Abstract:
:The collagens of vertebrates may be divided into three groups according to chain size and whether or not the helical domains are continuous. Present evidence suggests that, at least within one of these groups, similarity between collagens is reflected in the organization of the genes that encode them. Early evidence suggested that collagen genes evolved on the basis of exons which are multiples of a primordial building block of 54 bp, separated by much larger introns. This model of collagen gene evolution is contradicted by the recent discovery of a collagen gene with a single long open reading frame.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Dalgleish Rdoi
10.1042/bst0160661subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1988-10-01 00:00:00pages
661-3issue
5eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::DNA damage is one of the most acute threats to cellular homeostasis and life. The cell responds to such damage by activating a vast array of responses, ranging from DNA repair to numerous signalling pathways, which temporarily slow down the cellular life cycle while the damage is being repaired. Sophisticated relays c...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290661
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Iron, copper and zinc are essential metals for cell metabolism. Plants have evolved different schemes to efficiently mobilize low-solubility nutrients such as metals from their environment and to transport them between organs. In this review we highlight the divergences and convergences of the iron, copper and zinc up...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0300766
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Classical tissue engineering is aimed mainly at producing anatomically and physiologically realistic replacements for normal human tissues. It is done either by encouraging cellular colonization of manufactured matrices or cellular recolonization of decellularized natural extracellular matrices from donor organs, or b...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20150289
更新日期:2016-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagosomes form in eukaryotic cells in response to starvation or to other stress conditions brought about by the unwanted presence in the cytosol of pathogens, damaged organelles or aggregated protein assemblies. The uniqueness of autophagosomes is that they form de novo and that they are the only double-membraned...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140183
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders in industrialized countries. NAFLD develops in the absence of alcohol abuse and encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders ranging from benign fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH often leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140138
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350281
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growth and differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) is a divergent member of the transforming growth factor-beta/bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) superfamily that is required for proper skeletal patterning and development in the vertebrate limb. Based on the homology of GDF-5 with other bone-inducing BMP family members, the i...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Glyoxalase- and methylglyoxal-related research has required the development of quantitative and reliable techniques for the measurement of methylglyoxal-derived glycation adducts of protein and DNA. There are also other glycation adducts, oxidation adducts and nitration adducts of proteins and oxidation adducts of DNA...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20140019
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Protein L is a multidomain cell-wall protein isolated from Peptostreptococcus magnus. It belongs to a group of proteins that contain repeated domains that are able to bind to Igs without stimulating an immune response, the most characterized of this group being Protein A ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and Protein G ( Strep...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310716
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The XMAP215 (Xenopus microtubule-associated protein 215) and CLASP [CLIP-170 (cytoskeletal linker protein 170) associated protein] microtubule plus end tracking families play central roles in the regulation of interphase microtubule dynamics and the proper formation of mitotic spindle architecture and flux. XMAP215 me...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0371002
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies of some proteins involved in the formation of focal adhesions are described. These include fibronectin, integrins, talin, Dok1 and filamin. Emphasis is placed on features that facilitate regulated assembly of complexes; these include a modular construction and flexible regions that provide interaction s...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0360263
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of small lipid-enclosed structures with myriad roles in physiology and disease. The recent surge of interest in EVs has led to greater understanding of their biology and appreciation of how they might be utilised as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. There remain, ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180112
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::The FG (female gametophyte) of flowering plants (angiosperms) is a simple highly polar structure composed of only a few cell types. The FG develops from a single cell through mitotic divisions to generate, depending on the species, four to 16 nuclei in a syncytium. These nuclei are then partitioned into three or four ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20140036
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are highly conserved chromatin-modifying complexes that implement gene silencing in higher eukaryotes. Thousands of genes and multiple developmental processes are regulated by PcG proteins. As the first chromatin modifier been identified in model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the methyltran...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200192
更新日期:2020-08-28 00:00:00
abstract::In nearly all somatic cells, the ribosome biosynthesis is a key activity. The same is true also for mammalian oocytes and early embryos. This activity is intimately linked to the most prominent nuclear organelles - the nucleoli. Interestingly, during a short period around fertilization, the nucleoli in oocytes and emb...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20190847
