A longer and healthier life with TOR down-regulation: genetics and drugs.

abstract：:PTB (polypyrimidine tract-binding protein) is an abundant and widely expressed RNA-binding protein with four RRM (RNA recognition motif) domains. PTB is involved in numerous post-transcriptional steps in gene expression in both the nucleus and cytoplasm, but has been best characterized as a regulatory repressor of som...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kafasla P,Mickleburgh I,Llorian M,Coelho M,Gooding C,Cherny D,Joshi A,Kotik-Kogan O,Curry S,Eperon IC,Jackson RJ,Smith CW

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been a revolution in understanding animal development in the last 25 years or so, but there is at least one area of development that has been relatively neglected and therefore remains largely mysterious. This is the intracellular programmes and timers that run in developing precursor cells and change the ce...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Raff M

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:cAMP is an essential signalling molecule whose concentration in cells is regulated by a wide range of hormones. A large number of diseases, including cancer and asthma, are linked to improper regulation of the cAMP signalling system, and manipulation of cAMP levels by pharmaceutical agents has proven therapeutic benef...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Yarwood SJ

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the amyloidogenic pathway, the APP (amyloid precursor protein) is proteolytically processed by the beta- and gamma-secretases to release the Abeta (amyloid-beta) peptide that is neurotoxic and aggregates in the brains of patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease. In the non-amyloidogenic pathway, APP is cleaved b...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hooper NM

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Biochemical features of renin have been studied. Determination of the amino acid sequence and catalytically essential groups in the active sites of mouse submandibular gland revealed the similarity of renin with acid proteases. Yet stringent substrate specificity, neutral pH optimum of its enzyme activity and the uniq...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Inagami T,Misono KS,Chang JJ,Takii Y

更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Assembly of ribonucleoprotein complexes is a facilitated quality-controlled process that typically includes modification to the RNA component from precursor to mature form. The SRP (signal recognition particle) is a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein that catalyses protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. Assembly of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leung E,Brown JD

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, I review three new structural studies from our laboratory. First, the crystal structure of RNA polymerase (Pol) II in complex with an RNA inhibitor revealed that this RNA blocks transcription initiation by preventing DNA loading into the active-centre cleft. Secondly, the structure of the SRI (Set2 Rpb1-interact...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cramer P

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inosine residues may be introduced into long dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) molecules by the action of a family of editing enzymes, ADARs (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA). Furthermore, hyperediting of dsRNA by ADARs may result in up to 50% of adenosine residues being converted into inosine. While the effect of hype...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scadden AD

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The past two decades in research has revealed the importance of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) in both monogenic and sporadic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD). In families, mutations in LRRK2 can cause PD with age-dependent but variable penetrance and genome-wide association studies have found variants of the g...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Kluss JH,Mamais A,Cookson MR

更新日期：2019-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:NRs (nuclear receptors) regulate the expression of specific gene networks in target cells by recruiting cofactor complexes involved in chromatin remodelling and in the assembly of transcription complexes. The importance of activating gene expression, in metabolic tissues, is well established, but the contribution of t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Parker MG,Christian M,White R

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The steroid hormone progesterone regulates many critical aspects of vertebrate physiology. The nuclear receptor for progesterone functions as a ligand-activated transcription factor, directly regulating gene expression. This type of signalling is referred to as the 'genomic' pathway. Nevertheless, progesterone also st...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moussatche P,Lyons TJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Moonlighting proteins serve one or more novel functions in addition to their canonical roles. Moonlighting functions arise when an adventitious interaction between a protein and a new partner improves fitness of the organism. Selective pressure for improvement in the new function can result in two alternative outcomes...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Copley SD

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:VEGFs (vascular endothelial growth factors) are master regulators of vascular development and of blood and lymphatic vessel function during health and disease in adults. This family of five mammalian ligands acts through three RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases). In addition, co-receptors such as NRPs (neuropilins) assoc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Koch S

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Other than signalling receptors sustaining leucocyte recruitment during inflammatory reactions, the chemokine system includes 'silent' receptors with distinct specificity and tissue distribution. The best-characterized molecule of this subgroup is the CC chemokine receptor D6, which binds most inflammatory CC chemokin...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Borroni EM,Buracchi C,de la Torre YM,Galliera E,Vecchi A,Bonecchi R,Mantovani A,Locati M

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PDC (pyruvate dehydrogenase complex) plays a central role in the maintenance of glucose homoeostasis in mammals. The carbon flux through the PDC is meticulously controlled by elaborate mechanisms involving post-translational (short-term) phosphorylation/dephosphorylation and transcriptional (long-term) controls. T...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Patel MS,Korotchkina LG

