Systemic inflammation and Alzheimer's disease.

abstract：:Abnormal protein aggregation and intracellular or extracellular accumulation of misfolded and aggregated proteins are key events in the pathogenesis of different neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, endoplasmic reticulum stress and impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system probably contribute to neurodegenerat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Haapasalo A,Viswanathan J,Bertram L,Soininen H,Tanzi RE,Hiltunen M

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on those enzymes and electron-transfer proteins involved in the catabolism of 'C1' substrates in methylotrophic bacteria have provided a wealth of information concerning the transfer of electrons and hydrogen by quantum tunnelling mechanisms. With regard to H-transfer, studies with MADH have provided the first...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scrutton NS

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of the translation initiation complex represents the rate-limiting step in protein synthesis. Translation initiation in the crenarchaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus depends on several translation IFs (initiation factors), some of which have eukaryal but no bacterial counterparts. In the present paper, we rev...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： La Teana A,Benelli D,Londei P,Bläsi U

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aberrant activation of the PI3K pathway is one of the commonest oncogenic events in human cancer. AKT is a key mediator of PI3K oncogenic function, and thus has been intensely pursued as a therapeutic target. Multiple AKT inhibitors, broadly classified as either ATP-competitive or allosteric, are currently in various ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lazaro G,Kostaras E,Vivanco I

更新日期：2020-06-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially under nitrate starvation. Generally, these TAGs are predominantly constructed of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the TAGs of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum are rich in arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 omega6) and eic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cohen Z,Khozin-Goldberg I,Adlerstein D,Bigogno C

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The production of dihydrogen by Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae is one of the classic features of mixed-acid fermentation. Synthesis of the multicomponent, membrane-associated FHL (formate hydrogenlyase) enzyme complex, which disproportionates formate into CO(2) and H(2), has an absolute r...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sawers RG

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wilms' tumour-suppressor gene (WT1), encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is critical for the development of several organs, including the kidneys, gonads and spleen. Despite its identification as a tumour suppressor that plays a crucial role in the formation of a paediatric malignancy of the kidneys (W...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hartkamp J,Roberts SG

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mouse ES (embryonic stem) cells maintain pluripotency with robust proliferation in vitro. ES cells share some similarities with cancer cells, such as anchorage-independent growth, loss of contact inhibition and tumour formation. After differentiation, ES cells lose pluripotency and tumorigenicity. Recent studies showe...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Takahashi K,Murakami M,Yamanaka S

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in MYO7A (myosin VIIa) cause Usher syndrome type 1B, a disorder involving profound congenital deafness and progressive blindness. In the retina, most MYO7A is localized in the apical region of the RPE (retinal pigmented epithelial) cells, and a small amount is associated with the ciliary and periciliary memb...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Williams DS,Lopes VS

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AWAP IV constitutes the C-terminal domain of the larger 81 kDa protein AWAK [Avian WAP (whey acidic protein) domain- and Kunitz domain-containing], which is predicted, through conserved domain database searching, to contain at least four WAP domains and one Kunitz domain. RT (reverse transcription)-PCR analyses reveal...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Townes CL,Milona P,Hall J

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Based on recent theoretical results on optimal flux distributions in kinetic metabolic networks, we explore the congruences and differences between solutions of kinetic optimization problems and results obtained by constraint-based methods. We demonstrate that, for a certain resource allocation problem, kinetic optimi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Müller S,Regensburger G,Steuer R

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:African trypanosomes have plastic genomes with extensive variability at the chromosome ends. The genes encoding the expressed major surface protein of the infective bloodstream form stages of Trypanosoma brucei and are located at telomeres. These telomeric expression-site transcription units are turning out to be surp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rudenko G

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To maintain genomic stability, despite constant exposure to agents that damage DNA, eukaryotic cells have developed elaborate and highly conserved pathways of DNA damage sensing, signalling and repair. In this review, we concentrate mainly on what we know about DNA damage sensing with particular reference to Lcd1p, a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bradbury JM,Jackson SP

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CD4+ effector T cells effectuate T cell immune responses, producing cytokines to orchestrate the nature and type of immune responses. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase IL-2 inducible T cell kinase (ITK), a mediator of T cell Receptor signaling, plays a critical role in tuning the development of these effector cells. In...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Elmore JP,McGee MC,Nidetz NF,Anannya O,Huang W,August A