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::TLR8 (Toll-like receptor 8) is activated by ssRNAs (single-stranded RNAs) and synthetic imidazoquinoline compounds that resemble purines and have immunostimulatory activity. TLR8 agonists are particularly effective at inducing Th1-polarizing responses from human monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, with the magnitud...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351485
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breast cancer heterogeneity demands that prognostic models must be biologically driven and recent clinical evidence indicates that future prognostic signatures need evaluation in the context of early compared with late metastatic risk prediction. In pre-clinical studies, we and others have shown that various protein-p...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140165
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article reviews the progress of a personal endeavour to develop chromatography as a quantitative procedure for the determination of reaction stoichiometries and equilibrium constants governing protein interactions. As well as affording insight into an aspect of chromatography with which many protein chemists are ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311010
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is generally taken as an established fact that mitochondrial respiration is associated with the generation of small amounts of ROS (reactive oxygen species). There are many arguments supporting this side activity. A major argument is the particular physico-chemical configuration of dioxygen, which prevents the tran...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0311308
更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is an important tumour-suppressor gene that encodes a 3-phosphatase. The major substrate of PTEN is PIP(3) (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) generated by the action of PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases). Hereditary mutation of PTEN causes tumour...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350172
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plant and metazoan, Polycomb Group (PcG) proteins play key roles in regulating developmental processes by repression of gene expression. PcG proteins function as multi-protein complexes; among them the best characterized ones are Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) and PRC2. PRC2 catalyzes histone H3 lysine 27 tri...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20170576
更新日期:2018-08-20 00:00:00
abstract::The identification of nitric oxide-bound leghaemoglobin within soya bean nodules has led to the question of how Bradyrhizobium japonicum bacteroids overcome the toxicity of this nitric oxide. It has previously been shown that one candidate for nitric oxide detoxification, the respiratory nitric oxide reductase, is exp...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0340195
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evidence indicates that leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) controls multiple processes in neurons and glia cells. Deregulated LRRK2 activity due to gene mutation represents the most common cause of autosomal dominant Parkinson's disease (PD). Protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated signaling is a key regulator of brain func...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20160396
更新日期:2017-02-08 00:00:00
abstract::The Cat family of genes have revealed unexpected complexity and regulation. The first 5 years of research have been productive, yet many important questions remain to be addressed. A major problem for the field of amino acid transport is a severe paucity of data on the structure of these proteins and their arrangement...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0240846
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Escherichia coli FtsK is a septum-located DNA translocase that co-ordinates the late stages of cytokinesis and chromosome segregation. Relatives of FtsK are present in most bacteria; in Bacillus subtilis, the FtsK orthologue, SpoIIIE, transfers the majority of a chromosome into the forespore during sporulation. DNA tr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380395
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mammalian peroxisomes degrade fatty carboxylates via two pathways, beta-oxidation and, as shown more recently, alpha-oxidation. The latter process consists of an activation step, followed by a hydroxylation at position 2 and cleavage of the 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA, generating formyl-CoA (precursor of formate/CO(2)) and, in ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/0300-5127:0290292
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in developed countries such as the U.K., but incidence rates around the world vary approx. 20-fold. Diet is thought to be a key factor determining risk: red and processed meat, but not white meat or fish, are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351355
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is a repressive regulator of alternative splicing. We have investigated the role of PTB in three model alternative splicing systems. In the alpha-actinin gene, PTB represses the SM (smooth muscle) exon by binding to key sites in the polypyrimidine tract. Repressive binding to...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0330457
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemical features of renin have been studied. Determination of the amino acid sequence and catalytically essential groups in the active sites of mouse submandibular gland revealed the similarity of renin with acid proteases. Yet stringent substrate specificity, neutral pH optimum of its enzyme activity and the uniq...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0120951
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::UBDs [Ub (ubiquitin)-binding domains], which are typically small protein motifs of <50 residues, are used by receptor proteins to transduce post-translational Ub modifications in a wide range of biological processes, including NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) signalling and proteasomal degradation pathways. More than 20 fami...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20110729
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00