Fish can infer social rank by observation alone.

abstract：:Satellite observations have transformed our understanding of the Antarctic cryosphere. The continent holds the vast majority of Earth's fresh water, and blankets swathes of the Southern Hemisphere in ice. Reductions in the thickness and extent of floating ice shelves have disturbed inland ice, triggering retreat, acce...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shepherd A,Fricker HA,Farrell SL

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Global efforts to mitigate climate change are guided by projections of future temperatures. But the eventual equilibrium global mean temperature associated with a given stabilization level of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations remains uncertain, complicating the setting of stabilization targets to avoid potenti...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Allen MR,Frame DJ,Huntingford C,Jones CD,Lowe JA,Meinshausen M,Meinshausen N

更新日期：2009-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Change history: In Fig. 1b and c of this Letter, the inset times in the DIC and GFP microscopy images should be in minutes ('min') instead of seconds ('s'). This has not been corrected online. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Stewart MP,Helenius J,Toyoda Y,Ramanathan SP,Muller DJ,Hyman AA

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the era of precision cosmology, it is essential to determine the Hubble constant empirically with an accuracy of one per cent or better1. At present, the uncertainty on this constant is dominated by the uncertainty in the calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relationship2,3 (also known as the Leavitt law). ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pietrzyński G,Graczyk D,Gallenne A,Gieren W,Thompson IB,Pilecki B,Karczmarek P,Górski M,Suchomska K,Taormina M,Zgirski B,Wielgórski P,Kołaczkowski Z,Konorski P,Villanova S,Nardetto N,Kervella P,Bresolin F,Kudritzki RP

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The embryos and larvae of stalked crinoids, which are considered the most basal group of extant echinoderms, have not previously been described. In contrast, much is known about the development of the more accessible stalkless crinoids (feather stars), which are phylogenetically derived from stalked forms. Here we des...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nakano H,Hibino T,Oji T,Hara Y,Amemiya S

更新日期：2003-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Microbiome-wide association studies have established that numerous diseases are associated with changes in the microbiota. These studies typically generate a long list of commensals implicated as biomarkers of disease, with no clear relevance to disease pathogenesis. If the field is to move beyond correlations and beg...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Surana NK,Kasper DL

更新日期：2017-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about metabolic regulation in stem cells and how this modulates tissue regeneration or tumour suppression. We studied the Lkb1 tumour suppressor and its substrate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), kinases that coordinate metabolism with cell growth. Deletion of the Lkb1 (also called Stk11) gene in m...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nakada D,Saunders TL,Morrison SJ

更新日期：2010-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) is essential for normal cell function, and controlled changes in pHi may play a central role in cell activation. Sodium-dependent Cl-HCO3 exchange is the dominant mechanism of pHi regulation in the invertebrate cells examined, and also occurs in mammalian cells. The transporter...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Boron WF,Hogan E,Russell JM

更新日期：1988-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA synthetic (S) phase of cell division is about twice as long in human basal cell carcinoma (BCC) as the normal epidermis and several non-malignant skin diseases. A similar increase in S phase duration seems to occur in tumours of the human oesophagus, larynx and recto-colon. At the molecular level, the overall ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Heenen M,Galand P

更新日期：1980-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Spontaneous symmetry breaking plays a key role in our understanding of nature. In relativistic quantum field theory, a broken continuous symmetry leads to the emergence of two types of fundamental excitation: massless Nambu-Goldstone modes and a massive 'Higgs' amplitude mode. An excitation of Higgs type is of crucial...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Endres M,Fukuhara T,Pekker D,Cheneau M,Schauss P,Gross C,Demler E,Kuhr S,Bloch I

更新日期：2012-07-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian cells proteolytically release (shed) the extracellular domains of many cell-surface proteins. Modification of the cell surface in this way can alter the cell's responsiveness to its environment and release potent soluble regulatory factors. The release of soluble tumour-necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Black RA,Rauch CT,Kozlosky CJ,Peschon JJ,Slack JL,Wolfson MF,Castner BJ,Stocking KL,Reddy P,Srinivasan S,Nelson N,Boiani N,Schooley KA,Gerhart M,Davis R,Fitzner JN,Johnson RS,Paxton RJ,March CJ,Cerretti DP

更新日期：1997-02-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects against oxidative damage by dismuting the superoxide radical O2-. to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide at the active-site Cu ion in a reaction that is rate-limited by diffusion and enhanced by electrostatic guidance. SOD has evolved to be one of the fastest en...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Getzoff ED,Cabelli DE,Fisher CL,Parge HE,Viezzoli MS,Banci L,Hallewell RA

更新日期：1992-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The type I interferon response protects cells against invading viral pathogens. The cellular factors that mediate this defence are the products of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Although hundreds of ISGs have been identified since their discovery more than 25 years ago, only a few have been characterized with res...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schoggins JW,Wilson SJ,Panis M,Murphy MY,Jones CT,Bieniasz P,Rice CM

更新日期：2011-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. Here we use single-molecule and bulk...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sternberg SH,Redding S,Jinek M,Greene EC,Doudna JA

更新日期：2014-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The alpha-like and beta-like globin genes have provided a paradigm for the study of molecular evolution and regulation of multigene families in eukaryotes. The human alpha-globin gene cluster, which is on chromosome 16 (ref. 1), consists of six genes arranged in the order 5'-zeta(embryonic)-psi zeta-psi alpha 2-psi al...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Marks J,Shaw JP,Shen CK

更新日期：1986-06-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane remodelling plays an important role in cellular tasks such as endocytosis, vesiculation and protein sorting, and in the biogenesis of organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum or the Golgi apparatus. It is well established that the remodelling process is aided by specialized proteins that can sense as well...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Reynwar BJ,Illya G,Harmandaris VA,Müller MM,Kremer K,Deserno M

