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Faster superoxide dismutase mutants designed by enhancing electrostatic guidance.

Abstract：

:The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects against oxidative damage by dismuting the superoxide radical O2-. to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide at the active-site Cu ion in a reaction that is rate-limited by diffusion and enhanced by electrostatic guidance. SOD has evolved to be one of the fastest enzymes known (V(max) approximately 2 x 10(9) M-1 s-1). The new crystal structures of human SOD show that amino-acid site chains that are implicated in electrostatic guidance (Glu 132, Glu 133 and Lys 136) form a hydrogen-bonding network. Here we show that site-specific mutants that increase local positive charge while maintaining this orienting network (Glu----Gln) have faster reaction rates and increased ionic-strength dependence, matching brownian dynamics simulations incorporating electrostatic terms. Increased positive charge alone is insufficient: one charge reversal (Glu----Lys) mutant is slower than the equivalent charge neutralization (Glu----Gln) mutant, showing that the newly introduced positive charge disrupts the orienting network. Thus, electrostatically facilitated diffusion rates can be increased by design, provided the detailed structural integrity of the active-site electrostatic network is maintained.

journal_name

Nature

journal_title

Nature

authors

Getzoff ED,Cabelli DE,Fisher CL,Parge HE,Viezzoli MS,Banci L,Hallewell RA

doi

10.1038/358347a0

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

1992-07-23 00:00:00

pages

347-51

issue

6384

eissn

0028-0836

issn

1476-4687

journal_volume

358

pub_type

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