Evolution and metabolic significance of the urea cycle in photosynthetic diatoms.

abstract：:An analysis of 15 protein structures indicates: First, the loss of accessible surface area by monomeric proteins on folding-proportional to hydrophobic energy-is a simple function of molecular weight; second, the proportion of polar groups forming intramolecular hydrogen bonds is constant; and third, protein interiors...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chothia C

更新日期：1975-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations of cometary nuclei have revealed a very limited amount of surface water ice, which is insufficient to explain the observed water outgassing. This was clearly demonstrated on comet 9P/Tempel 1, where the dust jets (driven by volatiles) were only partially correlated with the exposed ice regions. The observ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： De Sanctis MC,Capaccioni F,Ciarniello M,Filacchione G,Formisano M,Mottola S,Raponi A,Tosi F,Bockelée-Morvan D,Erard S,Leyrat C,Schmitt B,Ammannito E,Arnold G,Barucci MA,Combi M,Capria MT,Cerroni P,Ip WH,Kuehrt E,M

更新日期：2015-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The ethics of biological research, and its general impact, are hotly debated in the West. Japanese silence on the issues is counterproductive. Will the Human Genome Project provide the catalyst for change? ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Macer D

更新日期：1992-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Haematopoiesis is a developmental cascade that generates all blood cell lineages in health and disease. This process relies on quiescent haematopoietic stem cells capable of differentiating, self renewing and expanding upon physiological demand. However, the mechanisms that regulate haematopoietic stem cell homeostasi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fonseca-Pereira D,Arroz-Madeira S,Rodrigues-Campos M,Barbosa IA,Domingues RG,Bento T,Almeida AR,Ribeiro H,Potocnik AJ,Enomoto H,Veiga-Fernandes H

更新日期：2014-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Luteijn RD,Zaver SA,Gowen BG,Wyman SK,Garelis NE,Onia L,McWhirter SM,Katibah GE,Corn JE,Woodward JJ,Raulet DH

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain cell fate decisions are specified by cell-cell interactions during the development of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. For example, in a wild-type hermaphrodite gonad, two cells, Z1.ppp and Z4.aaa, have the potential to become the anchor cell (AC). Intercellular communication establishes their fates and en...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Greenwald I,Seydoux G

更新日期：1990-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:The halo of the Milky Way provides a laboratory to study the properties of the shocked hot gas that is predicted by models of galaxy formation. There is observational evidence of energy injection into the halo from past activity in the nucleus of the Milky Way1-4; however, the origin of this energy (star formation or ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Predehl P,Sunyaev RA,Becker W,Brunner H,Burenin R,Bykov A,Cherepashchuk A,Chugai N,Churazov E,Doroshenko V,Eismont N,Freyberg M,Gilfanov M,Haberl F,Khabibullin I,Krivonos R,Maitra C,Medvedev P,Merloni A,Nandra K,N

更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Groundwater drawn daily from shallow alluvial sands by millions of wells over large areas of south and southeast Asia exposes an estimated population of over a hundred million people to toxic levels of arsenic. Holocene aquifers are the source of widespread arsenic poisoning across the region. In contrast, Pleistocene...

journal_title：Nature

authors： van Geen A,Bostick BC,Pham TK,Vi ML,Nguyen-Ngoc M,Phu DM,Pham HV,Radloff K,Aziz Z,Mey JL,Stahl MO,Harvey CF,Oates P,Weinman B,Stengel C,Frei F,Kipfer R,Berg M

更新日期：2013-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Ordinarily, photons do not interact with one another. However, atoms can be used to mediate photonic interactions1,2, raising the prospect of forming synthetic materials3 and quantum information systems4-7 from photons. One promising approach combines highly excited Rydberg atoms8-12 with the enhanced light-matter cou...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clark LW,Jia N,Schine N,Baum C,Georgakopoulos A,Simon J

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enhancers are cis-acting control elements which can stimulate at a distance the activity of a variety of eukaryotic promoters. First identified as a repeated 72 base pair (bp) sequence upstream of the simian virus 40 (SV40) early gene promoter, enhancers have since been shown to be associated with numerous other viral...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Herr W,Gluzman Y

更新日期：1985-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:T-lymphocyte co-recognition of antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded molecules (such as murine Ia molecules) is thought to be mediated by a single cell-surface receptor, although the molecular mechanism by which this occurs is controversial (reviewed in ref. 1). One possibility is that the antigen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ashwell JD,Schwartz RH

更新日期：1986-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Targeted gene disruption in the mouse shows that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene plays a critical role in patterning of vertebrate embryonic tissues, including the brain and spinal cord, the axial skeleton and the limbs. Early defects are observed in the establishment or maintenance of midline structures, such as the no...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chiang C,Litingtung Y,Lee E,Young KE,Corden JL,Westphal H,Beachy PA

更新日期：1996-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurotransmitters glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmit synaptic signals by activating fast-acting ligand-gated ion channels and more slowly acting G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The GPCRs for these neurotransmitters, metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) and GABAB receptors, are atypical GPCRs with a la...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pin JP,Bettler B

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA sequences have been analysed using models, such as an n-step Markov chain, that incorporate the possibility of short-range nucleotide correlations. We propose here a method for studying the stochastic properties of nucleotide sequences by constructing a 1:1 map of the nucleotide sequence onto a walk, which we term...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peng CK,Buldyrev SV,Goldberger AL,Havlin S,Sciortino F,Simons M,Stanley HE

更新日期：1992-03-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Comprehensive protein protein interaction maps promise to reveal many aspects of the complex regulatory network underlying cellular function. Recently, large-scale approaches have predicted many new protein interactions in yeast. To measure their accuracy and potential as well as to identify biases, strengths and weak...

