Abstract:
:MUPs (major urinary proteins) play an important role in chemical signalling in rodents and possibly other animals. In the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) MUPs in urine and other bodily fluids trigger a range of behavioural responses that are only partially understood. There are at least 21 Mup genes in the C57BL/6 mouse genome, all located on chromosome 4, encoding sequences of high similarity. Further analysis separates the MUPs into two groups, the 'central' near-identical MUPs with over 97% sequence identity and the 'peripheral' MUPs with a greater degree of heterogeneity and approximately 20-30% non-conserved amino acids. This review focuses on differences between the two MUP sub-groups and categorizes these changes in terms of molecular structure and pheromone binding. As small differences in amino acid sequence can result in marked changes in behavioural response to the signal, we explore the potential of single amino acid changes to affect chemical signalling and protein stabilization. Using analysis of existing molecular structures available in the PDB we compare the chemical and physical properties of the ligand cavities between the MUPs. Furthermore, we identify differences on the solvent exposed surfaces of the proteins, which are characteristic of protein-protein interaction sites. Correlations can be seen between molecular heterogeneity and the specialized roles attributed to some MUPs.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Phelan MM,McLean L,Hurst JL,Beynon RJ,Lian LYdoi
10.1042/BST20140082subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-08-01 00:00:00pages
866-72issue
4eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST20140082journal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The human RAD30B gene has recently been shown to encode a novel DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase iota (poliota). The role of poliota within the cell is presently unknown, and the only clues to its cellular function come from its biochemical characterization in vitro. The aim of this short review is, therefore, to summar...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290183
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene-poor human chromosomes are reproducibly found at the nuclear periphery in proliferating cells. There are a number of inner nuclear envelope proteins that may have roles in chromosome location and anchorage, e.g. emerin and A-type lamins. In the last decade, a number of diseases associated with tissue degeneration...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20051438
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) is activated by ssRNAs (single-stranded RNAs) and synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds that resemble purines and have immunostimulatory activity. TLR8 agonists are particularly effective at inducing Th1-polarizing responses from human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, with the magnitud...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351485
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous RNA molecules with new catalytic properties have been isolated from synthetic combinatorial libraries. A broad range of chemical reactions is catalysed, and nucleic acids can accelerate bond formation between small organic substrates. This review focuses on carbon-carbon bond formation accelerated by in vitro...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0301137
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::cAMP is an essential signalling molecule whose concentration in cells is regulated by a wide range of hormones. A large number of diseases, including cancer and asthma, are linked to improper regulation of the cAMP signalling system, and manipulation of cAMP levels by pharmaceutical agents has proven therapeutic benef...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20051327
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic gene circuits allow us to govern cell behavior in a programmable manner, which is central to almost any application aiming to harness engineered living cells for user-defined tasks. Transcription factors (TFs) constitute the 'classic' tool for synthetic circuit construction but some of their inherent constra...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200020
更新日期:2020-10-30 00:00:00
abstract::Abnormal protein aggregation and intracellular or extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins are key events in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system probably contribute to neurodegenerat...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380150
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of studies demonstrate disturbances of the central innate immune system in AD (Alzheimer's disease). In animal and human studies, there is evidence of close communication between systemic and central innate immune systems. Animal models of neurodegeneration show evidence of an exaggerated central innate immun...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0390898
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The collagens of vertebrates may be divided into three groups according to chain size and whether or not the helical domains are continuous. Present evidence suggests that, at least within one of these groups, similarity between collagens is reflected in the organization of the genes that encode them. Early evidence s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0160661
更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The examples shown here illustrate the power of gene targeting to the epidermis as a means of developing animal models for the study of human skin diseases. In this short review, I have focused on contributions which stem predominantly from my own laboratory [31, 32, 34, 37, 47]. However, other laboratories have also ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0191112
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The membranes of living cells have been shown to be highly organized into distinct microdomains, which has spatial and temporal consequences for the interaction of membrane bound receptors and their signalling partners as complexes. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) is a technique with single cell sensitivit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150285
更新日期:2016-04-15 00:00:00
abstract::The ability to permit gene expression is managed by a set of relatively well known regulatory mechanisms. Nonetheless, this property can also be acquired during a life span as a consequence of environmental stimuli. Interestingly, some acquired information can be passed to the next generation of individuals without mo...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170335
更新日期:2018-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::We study how mechanical forces integrate spatially and temporally with regulatory signals at the leading edge of migrating cells. To probe the dynamics of this system, we developed quantitative fluorescent speckle microscopy, which maps out actin cytoskeleton transport, assembly and disassembly with high spatial resol...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20051250
