion channels through a process known as gating. To open the pore, protein conformational changes must occur within a channel's membrane-spanning ion pathway. KcsA and MthK, closed and opened K(+) channels, respectively, reveal how such gating transitions occur. Pore-lining '...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jiang Y,Lee A,Chen J,Cadene M,Chait BT,MacKinnon R

更新日期：2002-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The National Institutes of Health's Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) has approved a commercial proposal by Advanced Genetic Sciences Inc. to field-test recombinant ice-nucleating bacteria. Its decision came two weeks after a federal judge halted a similar trial by researchers from the University of California...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Budiansky S

更新日期：1984-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a potent pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory cytokine implicated in inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, multiple sclerosis and the cachexia associated with cancer or human immunodeficiency virus infection. TNF-alpha is initially expressed...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gearing AJ,Beckett P,Christodoulou M,Churchill M,Clements J,Davidson AH,Drummond AH,Galloway WA,Gilbert R,Gordon JL

更新日期：1994-08-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from the retroviral gag, pol and env the HIV genome contains the F (3' orf) gene which encodes a polypeptide of 206 amino acids which is myristylated at the N-terminal and whose function is unknown. We have expressed the F gene in Escherichia coli and from a recombinant vaccinia virus, VVTGfHIV. The F-protein pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guy B,Kieny MP,Riviere Y,Le Peuch C,Dott K,Girard M,Montagnier L,Lecocq JP

更新日期：1987-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Novel biochemical processes using magnetic particles have been automated to provide a robotic system to perform processes for large-scale shotgun sequencing. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Watson A,Smaldon N,Lucke R,Hawkins T

更新日期：1993-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Ia antigens are membrane-bound glycoproteins that play a part in antigen recognition and subsequent cell-cell interactions in the immune response. In the mouse they are coded for by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex H-2 and have been demonstrated on B lymphocytes, monocytes, activated T cells, macro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： de Waal RM,Bogman MJ,Maass CN,Cornelissen LM,Tax WJ,Koene RA

更新日期：1983-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Hyperpolarization-activated cation channels of the HCN gene family contribute to spontaneous rhythmic activity in both heart and brain. All four family members contain both a core transmembrane segment domain, homologous to the S1-S6 regions of voltage-gated K+ channels, and a carboxy-terminal 120 amino-acid cyclic nu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wainger BJ,DeGennaro M,Santoro B,Siegelbaum SA,Tibbs GR

更新日期：2001-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Cells sense the context in which they grow to adapt their phenotype and allow multicellular patterning by mechanisms of autocrine and paracrine signalling. However, patterns also form in cell populations exposed to the same signalling molecules and substratum, which often correlate with specific features of the popula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Frechin M,Stoeger T,Daetwyler S,Gehin C,Battich N,Damm EM,Stergiou L,Riezman H,Pelkmans L

更新日期：2015-07-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite tremendous efforts, development of an effective vaccine against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has proved an elusive goal. Recently, however, numerous antibodies have been identified that are capable of neutralizing most circulating HIV strains. These antibodies all exhibit an unusually high level of somat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Balazs AB,Chen J,Hong CM,Rao DS,Yang L,Baltimore D

更新日期：2011-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The Ndc80 complex is a key site of regulated kinetochore-microtubule attachment (a process required for cell division), but the molecular mechanism underlying its function remains unknown. Here we present a subnanometre-resolution cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of the human Ndc80 complex bound to microtubules...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Alushin GM,Ramey VH,Pasqualato S,Ball DA,Grigorieff N,Musacchio A,Nogales E

更新日期：2010-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Germinal centres are specialized structures wherein B lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion, class switch recombination, antibody gene diversification and affinity maturation. Three to four antigen-specific B cells colonize a follicle to establish a germinal centre and become rapidly dividing germinal-centre centroblas...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schwickert TA,Lindquist RL,Shakhar G,Livshits G,Skokos D,Kosco-Vilbois MH,Dustin ML,Nussenzweig MC

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The erosion of mountain belts controls their topographic and structural evolution and is the main source of sediment delivered to the oceans. Mountain erosion rates have been estimated from current relief and precipitation, but a more complete evaluation of the controls on erosion rates requires detailed measurements ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dadson SJ,Hovius N,Chen H,Dade WB,Hsieh ML,Willett SD,Hu JC,Horng MJ,Chen MC,Stark CP,Lague D,Lin JC

更新日期：2003-12-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Serine proteases are present in virtually all organisms and function both inside and outside the cell; they exist as two families, the 'trypsin-like' and the 'subtilisin-like', that have independently evolved a similar catalytic device characterized by the Ser, His, Asp triad, an oxyanion binding site, and possibly ot...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carter P,Wells JA

更新日期：1988-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The commitment of non-dividing cells (in G0) to enter division can be studied using primary cultures of lymphocytes. The cells are stable in G0 unless stimulated by mitogen such as concanavalin A (Con A). Commitment to enter the division cycle depends on the expression of gene(s) induced by Con A and the synthesis of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Milner J

更新日期：1984-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapies for patients with cancer have changed gradually over the past decade, moving away from the administration of broadly acting cytotoxic drugs towards the use of more-specific therapies that are targeted to each tumour. To facilitate this shift, tests need to be developed to identify those individuals who requi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van't Veer LJ,Bernards R