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trafficking within eukaryotic cells is a complex and highly regulated process; events such as recycling of plasma membrane receptors, formation of multivesicular bodies, regulated release of hormones and delivery of proteins to membranes all require directionality and specificity. The underpinning processes, including...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Laidlaw KME,Livingstone R,Al-Tobi M,Bryant NJ,Gould GW

更新日期：2017-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The ESCRT (endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery consists of a number of cytosolic proteins that make up three functional subcomplexes: ESCRT-I, ESCRT-II and ESCRT-III. These proteins function in multivesicular body formation and cell division and are co-opted by enveloped retroviruses to facilit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Carlton JG,Martin-Serrano J

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homo-oligomeric protein complexes are functionally vital and highly abundant in living cells. In the present article, we review our current understanding of their geometry and evolution, including aspects of the symmetry of these complexes and their interaction interfaces. Also, we briefly discuss the pathway of their...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Venkatakrishnan AJ,Levy ED,Teichmann SA

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Wilms' tumour-suppressor gene (WT1), encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is critical for the development of several organs, including the kidneys, gonads and spleen. Despite its identification as a tumour suppressor that plays a crucial role in the formation of a paediatric malignancy of the kidneys (W...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Hartkamp J,Roberts SG

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cell-cycle-co-ordinated initiation of chromosomal replication is highly regulated. The ordered assembly and conformational change of specific proteins at the replication origin are crucial to the process of replication initiation. In Escherichia coli, ATP-DnaA molecules form multimeric complexes with the chromosom...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Katayama T

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microvilli are found on the apical surface of epithelial cells. Recent studies on the microvillar proteins ezrin and EBP50 (ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa) have revealed both the dynamics and the regulation of microvillar components, and how a dynamic ezrin phosphocycle is necessary to confine m...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Viswanatha R,Bretscher A,Garbett D

更新日期：2014-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cultured pluripotent stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine. Considerable efforts have been invested into the refinement and definition of improved culture systems that sustain self-renewal and avoid differentiation of pluripotent cells in vitro. Recent studies have, however, found that the choice of ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： McEwen KR,Leitch HG,Amouroux R,Hajkova P

更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a regulator of cellular metabolism in response to changes in the energy status of the cells. AMPK was known to shut down energy-consuming pathways in response to a fall in the ATP/AMP ratio by phosphorylating key enzymes of intermediate metabolism. Here we will discuss the recent...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Leclerc I,Viollet B,da Silva Xavier G,Kahn A,Rutter GA

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Whereas spontaneous point mutation operates on nucleotides individually, sexual recombination manipulates the set of nucleotides within an allele as an essentially particulate unit. In principle, these two different scales of variation enable selection to follow fitness gradients in two different spaces: in nucleotide...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Watson RA,Weinreich DM,Wakeley J

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MNDs (motor neuron diseases) form a heterogeneous group of pathologies characterized by the progressive degeneration of motor neurons. More and more genetic factors associated with MND encode proteins that have a function in RNA metabolism, suggesting that disturbed RNA metabolism could be a common underlying problem ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Achsel T,Barabino S,Cozzolino M,Carrì MT

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific recombinases are enzymes that promote precise rearrangements of DNA sequences. They do this by cutting and rejoining the DNA strands at specific positions within a pair of target sites recognized and bound by the recombinase. One group of these enzymes, the serine recombinases, initiates strand exchange ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Marshall Stark W,Boocock MR,Olorunniji FJ,Rowland SJ

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulation of macrophage cholesterol homoeostasis is of crucial importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, an underlying cause of heart attack and stroke. Several recent studies have revealed a critical role for the cytokine TGF-beta (transforming growth factor-beta), a key regulator of the immune and infl...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ramji DP,Singh NN,Foka P,Irvine SA,Arnaoutakis K

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GRIF-1 [GABA(A) (gamma-aminobutyric acid(A)) receptor interacting factor-1] is a member of a coiled-coil family of proteins thought to function as adaptors in the anterograde trafficking of organelles utilizing the kinesin-1 motor proteins to synapses. To study in more detail the molecular interaction between GRIF-1 a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pozo K,Stephenson FA

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The free energy landscape can provide a quantitative description of folding dynamics, if determined as a function of an optimally chosen reaction coordinate. The profile together with the optimal coordinate allows one to directly determine such basic properties of folding dynamics as the configurations of the minima a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Banushkina PV,Krivov SV

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The biophysical characteristics of vascular tissues are dependent largely on the properties of fibrillar collagens. Considering the predominant structural component, collagen type I, the present review describes the mechanisms of formation and maturation of lysyl oxidase-mediated cross-linking, leading to an understan...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Robins SP

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00