更新日期：2020-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The PDE4 (phosphodiesterase-4) enzyme family consists of a distinct array of N-terminal splice variant isoforms arising from four subfamily genes (4A, 4B, 4C and 4D). These all hydrolyse specifically the intracellular second messenger cAMP. Although identical in catalytic function, each isoform appears to serve a non-...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lynch MJ,Baillie GS,Houslay MD

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of proteins is inseparably linked to their function. Because most biological processes involve a number of different proteins, it may become impossible to study the evolutionary properties of proteins in isolation. In the present article, we show how simple mechanistic models of biological processes can ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Huvet M,Toni T,Tan H,Jovanovic G,Engl C,Buck M,Stumpf MP

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the Edmonton protocol, a number of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus have remained insulin-independent for prolonged periods of time. In spite of this success, transplantation of islets from cadaver donors will remain a therapy for very few patients owing to a lack of donors. Thus, if cell therapy should be...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Semb H

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:UBDs [Ub (ubiquitin)-binding domains], which are typically small protein motifs of <50 residues, are used by receptor proteins to transduce post-translational Ub modifications in a wide range of biological processes, including NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling and proteasomal degradation pathways. More than 20 fami...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Searle MS,Garner TP,Strachan J,Long J,Adlington J,Cavey JR,Shaw B,Layfield R

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the effects of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by the stimulation of the NO-sensitive GC (guanylate cyclase) and the subsequent increase in cGMP formation. The enzyme contains a prosthetic haem group, which mediates NO stimulation. In addition to the physiological activator NO, NO-sensit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Koesling D,Mullershausen F,Lange A,Friebe A,Mergia E,Wagner C,Russwurm M

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delineating the molecular pathways underlying seizure-induced neuronal death may yield novel strategies for brain protection against prolonged or repetitive seizures. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and necrosis is a primary contributing mechanism but seizures also activate programmed (apoptotic) cell death pathways...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Henshall DC

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptide-bond formation is the enzymatic activity of the ribosome. The catalytic site is made up of ribosomal RNA, indicating that the ribosome is a ribozyme. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of peptide bond formation. The results of biochemical and kinetic experiments, mutagene...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rodnina MV,Beringer M,Bieling P

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucotoxicity plays a major role in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis and diabetes progression, but the factors involved have remained largely unknown. Our recent studies have identified TXNIP (thioredoxin-interacting protein) as a novel pro-apoptotic beta-cell factor that is induced by glucose, suggesting that TXNIP may...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shalev A

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that associate with certain family-B GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Specifically for the CT (calcitonin) receptor-like receptor and the CT receptor, this results in profound changes in ligand binding and receptor pharmacology, al...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Conner AC,Simms J,Hay DL,Mahmoud K,Howitt SG,Wheatley M,Poyner DR

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeting of estrogen receptor is commonly used as a first-line treatment for hormone-positive breast cancer patients, and is considered as a keystone of systemic cancer therapy. Likewise, HER2-targeted therapy significantly improved the survival of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, indicating that targeted therap...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lev S

更新日期：2020-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe primarily detects glucose via a cAMP-signalling pathway. Components of this pathway include the Git3 G-protein-coupled receptor and a heterotrimeric G-protein, from which the Gpa2 Galpha subunit activates adenylate cyclase (Git2/Cyr1). Three additional proteins, Git1, Git7 a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hoffman CS

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an impressive array of information about the structure, function and interactions of proteins. In recent years, many new developments have been in the field of native MS and these exemplify a new coming of age of this field. In this mini review, we connect the latest methodological and ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Allison TM,Bechara C

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:In order for cells to divide in a proficient manner, they must first double their biomass, which is considered to be the main rate-limiting phase of cell proliferation. Cell growth requires an abundance of energy and biosynthetic precursors such as lipids and amino acids. Consequently, the energy and nutrient status o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dunlop EA,Tee AR

更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Plant chloroplasts contain an intricate photosynthetic membrane system, the thylakoids, and are surrounded by two envelope membranes at which thylakoid lipids are assembled. The glycoglycerolipids mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol as well as phosphatidylglycerol, are present in th...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wang Z,Benning C

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most research strategies for cartilage tissue engineering use extended culture with complex media loaded with costly GFs (growth factors) to drive tissue assembly and yet they result in the production of cartilage with inferior mechanical and structural properties compared with the natural tissue. Recent evidence sugg...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ayerst BI,Day AJ,Nurcombe V,Cool SM,Merry CL

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00