The consequences of imperfect mixing in autocatalytic chemical and biological systems.

abstract：:Naive lymphocytes continually enter and exit lymphoid organs in a recirculation process that is essential for immune surveillance. During immune responses, the egress process can be shut down transiently. When this occurs locally it increases lymphocyte numbers in the responding lymphoid organ; when it occurs systemic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shiow LR,Rosen DB,Brdicková N,Xu Y,An J,Lanier LL,Cyster JG,Matloubian M

更新日期：2006-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Activity-induced changes in the efficacy of synaptic transmission between neurones are central to several prominent theories of learning. In both in vivo and in vitro preparations of the hippocampus, a conditioning high-frequency stimulus delivered to afferent fibres results in a long-term potentiation of synaptic tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Malinow R,Miller JP

更新日期：1986-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In 2001 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projected the contribution to sea level rise from the Greenland ice sheet to be between -0.02 and +0.09 m from 1990 to 2100 (ref. 1). However, recent work has suggested that the ice sheet responds more quickly to climate perturbations than previously thought, parti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Velicogna I,Wahr J

更新日期：2006-09-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Some Pacific island societies, such as those of Easter Island and Mangareva, inadvertently contributed to their own collapse by causing massive deforestation. Others retained forest cover and survived. How can those fateful differences be explained? Although the answers undoubtedly involve both different cultural resp...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rolett B,Diamond J

更新日期：2004-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cyranoski D

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of cells to form cell contacts, adhere to the extracellular matrix, change morphology, and migrate is essential for development, wound healing, metastasis, cell survival and the immune response. These events depend on the binding of integrin to the extracellular matrix, and assembly of focal adhesions, whi...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ling K,Doughman RL,Firestone AJ,Bunce MW,Anderson RA

更新日期：2002-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibitory neurotransmission mediated by GABA(A) receptors can be modulated by the endogenous neurosteroids, allopregnanolone and tetrahydro-deoxycorticosterone. Neurosteroids are synthesized de novo in the brain during stress, pregnancyand after ethanol consumption, and disrupted steroid regulation of GABAergic trans...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hosie AM,Wilkins ME,da Silva HM,Smart TG

更新日期：2006-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:How black holes accrete surrounding matter is a fundamental yet unsolved question in astrophysics. It is generally believed that matter is absorbed into black holes via accretion disks, the state of which depends primarily on the mass-accretion rate. When this rate approaches the critical rate (the Eddington limit), t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kimura M,Isogai K,Kato T,Ueda Y,Nakahira S,Shidatsu M,Enoto T,Hori T,Nogami D,Littlefield C,Ishioka R,Chen YT,King SK,Wen CY,Wang SY,Lehner MJ,Schwamb ME,Wang JH,Zhang ZW,Alcock C,Axelrod T,Bianco FB,Byun YI,

更新日期：2016-01-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a dipeptidyl carboxy-peptidase that generates the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II and inactivates the vasodilating peptide bradykinin. The gene encoding ACE is composed of two homologous regions and codes for both a somatic and testis isoenzyme. Experiments with hypertens...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Krege JH,John SW,Langenbach LL,Hodgin JB,Hagaman JR,Bachman ES,Jennette JC,O'Brien DA,Smithies O

更新日期：1995-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulatory aspects of the Warnock Committee's report on reproductive technologies are summarized. A licensing authority with "substantial lay representation" would license practitioners and approve experimentation. Artificial insemination by donor would become a regulated service, and resulting children would be leg...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：1984-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanoscale electronic devices made from carbon nanotubes, such as transistors and sensors, are much smaller and more versatile than those that rely on conventional microelectronic chips, but their development for mass production has been thwarted by difficulties in aligning and integrating the millions of nanotubes req...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Rao SG,Huang L,Setyawan W,Hong S

更新日期：2003-09-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Secretory-protein translocation into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is thought to be catalysed by integral membrane proteins. Genetic selections uncovered three Saccharomyces cerevisiae genes (SEC61, SEC62 and SEC63), mutations in which block import of precursor proteins into the ER lumen in vivo and in vitro. The DNA...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Deshaies RJ,Sanders SL,Feldheim DA,Schekman R

更新日期：1991-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that is important in adipocyte differentiation and glucose homeostasis and which depends on interactions with co-activators, including steroid receptor co-activating factor-1 (SRC-1). Here we present the X-ray ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nolte RT,Wisely GB,Westin S,Cobb JE,Lambert MH,Kurokawa R,Rosenfeld MG,Willson TM,Glass CK,Milburn MV

更新日期：1998-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Poly(dA).poly(dT) has unusual properties in that it cannot associate into nucleosomes and short, phased runs of it cause DNA bending. The crystal structure of a B-type DNA dodecamer containing a homopolymeric run of six A.T base pairs shows that this region possesses special structural features, including a system of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nelson HC,Finch JT,Luisi BF,Klug A

更新日期：1987-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Alternative splicing of eukaryotic messenger RNA precursors is now known to be of widespread importance in generating multiple transcripts from a single gene. This phenomenon has emphasized the problem of the way in which splice sites are selected; recent studies have discussed the role of secondary structure or affin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Eperon LP,Estibeiro JP,Eperon IC

