Structural invariants in protein folding.

abstract：:Over the past 50 years there has been much speculation about the energetic cost of swimming and wave-riding by dolphins. When aligned properly in front of the bow of moving ships in the stern wake of small boats, on wind waves, and even in the wake of larger cetaceans, the animals appear to move effortlessly through t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Williams TM,Friedl WA,Fong ML,Yamada RM,Sedivy P,Haun JE

更新日期：1992-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:We have investigated age-related reactivation of the X chromosome by devising a model in which reactivation of a single gene in one cell among many can be identified. We have used mice with an X-autosomal translocation giving consistent non-random inactivation of the normal X (as judged by biochemical and cytogenetic ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wareham KA,Lyon MF,Glenister PH,Williams ED

更新日期：1987-06-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Haematopoietic stem cells drive blood production, but their population size and lifetime dynamics have not been quantified directly in humans. Here we identified 129,582 spontaneous, genome-wide somatic mutations in 140 single-cell-derived haematopoietic stem and progenitor colonies from a healthy 59-year-old man and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lee-Six H,Øbro NF,Shepherd MS,Grossmann S,Dawson K,Belmonte M,Osborne RJ,Huntly BJP,Martincorena I,Anderson E,O'Neill L,Stratton MR,Laurenti E,Green AR,Kent DG,Campbell PJ

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Convection is a fundamental physical process in the fluid cores of planets. It is the primary transport mechanism for heat and chemical species and the primary energy source for planetary magnetic fields. Key properties of convection-such as the characteristic flow velocity and length scale-are poorly quantified in pl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guervilly C,Cardin P,Schaeffer N

更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conjugate (or 1,4-) additions of carbanionic species to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are vital to research in organic and medicinal chemistry, and there are several chiral catalysts that facilitate the catalytic enantioselective additions of nucleophiles to enoates. Nonetheless, catalytic enantioselective 1,6-co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Meng F,Li X,Torker S,Shi Y,Shen X,Hoveyda AH

更新日期：2016-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the molecular basis of microtubule-associated motility during mitosis, the mechanochemical factors that generate the relevant motile force must be identified. Myosin, the ATPase that interacts with actin to produce the force for muscle contraction and other forms of cell motility, is believed to be invol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Scholey JM,Porter ME,Grissom PM,McIntosh JR

更新日期：1985-12-05 00:00:00

abstract：:To mediate its survival and virulence, the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum exports hundreds of proteins into the host erythrocyte. To enter the host cell, exported proteins must cross the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM) within which the parasite resides, but the mechanism remains unclear. A putative Pla...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beck JR,Muralidharan V,Oksman A,Goldberg DE

更新日期：2014-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:A major effect of insulin is to increase glucose transport in muscle and fat. A family of genes encoding distinct mammalian glucose transporters has recently been elucidated. One of these, the insulin-regulatable glucose transporter (IRGT), is primarily expressed in muscle and fat, tissues that exhibit insulin-depende...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Slot JW,Moxley R,Geuze HJ,James DE

更新日期：1990-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Deception is common in nature and humans are no exception. Modern societies have created institutions to control cheating, but many situations remain where only intrinsic honesty keeps people from cheating and violating rules. Psychological, sociological and economic theories suggest causal pathways to explain how the...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gächter S,Schulz JF

更新日期：2016-03-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of many T-cell functions depends on their interaction with antigen-presenting accessory cells which express I region associated (Ia) products. Cells expressing accessory cell function include those of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and dendritic cells. More recently, B cells and a number of tumour cell lin...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ramila G,Erb P

更新日期：1983-08-04 00:00:00

abstract：:An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Aveline DC,Williams JR,Elliott ER,Dutenhoffer C,Kellogg JR,Kohel JM,Lay NE,Oudrhiri K,Shotwell RF,Yu N,Thompson RJ

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:General alarm about genetics continues, fanned by the expectation that what may one day be possible will be a reality tomorrow. Moderation is the most urgent need, but understanding would also help. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：1994-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Pyroptosis is a form of cell death that is critical for immunity. It can be induced by the canonical caspase-1 inflammasomes or by activation of caspase-4, -5 and -11 by cytosolic lipopolysaccharide. The caspases cleave gasdermin D (GSDMD) in its middle linker to release autoinhibition on its gasdermin-N domain, which...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wang Y,Gao W,Shi X,Ding J,Liu W,He H,Wang K,Shao F

更新日期：2017-07-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Early-life dietary transitions reflect fundamental aspects of primate evolution and are important determinants of health in contemporary human populations. Weaning is critical to developmental and reproductive rates; early weaning can have detrimental health effects but enables shorter inter-birth intervals, which inf...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Austin C,Smith TM,Bradman A,Hinde K,Joannes-Boyau R,Bishop D,Hare DJ,Doble P,Eskenazi B,Arora M

更新日期：2013-06-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular spectroscopy offers opportunities for the exploration of the fundamental laws of nature and the search for new particle physics beyond the standard model1-4. Radioactive molecules-in which one or more of the atoms possesses a radioactive nucleus-can contain heavy and deformed nuclei, offering high sensitivit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Garcia Ruiz RF,Berger R,Billowes J,Binnersley CL,Bissell ML,Breier AA,Brinson AJ,Chrysalidis K,Cocolios TE,Cooper BS,Flanagan KT,Giesen TF,de Groote RP,Franchoo S,Gustafsson FP,Isaev TA,Koszorús Á,Neyens G,Perrett HA

更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome instability is central to ageing, cancer and other diseases. It is not only proteins involved in DNA replication or the DNA damage response (DDR) that are important for maintaining genome integrity: from yeast to higher eukaryotes, mutations in genes involved in pre-mRNA splicing and in the biogenesis and expor...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bhatia V,Barroso SI,García-Rubio ML,Tumini E,Herrera-Moyano E,Aguilera A