journal_title：Nature

authors： von Mering C,Krause R,Snel B,Cornell M,Oliver SG,Fields S,Bork P

更新日期：2002-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Many tissues including blood, skin, gut and germ cells are continuously maintained by tissue stem cells. Under certain conditions, however, other organs can undergo repair using stem-cell-like progenitors generated by cell de-differentiation. Cell fates have been broadened experimentally, but mechanisms allowing de-di...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kai T,Spradling A

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The growth of blood vessels (a process known as angiogenesis) is essential for organ growth and repair. An imbalance in this process contributes to numerous malignant, inflammatory, ischaemic, infectious and immune disorders. Recently, the first anti-angiogenic agents have been approved for the treatment of cancer and...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carmeliet P

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Expansion of anthropogenic noise and night lighting across our planet1,2 is of increasing conservation concern3-6. Despite growing knowledge of physiological and behavioural responses to these stimuli from single-species and local-scale studies, whether these pollutants affect fitness is less clear, as is how and why ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Senzaki M,Barber JR,Phillips JN,Carter NH,Cooper CB,Ditmer MA,Fristrup KM,McClure CJW,Mennitt DJ,Tyrrell LP,Vukomanovic J,Wilson AA,Francis CD

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We often face alternatives that we are free to choose between. Planning movements to select an alternative involves several areas in frontal and parietal cortex that are anatomically connected into long-range circuits. These areas must coordinate their activity to select a common movement goal, but how neural circuits...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pesaran B,Nelson MJ,Andersen RA

更新日期：2008-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lewis-Jones H

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. Here we use single-molecule and bulk...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sternberg SH,Redding S,Jinek M,Greene EC,Doudna JA

更新日期：2014-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Wrists, ankles and digits distinguish tetrapod limbs from fins, but direct evidence on the origin of these features has been unavailable. Here we describe the pectoral appendage of a member of the sister group of tetrapods, Tiktaalik roseae, which is morphologically and functionally transitional between a fin and a li...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shubin NH,Daeschler EB,Jenkins FA Jr

更新日期：2006-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Piwi-associated RNAs (piRNAs), a specific class of 24- to 30-nucleotide-long RNAs produced by the Piwi-type of Argonaute proteins, have a specific germline function in repressing transposable elements. This repression is thought to involve heterochromatin formation and transcriptional and post-transcriptional silencin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rouget C,Papin C,Boureux A,Meunier AC,Franco B,Robine N,Lai EC,Pelisson A,Simonelig M

更新日期：2010-10-28 00:00:00

abstract：:About one-third of the carbon dioxide (CO(2)) released into the atmosphere as a result of human activity has been absorbed by the oceans, where it partitions into the constituent ions of carbonic acid. This leads to ocean acidification, one of the major threats to marine ecosystems and particularly to calcifying organ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beaufort L,Probert I,de Garidel-Thoron T,Bendif EM,Ruiz-Pino D,Metzl N,Goyet C,Buchet N,Coupel P,Grelaud M,Rost B,Rickaby RE,de Vargas C

更新日期：2011-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite germ line, sperm and then oocytes are made from a common pool of germ-cell precursors. The decision to differentiate as a sperm or an oocyte is regulated by the sex-determining gene, fem-3. Expression of fem-3 in the hermaphrodite germ line directs spermatogenesis and must b...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ahringer J,Kimble J

更新日期：1991-01-24 00:00:00

abstract：:When chemical reactions whose rate increases with the concentration of a product species are carried out in imperfectly mixed systems, a variety of complex behaviours can occur. These phenomena, which have relevance for biological processes as well, include chaotic and stochastic behaviour and selection of one final s...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Epstein IR

更新日期：1995-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligonucleotide and complementary DNA microarrays are being used to subclassify histologically similar tumours, monitor disease progress, and individualize treatment regimens. However, extracting new biological insight from high-throughput genomic studies of human diseases is a challenge, limited by difficulties in re...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Calvano SE,Xiao W,Richards DR,Felciano RM,Baker HV,Cho RJ,Chen RO,Brownstein BH,Cobb JP,Tschoeke SK,Miller-Graziano C,Moldawer LL,Mindrinos MN,Davis RW,Tompkins RG,Lowry SF,Inflamm and Host Response to Injury Large Scale

更新日期：2005-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A major component of the large genomes of higher plants and vertebrates comprises transposable elements and their derivatives, which potentially reduce the stability of the genome. It has been proposed that methylation of cytosine residues may suppress transposition, but experimental evidence for this has been limited...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Miura A,Yonebayashi S,Watanabe K,Toyama T,Shimada H,Kakutani T

更新日期：2001-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient long-distance quantum teleportation is crucial for quantum communication and quantum networking schemes. Here we describe the high-fidelity teleportation of photons over a distance of 600 metres across the River Danube in Vienna, with the optimal efficiency that can be achieved using linear optics. Our resul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ursin R,Jennewein T,Aspelmeyer M,Kaltenbaek R,Lindenthal M,Walther P,Zeilinger A

更新日期：2004-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Mecsas and colleagues suggest that a deficiency in the chemokine receptor CCR5 in humans is unlikely to confer protection against plague, based on their study of Yersinia pestis infection in Ccr5-deficient mice. They were testing the hypothesis that a mutation in the CCR5 gene, frequently found in Caucasians, may have...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Elvin SJ,Williamson ED,Scott JC,Smith JN,Pérez De Lema G,Chilla S,Clapham P,Pfeffer K,Schlöndorff D,Luckow B

更新日期：2004-07-22 00:00:00