更新日期：2007-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Palaeomagnetic measurements of meteorites suggest that, shortly after the birth of the Solar System, the molten metallic cores of many small planetary bodies convected vigorously and were capable of generating magnetic fields. Convection on these bodies is currently thought to have been thermally driven, implying that...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bryson JF,Nichols CI,Herrero-Albillos J,Kronast F,Kasama T,Alimadadi H,van der Laan G,Nimmo F,Harrison RJ

更新日期：2015-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The benzodiazepines are a class of drugs used to alleviate anxiety. As such they constitute one of the most commonly prescribed compounds, due in part to their efficacy and safety. The physiological effect of these drugs is probably through interactions with a low affinity benzodiazepine binding site and two (types 1 ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Barr GA,Lithgow T

更新日期：1983-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxygenic photosynthesis in plants, algae and cyanobacteria is initiated at photosystem II, a homodimeric multisubunit protein-cofactor complex embedded in the thylakoid membrane. Photosystem II captures sunlight and powers the unique photo-induced oxidation of water to atmospheric oxygen. Crystallographic investigatio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Loll B,Kern J,Saenger W,Zouni A,Biesiadka J

更新日期：2005-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex chromosomes in males of most eutherian mammals share only a small homologous segment, the pseudoautosomal region (PAR), in which the formation of double-strand breaks (DSBs), pairing and crossing over must occur for correct meiotic segregation1,2. How cells ensure that recombination occurs in the PAR is unknown. H...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Acquaviva L,Boekhout M,Karasu ME,Brick K,Pratto F,Li T,van Overbeek M,Kauppi L,Camerini-Otero RD,Jasin M,Keeney S

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies have shown that initial sensitization to airborne environmental allergens occurs typically in early childhood, but subsequent progression to persistent atopic asthma, which may not manifest for several years, is restricted to only a subset of atopics. The key to establishing the link between atopy and a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Holt PG,Macaubas C,Stumbles PA,Sly PD

更新日期：1999-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Midbrain dopamine neurons are activated by reward or sensory stimuli predicting reward. These excitatory responses increase as the reward value increases. This response property has led to a hypothesis that dopamine neurons encode value-related signals and are inhibited by aversive events. Here we show that this is tr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Matsumoto M,Hikosaka O

更新日期：2009-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding ice sheet behaviour in the geological past is essential for evaluating the role of the cryosphere in the climate system and for projecting rates and magnitudes of sea level rise in future warming scenarios1-4. Although both geological data5-7 and ice sheet models3,8 indicate that marine-based sectors of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wilson DJ,Bertram RA,Needham EF,van de Flierdt T,Welsh KJ,McKay RM,Mazumder A,Riesselman CR,Jimenez-Espejo FJ,Escutia C

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cancer control by adaptive immunity involves a number of defined death and clearance mechanisms. However, efficient inhibition of exponential cancer growth by T cells and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) requires additional undefined mechanisms that arrest cancer cell proliferation. Here we show that the combined action of the T-...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Braumüller H,Wieder T,Brenner E,Aßmann S,Hahn M,Alkhaled M,Schilbach K,Essmann F,Kneilling M,Griessinger C,Ranta F,Ullrich S,Mocikat R,Braungart K,Mehra T,Fehrenbacher B,Berdel J,Niessner H,Meier F,van den Broek M,

更新日期：2013-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate) reversibly inhibits the binding of (125)I-labelled epidermal growth factor (EGF) to treated mouse and human cells, but does not affect the binding of various other ligands to their membrane receptors. It alters the affinity of the receptors for EGF without changing the total...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shoyab M,De Larco JE,Todaro GJ

更新日期：1979-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Grishin E,Malamud U,Perets HB,Wandel O,Schäfer CM

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Integration of information between tyrosine kinase and G-protein-mediated pathways is necessary, but remains poorly understood. Here we use cells from transgenic mice harbouring inducible expression of RNA antisense to the gene encoding G ialpha2 to show that G ialpha2 is critical for insulin action. G ialpha2 deficie...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Moxham CM,Malbon CC

更新日期：1996-02-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The well known trade-off between hardness and toughness (resistance to fracture) makes simultaneous improvement of both properties challenging, especially in diamond. The hardness of diamond can be increased through nanostructuring strategies1,2, among which the formation of high-density nanoscale twins - crystalline ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yue Y,Gao Y,Hu W,Xu B,Wang J,Zhang X,Zhang Q,Wang Y,Ge B,Yang Z,Li Z,Ying P,Liu X,Yu D,Wei B,Wang Z,Zhou XF,Guo L,Tian Y

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gundem G,Van Loo P,Kremeyer B,Alexandrov LB,Tubio JMC,Papaemmanuil E,Brewer DS,Kallio HML,Hägnäs G,Annala M,Kivinummi K,Goody V,Latimer C,O'Meara S,Dawson KJ,Isaacs W,Emmert-Buck MR,Nykter M,Foster C,Kote-Jarai Z,

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A long-standing goal of artificial intelligence is an algorithm that learns, tabula rasa, superhuman proficiency in challenging domains. Recently, AlphaGo became the first program to defeat a world champion in the game of Go. The tree search in AlphaGo evaluated positions and selected moves using deep neural networks....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Silver D,Schrittwieser J,Simonyan K,Antonoglou I,Huang A,Guez A,Hubert T,Baker L,Lai M,Bolton A,Chen Y,Lillicrap T,Hui F,Sifre L,van den Driessche G,Graepel T,Hassabis D

更新日期：2017-10-18 00:00:00