更新日期：1986-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Transitive inference (TI) involves using known relationships to deduce unknown ones (for example, using A > B and B > C to infer A > C), and is thus essential to logical reasoning. First described as a developmental milestone in children, TI has since been reported in nonhuman primates, rats and birds. Still, how anim...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Grosenick L,Clement TS,Fernald RD

更新日期：2007-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Support-free high-speed countercurrent liquid chromatography provides a rich domain of applications, some beyond reach of conventional liquid chromatography. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ito Y

更新日期：1987-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Multicomponent reactions are relied on in both academic and industrial synthetic organic chemistry owing to their step- and atom-economy advantages over traditional synthetic sequences1. Recently, bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane (BCP) motifs have become valuable as pharmaceutical bioisosteres of benzene rings, and in particular...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang X,Smith RT,Le C,McCarver SJ,Shireman BT,Carruthers NI,MacMillan DWC

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In Dictyostelium discoideum, carbohydrate binding proteins (CBPs) or lectins have been implicated in the molecular basis of cellular cohesion. To determine the role of these CBPs, we have attempted to isolate structural gene mutants in which the CBPs have a defective affinity for carbohydrate ligands. We now report th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ray J,Shinnick T,Lerner R

更新日期：1979-05-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals learn that a tone can predict the occurrence of an electric shock through classical conditioning. Mice or rats trained in this manner display fear responses, such as freezing behaviour, when they hear the conditioned tone. Studies using amygdalectomized rats have shown that the amygdala is required for both th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Garcia R,Vouimba RM,Baudry M,Thompson RF

更新日期：1999-11-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Lipid-bilayer membranes supported on solid substrates are widely used as cell-surface models that connect biological and artificial materials. They can be placed either directly on solids or on ultrathin polymer supports that mimic the generic role of the extracellular matrix. The tools of modern genetic engineering a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tanaka M,Sackmann E

更新日期：2005-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a major pathogen in immunosuppressed individuals, including patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The nucleoside analogue ganciclovir (9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)-guanine) is one of the few drugs available to treat HCMV infections, but resistant virus is a growing pro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sullivan V,Talarico CL,Stanat SC,Davis M,Coen DM,Biron KK

更新日期：1992-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The extent to which evolution is reversible has long fascinated biologists. Most previous work on the reversibility of morphological and life-history evolution has been indecisive, because of uncertainty and bias in the methods used to infer ancestral states for such characters. Further, despite theoretical work on th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bridgham JT,Ortlund EA,Thornton JW

更新日期：2009-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:A short, 14-amino-acid segment called SP1, located in the Gag structural protein1, has a critical role during the formation of the HIV-1 virus particle. During virus assembly, the SP1 peptide and seven preceding residues fold into a six-helix bundle, which holds together the Gag hexamer and facilitates the formation o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dick RA,Zadrozny KK,Xu C,Schur FKM,Lyddon TD,Ricana CL,Wagner JM,Perilla JR,Ganser-Pornillos BK,Johnson MC,Pornillos O,Vogt VM

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The induction of polyarthritis in rats by intradermal immunisation with homologous or heterologous type II collagen incomplete or incomplete Freund's adjuvant was reported recently by Trentham et al. We have now produced a similar disease in certain strains of mice. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Courtenay JS,Dallman MJ,Dayan AD,Martin A,Mosedale B

更新日期：1980-02-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Improvement in the clinical outcome of lung cancer is likely to be achieved by identification of the molecular events that underlie its pathogenesis. Here we show that a small inversion within chromosome 2p results in the formation of a fusion gene comprising portions of the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-l...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Soda M,Choi YL,Enomoto M,Takada S,Yamashita Y,Ishikawa S,Fujiwara S,Watanabe H,Kurashina K,Hatanaka H,Bando M,Ohno S,Ishikawa Y,Aburatani H,Niki T,Sohara Y,Sugiyama Y,Mano H

更新日期：2007-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism (AR-JP) is an early-onset form of Parkinson's disease characterized by motor disturbances and dopaminergic neurodegeneration. To address its underlying molecular pathogenesis, we generated and characterized loss-of-function mutants of Drosophila PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Park J,Lee SB,Lee S,Kim Y,Song S,Kim S,Bae E,Kim J,Shong M,Kim JM,Chung J

更新日期：2006-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In Drosophila and mice, olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) expressing the same receptors have convergent axonal projections to specific glomerular targets in the antennal lobe/olfactory bulb, creating an odour map in this first olfactory structure of the central nervous system. Projection neurons of the Drosophila ante...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jefferis GS,Marin EC,Stocker RF,Luo L

更新日期：2001-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear envelope defines a compartment boundary which is penetrated by pores that mediate a remarkable transport process. Precursor RNAs are retained in the nucleus, while processed messenger RNA, transfer RNA and ribosomal subunits are transported to the cytoplasm. Proteins destined for the nucleus become localiz...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Goldfarb DS,Gariépy J,Schoolnik G,Kornberg RD

更新日期：1986-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Bioluminescent symbioses range from facultative associations to highly adapted, apparently obligate ones. The family Anomalopidae (flashlight fishes) encompasses five genera of tropical reef fishes that have large suborbital light organs. The suborder Ceratioidei (deep-sea anglerfishes) contains 11 families. In nine o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Haygood MG,Distel DL

更新日期：1993-05-13 00:00:00