更新日期：2008-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Bottom trawling is a non-selective commercial fishing technique whereby heavy nets and gear are pulled along the sea floor. The direct impact of this technique on fish populations and benthic communities has received much attention, but trawling can also modify the physical properties of seafloor sediments, water–sedi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Puig P,Canals M,Company JB,Martín J,Amblas D,Lastras G,Palanques A

更新日期：2012-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Oral administration of antigen is used to induce antigen-specific peripheral immune tolerance. As well as preventing systemic immune responses to ingested proteins, oral tolerance to autoantigens has also been used to suppress autoimmune diseases in animals and humans. Both active suppression and clonal anergy are sug...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chen Y,Inobe J,Marks R,Gonnella P,Kuchroo VK,Weiner HL

更新日期：1995-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Many tissues including blood, skin, gut and germ cells are continuously maintained by tissue stem cells. Under certain conditions, however, other organs can undergo repair using stem-cell-like progenitors generated by cell de-differentiation. Cell fates have been broadened experimentally, but mechanisms allowing de-di...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kai T,Spradling A

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyc- variants of S49 lymphoma cells have served as powerful tools for studying the components and mechanisms of hormone-induced adenylate cyclase stimulation, as these cells are deficient in the guanine nucleotide regulatory site (Ns) mediating hormone, guanine nucleotide, cholera toxin and fluoride-induced stimul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jakobs KH,Aktories K,Schultz G

更新日期：1983-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Secretory-protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is thought to be catalysed by integral membrane proteins. Genetic selections uncovered three Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes (SEC61, SEC62 and SEC63), mutations in which block import of precursor proteins into the ER lumen in vivo and in vitro. The DNA...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Deshaies RJ,Sanders SL,Feldheim DA,Schekman R

更新日期：1991-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:When simian virus 40 (SV40) infects host cells, the viral genes are expressed in two phases. Early in infection, the virus genome is transcribed and translated to yield two related proteins, 'large T' and 'small t' antigens. Later the rate of synthesis of the early messenger RNA falls and the viral genes coding for th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： McKay R,DiMaio D

更新日期：1981-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:IN 1969, Murozumi et al.1 demonstrated that the concentration of lead in Greenland snow had increased by a factor of 200 since ancient times, and concluded that most of this increase was a result of the use of alkyl-leaded petrol. Partly because of these findings, the United States and other western countries limited ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rosman KJR,Chisholm W,Boutron CF,Candelone JP,Görlach U

更新日期：1993-03-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Endochondral ossification, an important process in vertebrate bone formation, is highly dependent on correct functioning of growth plate chondrocytes1. Proliferation of these cells determines longitudinal bone growth and the matrix deposited provides a scaffold for future bone formation. However, these two energy-depe...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stegen S,Laperre K,Eelen G,Rinaldi G,Fraisl P,Torrekens S,Van Looveren R,Loopmans S,Bultynck G,Vinckier S,Meersman F,Maxwell PH,Rai J,Weis M,Eyre DR,Ghesquière B,Fendt SM,Carmeliet P,Carmeliet G

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Glausiusz J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The microscopic origin of superconductivity in the high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) copper oxides remains the subject of active inquiry; several of their electronic characteristics are well established as universal to all the known materials, forming the experimental foundation that all theories must address. T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schaak RE,Klimczuk T,Foo ML,Cava RJ

更新日期：2003-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The human T cell erythrocyte receptor (CD2 antigen) allows thymocytes and mature T cells to adhere to thymic epithelium and target cells through a cell surface protein, LFA-3 (refs 1-6). Monoclonal antibodies recognizing CD2 can either block adhesion or, in certain combinations, induce an antigen-independent T cell ac...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peterson A,Seed B

更新日期：1987-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to process microbial antigens and present them at the surface of cells is an important aspect of our innate ability to clear infections. It is generally accepted that antigens in the cytoplasm are loaded in the endoplasmic reticulum and presented at the cell surface on major histocompatibility complex (MHC...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Houde M,Bertholet S,Gagnon E,Brunet S,Goyette G,Laplante A,Princiotta MF,Thibault P,Sacks D,Desjardins M

更新日期：2003-09-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) can initiate calcium release into the cytoplasm in a variety of cells. From experiments using permeabilized cells, membrane vesicles, and patch-clamp techniques, it has been suggested that InsP3 acts by directly opening calcium channels. Here, we show that InsP3 induced openings of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ehrlich BE,Watras J

更新日期：1988-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The question of whether DNA is able to transport electrons has attracted much interest, particularly as this ability may play a role as a repair mechanism after radiation damage to the DNA helix. Experiments addressing DNA conductivity have involved a large number of DNA strands doped with intercalated donor and accep...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fink HW,Schönenberger C

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An increase in free calcium triggers catecholamine secretion from chromaffin cells and calmodulin is strongly implicated as the intracellular Ca2+ receptor. In our recent studies of calmodulin action in the chromaffin cell, micromolar Ca2+ concentrations resulted in calmodulin and cytosolic proteins becoming bound to ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Geisow MJ,Burgoyne RD

更新日期：1983-02-03 00:00:00