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ligand-gated ion channels function as rapid signal transducers, converting chemical signals (in the form of neurotransmitters) into electrical signals in the postsynaptic neuron. This is achieved by the recognition of neurotransmitter at its specific-binding sites, which then triggers the opening of an ion channel ('g...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320540
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::TRP (transient receptor potential) channels comprise a superfamily of non-selective cation channels with at least seven subfamilies. The variety of subfamilies corresponds to the differences in the activation mechanisms and functions. TRPM3 (TRP melastatin 3) and TRPV4 (TRP vanilloid 3) have been characterized as cati...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350091
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is clear evidence implicating oxidative stress in the pathology of many different neurodegenerative diseases. ROS (reactive oxygen species) are the primary mediators of oxidative stress and many of the aggregating proteins and peptides associated with neurodegenerative disease can generate hydrogen peroxide, a k...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20051082
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mRNA coding for FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor 2), a major angiogenic factor, is translated by an IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-dependent mechanism. We have studied the role of the IRES in the regulation of FGF-2 expression in vivo, under pathophysiological conditions, by creating transgenic mice lines expr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20060017
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The production of dihydrogen by Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae is one of the classic features of mixed-acid fermentation. Synthesis of the multicomponent, membrane-associated FHL (formate hydrogenlyase) enzyme complex, which disproportionates formate into CO(2) and H(2), has an absolute r...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0330042
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose homoeostasis in mammals. The carbon flux through the PDC is meticulously controlled by elaborate mechanisms involving post-translational (short-term) phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and transcriptional (long-term) controls. T...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20060217
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding how cognitive processes including learning, memory, decision making and ideation are encoded by the genome is a key question in biology. Identification of sets of genes underlying human mental disorders is a path towards this objective. Schizophrenia is a common disease with cognitive symptoms, high heri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0380445
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Starting shortly after parturition, and continuing throughout our lifetime, the gut microbiota coevolves with our metabolic and neurological programming. This symbiosis is regulated by a complex interplay between the host and environmental factors, including diet and lifestyle. Not surprisingly, the development of thi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20191144
更新日期:2020-06-29 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian vascular system consists of two distinct, but closely related, networks: the blood vasculature (itself divided into arterial and venous networks) and the lymphatic vasculature. EC (endothelial cell) lineage specification has been proposed to be determined during embryonic development, after which the ECs...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110723
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Prelamin A is the precursor protein of lamin A, a major constituent of the nuclear lamina in higher eukaryotes. Increasing attention to prelamin A processing and function has been given after the discovery, from 2002 to 2004, of diseases caused by prelamin A accumulation. These diseases, belonging to the group of lami...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110657
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::HD (Huntington's disease) is a late onset heritable neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by neuronal dysfunction and death, particularly in the cerebral cortex and medium spiny neurons of the striatum. This is followed by progressive chorea, dementia and emotional dysfunction, eventually resulting in death...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371270
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The steroid hormone progesterone regulates many critical aspects of vertebrate physiology. The nuclear receptor for progesterone functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor, directly regulating gene expression. This type of signalling is referred to as the 'genomic' pathway. Nevertheless, progesterone also st...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20110638
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fibrotic disorders of the liver, kidney and lung are associated with excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins and ongoing coagulation-cascade activity. In addition to their critical roles in blood coagulation, thrombin and the immediate upstream coagulation proteases, Factors Xa and VIIa, influence numero...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many proteins self-assemble to form large supramolecular complexes. Numerous examples of these structures have been characterized, ranging from spherical viruses to tubular protein assemblies. Some new kinds of supramolecular structures are just coming to light, while it is likely there are others that have not yet be...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0350508
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180218
更新日期:2019-08-30 00:00:00
abstract::Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an impressive array of information about the structure, function and interactions of proteins. In recent years, many new developments have been in the field of native MS and these exemplify a new coming of age of this field. In this mini review, we connect the latest methodological and ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180356
更新日期:2019-02-28 00:00:00
abstract::Human CD4 T helper lymphocytes can be subdivided into at least three distinct functional subsets on the basis of their cytokine secretion profiles. One type of CD4+ lymphocyte, T helper 1 (Th1), produces interferon (IFN)-gamma and tumour necrosis factor beta, a second type (Th2) produces interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5 an...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0280212
更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00