Abstract：
:The well known trade-off between hardness and toughness (resistance to fracture) makes simultaneous improvement of both properties challenging, especially in diamond. The hardness of diamond can be increased through nanostructuring strategies1,2, among which the formation of high-density nanoscale twins - crystalline regions related by symmetry - also toughens diamond2. In materials other than diamond, there are several other promising approaches to enhancing toughness in addition to nanotwinning3, such as bio-inspired laminated composite toughening4-7, transformation toughening8 and dual-phase toughening9, but there has been little research into such approaches in diamond. Here we report the structural characterization of a diamond composite hierarchically assembled with coherently interfaced diamond polytypes (different stacking sequences), interwoven nanotwins and interlocked nanograins. The architecture of the composite enhances toughness more than nanotwinning alone, without sacrificing hardness. Single-edge notched beam tests yield a toughness up to five times that of synthetic diamond10, even greater than that of magnesium alloys. When fracture occurs, a crack propagates through diamond nanotwins of the 3C (cubic) polytype along {111} planes, via a zigzag path. As the crack encounters regions of non-3C polytypes, its propagation is diffused into sinuous fractures, with local transformation into 3C diamond near the fracture surfaces. Both processes dissipate strain energy, thereby enhancing toughness. This work could prove useful in making superhard materials and engineering ceramics. By using structural architecture with synergetic effects of hardening and toughening, the trade-off between hardness and toughness may eventually be surmounted.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Yue Y,Gao Y,Hu W,Xu B,Wang J,Zhang X,Zhang Q,Wang Y,Ge B,Yang Z,Li Z,Ying P,Liu X,Yu D,Wei B,Wang Z,Zhou XF,Guo L,Tian Ydoi
10.1038/s41586-020-2361-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-06-01 00:00:00pages
370-374issue
7812eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
10.1038/s41586-020-2361-2journal_volume
582pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Copy number variants (CNVs) are major contributors to genetic disorders. We have dissected a region of the 16p11.2 chromosome--which encompasses 29 genes--that confers susceptibility to neurocognitive defects when deleted or duplicated. Overexpression of each human transcript in zebrafish embryos identified KCTD13 as ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11091
更新日期：2012-05-16 00:00:00
abstract：:Published data from X-ray telescopes are not adequate to reveal the fluctuations in the surface brightness of the background radiation caused by clustering or superclustering of the sources giving rise to the background. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/238020a0
更新日期：1972-07-07 00:00:00
abstract：:oop RNA, which is initiated at the po promoter and is 81 nucleotides long, can function as a leader sequence for the lambda immunity establishment transcription, previously believed to originate at a special promoter pre located in the y region. Thus, oop RNA seems to have a dual role, either favouring the lytic cycle...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/262112a0
更新日期：1976-07-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Oscillations in cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity drive the somatic cell cycle. After entry into mitosis, CDKs activate the anaphase-promoting complex (APC), which then promotes cyclin degradation and mitotic exit. The re-accumulation of cyclin A causes the inactivation of APC and entry into S phase, but how cycl...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03023
更新日期：2004-12-02 00:00:00
abstract：:A fundamental tenet of classical mendelian genetics is that allelic information is stably inherited from one generation to the next, resulting in predictable segregation patterns of differing alleles. Although several exceptions to this principle are known, all represent specialized cases that are mechanistically rest...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature03380
更新日期：2005-03-24 00:00:00
abstract：:In eukaryotes, accurate chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis maintains genome stability and prevents aneuploidy. Kinetochores are large protein complexes that, by assembling onto specialized Cenp-A nucleosomes1,2, function to connect centromeric chromatin to microtubules of the mitotic spindle3,4. Whereas the...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1609-1
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nucleotide sequence of the RNA polymerase binding site at a promotor on fd RF DNA has been determined in comparison with the starting sequence of RNA initiated at this promoter. The RNA polymerase binding site contained the startpoint of transcription in the centre and a region with twofold symmetry in the non-tra...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/253410a0
更新日期：1975-02-06 00:00:00
abstract：:The motility of the gastrointestinal tract consists of local, non-propulsive mixing (pendular or segmental) and propulsive (peristaltic) movements. It is generally considered that mixing movements are produced by intrinsic pacemakers which generate rhythmic contractions, and peristalsis by intrinsic excitatory and inh...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/19973
更新日期：1999-05-06 00:00:00
abstract：:In 1928, Dirac published an equation 1 that combined quantum mechanics and special relativity. Negative-energy solutions to this equation, rather than being unphysical as initially thought, represented a class of hitherto unobserved and unimagined particles-antimatter. The existence of particles of antimatter was conf...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0017-2
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pairwise recognition of splice sites as a result of a scanning mechanism is an attractive model to explain the coordination of vertebrate splicing. Such a mechanism would predict a polarity-of-site recognition in the scanned unit, but no evidence for a polarity gradient across introns has been found. We have suggested...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/360277a0
更新日期：1992-11-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Since 1814, when rubella was first described, the origins of the disease and its causative agent, rubella virus (Matonaviridae: Rubivirus), have remained unclear1. Here we describe ruhugu virus and rustrela virus in Africa and Europe, respectively, which are, to our knowledge, the first known relatives of rubella viru...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2812-9
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:With the world's focus on reducing our dependency on fossil-fuel energy, the scientific community can investigate new plastic materials that are much less dependent on petroleum than are conventional plastics. Given increasing environmental issues, the idea of replacing plastics with water-based gels, so-called hydrog...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature08693
更新日期：2010-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Eukaryotes and archaea use a protease called the proteasome that has an integral role in maintaining cellular function through the selective degradation of proteins. Proteolysis occurs in a barrel-shaped 20S core particle, which in Thermoplasma acidophilum is built from four stacked homoheptameric rings of subunits, α...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09444