更新日期：2014-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Dense plexuses of neurones containing immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) have been found in discrete areas of the central nervous system and in peripheral organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas and urogenital system. In many of these locations VIP is concentrated in nerve endings, where...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Giachetti A,Said SI

更新日期：1979-10-18 00:00:00

abstract：:In addition to coordinating immune and inflammatory responses, NF-kappaB/Rel transcription factors control cell survival. Normally, NF-kappaB dimers are sequestered in the cytoplasm by binding to inhibitory IkappaB proteins, and can be activated rapidly by signals that induce the sequential phosphorylation and proteol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： De Smaele E,Zazzeroni F,Papa S,Nguyen DU,Jin R,Jones J,Cong R,Franzoso G

更新日期：2001-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The most basic objection to human embryonic stem (ES) cell research is rooted in the fact that ES cell derivation deprives embryos of any further potential to develop into a complete human being. ES cell lines are conventionally isolated from the inner cell mass of blastocysts and, in a few instances, from cleavage st...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chung Y,Klimanskaya I,Becker S,Marh J,Lu SJ,Johnson J,Meisner L,Lanza R

更新日期：2006-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Hox genes are essential for growth and patterning of the tetrapod limb skeleton. Mice mutant for the Hoxd-13 gene have an important delay in morphogenesis owing to reduced proliferation. Based on the appearance of atavisms in such mice, we suggested that modifications of Hox gene regulation may have been a source of m...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sordino P,van der Hoeven F,Duboule D

更新日期：1995-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Light usually propagates inside transparent materials in well known ways. However, recent research has examined the possibility of modifying the way the light travels by taking a normal transparent dielectric and inserting tiny metallic inclusions of various shapes and arrangements. As light passes through these struc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Tsakmakidis KL,Boardman AD,Hess O

更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexual differences in the extent and type of parental care lie at the heart of sexual selection theory, and evolution resulting from parental conflict has produced some striking behavioural and morphological adaptations. In a study of male pregnancy in Gulf pipefish, Paczolt and Jones showed that more eggs were transf...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gwynne DT,Judge KA,Kelly CD

更新日期：2010-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in PIK3CA, which encodes the p110α subunit of the insulin-activated phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), and loss of function mutations in PTEN, which encodes a phosphatase that degrades the phosphoinositide lipids generated by PI3K, are among the most frequent events in human cancers1,2. However, pharmacol...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hopkins BD,Pauli C,Du X,Wang DG,Li X,Wu D,Amadiume SC,Goncalves MD,Hodakoski C,Lundquist MR,Bareja R,Ma Y,Harris EM,Sboner A,Beltran H,Rubin MA,Mukherjee S,Cantley LC

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Zika virus (ZIKV) remained obscure until the recent explosive outbreaks in French Polynesia (2013-2014) and South America (2015-2016). Phylogenetic studies have shown that ZIKV has evolved into African and Asian lineages. The Asian lineage of ZIKV was responsible for the recent epidemics in the Americas. However, the ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liu Y,Liu J,Du S,Shan C,Nie K,Zhang R,Li XF,Zhang R,Wang T,Qin CF,Wang P,Shi PY,Cheng G

更新日期：2017-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoclonal antibodies were raised against antibodies to distinct carboxy-terminal KDEL sequences of two soluble, resident endoplasmic reticulum proteins. These anti-idiotype reagents recognize an intrinsic membrane protein with characteristics expected of a receptor responsible for the recognition and return of reside...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vaux D,Tooze J,Fuller S

更新日期：1990-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The ice-rich surface of the jovian satellite Europa is sparsely cratered, suggesting that this moon might be geologically active today. Moreover, models of the satellite's interior indicate that tidal interactions with Jupiter might produce enough heat to maintain a subsurface liquid water layer. But the mechanisms of...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pappalardo RT,Head JW,Greeley R,Sullivan RJ,Pilcher C,Schubert G,Moore WB,Carr MH,Moore JM,Belton MJ,Goldsby DL

更新日期：1998-01-22 00:00:00

abstract：:'Pioneer' transcription factors are required for stem-cell pluripotency, cell differentiation and cell reprogramming1,2. Pioneer factors can bind nucleosomal DNA to enable gene expression from regions of the genome with closed chromatin. SOX2 is a prominent pioneer factor that is essential for pluripotency and self-re...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dodonova SO,Zhu F,Dienemann C,Taipale J,Cramer P

更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. Cas9-guide RNA complexes are also effective genome engineering agents in animals and plants. Here we use single-molecule and bulk...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sternberg SH,Redding S,Jinek M,Greene EC,Doudna JA

更新日期：2014-03-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Exoplanet detections have revolutionized astronomy, offering new insights into solar system architecture and planet demographics. While nearly 1,900 exoplanets have now been discovered and confirmed, none are still in the process of formation. Transition disks, protoplanetary disks with inner clearings best explained ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Sallum S,Follette KB,Eisner JA,Close LM,Hinz P,Kratter K,Males J,Skemer A,Macintosh B,Tuthill P,Bailey V,Defrère D,Morzinski K,Rodigas T,Spalding E,Vaz A,Weinberger AJ

更新日期：2015-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the progress in human culture has required the exploitation of energy resources. About 100 years ago, the major source of energy shifted from recent solar to fossil hydrocarbons, including liquid and gaseous petroleum. Technology has generally led to a greater use of hydrocarbon fuels for most human activities...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hall C,Tharakan P,Hallock J,Cleveland C,Jefferson M

更新日期：2003-11-20 00:00:00