更新日期：2010-10-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Plants encounter a myriad of microorganisms, particularly at the root-soil interface, that can invade with detrimental or beneficial outcomes. Prevalent beneficial associations between plants and microorganisms include those that promote plant growth by facilitating the acquisition of limiting nutrients such as nitrog...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature22009
更新日期：2017-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The determination of molecular masses from barometric sedimentation profiles, a main topic in ultracentrifugal analysis, is thought to be quantitatively correct for non-interacting particles. Whereas this expectation is justified for uncharged colloids or macromolecules at low volume fractions, early ultracentrifugati...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02672
更新日期：2004-06-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Early-life dietary transitions reflect fundamental aspects of primate evolution and are important determinants of health in contemporary human populations. Weaning is critical to developmental and reproductive rates; early weaning can have detrimental health effects but enables shorter inter-birth intervals, which inf...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12169
更新日期：2013-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：:Large-conductance Ca(2+)-gated K(+) (BK) channels are essential for many biological processes such as smooth muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. This group of channels can be activated synergistically by both voltage and intracellular Ca(2+), with the large carboxy-terminal intracellular portion being res...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09252
更新日期：2010-07-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Self-assembled polyhedral structures are common in biology. The coats of many viruses, for example, have a structure based on icosahedral symmetry. The preparation of synthetic polyhedral molecular assemblies represents a challenging problem, but supramolecular chemistry has now advanced to the point where the task ma...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/19740
更新日期：1999-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：:Distinctive acute brain damage involving limbic and related brain regions develops in adult rats following sustained limbic seizures induced by systemic administration of kainic acid or dipiperidinoethane (DPE) or by intra-amygdaloid injection of kainic acid or folic acid. This seizure-brain damage (S-BD) syndrome is ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/301520a0
更新日期：1983-02-10 00:00:00
abstract：:Truncation of the tumour suppressor adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc) constitutively activates the Wnt/beta-catenin signalling pathway. Apc has a role in development: for example, embryos of mice with truncated Apc do not complete gastrulation. To understand this role more fully, we examined the effect of truncated Apc...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02028
更新日期：2003-10-09 00:00:00
abstract：:The gal operon of Escherichia coli is controlled by two independent promotors--one is activated and the other inhibited by cyclic AMP and cyclic AMP receptor protein. The two promotors are modulated, however, by the same operator locus and receptor protein. ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/279492a0
更新日期：1979-06-07 00:00:00
abstract：:Tuberculosis (TB), caused by infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Efforts to control it are hampered by difficulties with diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Most people infected with M. tuberculosis remain asymptomatic, termed latent TB, with a 10% lifetim...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09247
更新日期：2010-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：:A fascinating question in biology is how molecular changes in developmental pathways lead to macroevolutionary changes in morphology. Mutations in homeotic (Hox) genes have long been suggested as potential causes of morphological evolution, and there is abundant evidence that some changes in Hox expression patterns co...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature716
更新日期：2002-02-21 00:00:00
abstract：:Globular star clusters that formed at the same cosmic time may have evolved rather differently from the dynamical point of view (because that evolution depends on the internal environment) through a variety of processes that tend progressively to segregate stars more massive than the average towards the cluster centre...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11686
更新日期：2012-12-20 00:00:00
abstract：:Any polarizable body placed in an inhomogeneous electric field experiences a dielectric force. This phenomenon is well known from the macroscopic world: a water jet is deflected when approached by a charged object. This fundamental mechanism is exploited in a variety of contexts-for example, trapping microscopic parti...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07932
更新日期：2009-04-23 00:00:00
abstract：:It is commonly assumed that certain features are so elementary to the visual system that they require no attentional resources to be perceived. Such 'preattentive' features are traditionally identified by visual search performance, in which the reaction time for detecting a feature difference against a set of distract...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/42940
更新日期：1997-06-19 00:00:00
abstract：:Leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) has a variety of effects on different cell types in vitro, inhibiting the differentiation of embryonic stem cells and promoting the survival and/or proliferation of primitive haematopoietic precursors and primordial germ cells. Here we show that LIF-deficient mice derived by gene targ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/363361a0
更新日期：1993-05-27 00:00:00
abstract：:Daily life continually confronts us with an exuberance of external, sensory stimuli competing with a rich stream of internal deliberations, plans and ruminations. The brain must select one or more of these for further processing. How this competition is resolved across multiple sensory and cognitive regions is not kno...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature09510
更新日期：2010-10-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The halo of the Milky Way provides a laboratory to study the properties of the shocked hot gas that is predicted by models of galaxy formation. There is observational evidence of energy injection into the halo from past activity in the nucleus of the Milky Way1-4; however, the origin of this energy (star formation or ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2979-0
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nuclear magic numbers correspond to fully occupied energy shells of protons or neutrons inside atomic nuclei. Doubly magic nuclei, with magic numbers for both protons and neutrons, are spherical and extremely rare across the nuclear landscape. Although the sequence of magic numbers is well established for stable nucle...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-1155-x
更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00
