Abstract:
:Other than signalling receptors sustaining leucocyte recruitment during inflammatory reactions, the chemokine system includes 'silent' receptors with distinct specificity and tissue distribution. The best-characterized molecule of this subgroup is the CC chemokine receptor D6, which binds most inflammatory CC chemokines and targets them to degradation via constitutive ligand-independent internalization. Structure-function analysis and recent results with gene-targeted animals indicate that D6 has unique functional and structural features, which make it ideally adapted to act as a chemokine decoy and scavenger receptor, strategically located on lymphatic endothelium and placenta to dampen inflammation in tissues and draining lymph nodes.
journal_name
Biochem Soc Transjournal_title
Biochemical Society transactionsauthors
Borroni EM,Buracchi C,de la Torre YM,Galliera E,Vecchi A,Bonecchi R,Mantovani A,Locati Mdoi
10.1042/BST0341014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2006-12-01 00:00:00pages
1014-7issue
Pt 6eissn
0300-5127issn
1470-8752pii
BST0341014journal_volume
34pub_type
杂志文章abstract::There is increasing recognition that numerous neurodegenerative conditions have the same underlying pathogenetic mechanism, namely a change in protein conformation, where the beta-sheet content is increased. In Alzheimer's disease, amyloid deposition in the form of neuritic plaques and congophilic angiopathy is driven...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300574
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The discovery of the zDHHC family of S-acyltransferase enzymes has been one of the major breakthroughs in the S-acylation field. Now, more than a decade since their discovery, major questions centre on profiling the substrates of individual zDHHC enzymes (there are 24 ZDHHC genes and several hundred S-acylated protein...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20140270
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::As beta-secretase, memapsin 2 cleaves amyloid-beta precursor protein, which leads ultimately to the onset of Alzheimer's disease. As such, memapsin 2 is an excellent target of inhibitor drugs for the treatment of this disease. Here we describe the tools for memapsin 2 inhibitor design that have been developed and resu...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300530
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The binding sites on human IgG1 for human Fc gamma receptor (Fc gamma R) I, Fc gamma RIIa, Fc gamma RIIb, Fc gamma RIIIa and neonatal FcR have been mapped. A common set of IgG1 residues is involved in binding to all Fc gamma Rs, while Fc gamma RII and Fc gamma RIII utilize distinct sites outside this common set. In ad...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0300487
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microvilli are found on the apical surface of epithelial cells. Recent studies on the microvillar proteins ezrin and EBP50 (ezrin/radixin/moesin-binding phosphoprotein of 50 kDa) have revealed both the dynamics and the regulation of microvillar components, and how a dynamic ezrin phosphocycle is necessary to confine m...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20130263
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A number of studies demonstrate disturbances of the central innate immune system in AD (Alzheimer's disease). In animal and human studies, there is evidence of close communication between systemic and central innate immune systems. Animal models of neurodegeneration show evidence of an exaggerated central innate immun...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0390898
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::c-Type cytochromes are characterized by covalent attachment of haem to protein through thioether bonds between the vinyl groups of the haem and the thiols of a Cys-Xaa-Xaa-Cys-His motif. Proteins of this type play crucial roles in the biochemistry of the nitrogen cycle. Many Gram-negative bacteria use the Ccm (cytochr...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0340091
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identified five decades ago amongst the most abundant cellular RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were initially described as serving as guides for the methylation and pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNA through direct base pairing. In recent years, however, increasingly powerful high-throughput genomic approaches an...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20191046
更新日期:2020-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::SUMOylation of viral proteins is widespread and serves to modify or regulate the properties of those proteins. Papillomaviruses are a large group of small DNA viruses that infect the skin, leading to benign lesions (warts) that in some cases can progress to malignancy. The papillomavirus life cycle is intimately conne...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351433
更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A comparative approach has been used to study the role of several lipid-body-binding proteins in plants and animals. Caleosins are a newly discovered class of calcium-binding lipid-body proteins found in plants and fungi, which we now report to have separate endoplasmic reticulum- and lipid-body-associated isoforms. W...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The driving force of the cell cycle is the activities of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Key steps in the regulation of the cell cycle therefore must impinge upon the activities of the CDKs. CDKs exert their functions when bound to cyclins that are expressed cyclically during the cell cycle. Polyamine biosynthesis va...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0310366
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Muscles are responsible for generating the forces required for the movement of multicellular organisms. Microscopically, these forces arise as a consequence of motor proteins (myosin) pulling and sliding along actin filaments. Current knowledge states that the molecular forces between actin and myosin are linear in na...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0320694
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the major goals of modern plant biotechnology is to manipulate lipid metabolism in oilseed crops to produce new and improved edible and industrial vegetable oils. Lipids constitute the structural components of cellular membranes and act as sources of energy for the germinating seed and are therefore essential t...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyclic nucleotide PDEs (phosphodiesterases) regulate cellular levels of cAMP and cGMP by controlling the rate of degradation. Several mammalian PDE isoforms possess N-terminal GAF (found in cGMP PDEs, Anabaena adenylate cyclases and Escherichia coli FhlA; where FhlA is formate hydrogen lyase transcriptional activator)...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0351032
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::HD (Huntington's disease) is caused by a polyQ (polyglutamine) expansion in the huntingtin protein, which leads to protein misfolding and aggregation of this protein. Abnormal copper accumulation in the HD brain was first reported more than 15 years ago. Recent findings show that copper-regulatory genes are induced du...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0380552
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Copper chaperones, soluble copper-binding proteins, are essential for ensuring proper distribution of copper to cellular compartments and to proteins requiring copper prosthetic groups. They are found in all eukaryotic organisms. Orthologues of the three copper chaperones characterized in yeast, ATX1, CCS and COX17, a...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0300732
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::To investigate the roles of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10)/PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signalling pathway in vivo, we have generated a series of mutant mice with null or tissue-specific gene-targeted deletions of Pten. Here we present our investigations of Pten function in ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/bst0320362
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Homo-oligomeric protein complexes are functionally vital and highly abundant in living cells. In the present article, we review our current understanding of their geometry and evolution, including aspects of the symmetry of these complexes and their interaction interfaces. Also, we briefly discuss the pathway of their...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST0380879
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colon cancer in humans is influenced by both genetic and dietary risk factors. The majority of colon cancers have somatic mutations in the APC (adenomatous polyposis coli) tumour-suppressor gene. Dietary arginine enhances the risk of APC-dependent colon carcinogenesis in mouse models by a mechanism involving NOS2 (nit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0350322
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In plants, the spatial arrangement of cells within tissues and organs is a direct consequence of the positioning of the new cell walls during cell division. Since the nineteenth century, scientists have proposed rules to explain the orientation of plant cell divisions. Most of these rules predict the new wall will fol...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20200529
更新日期:2020-12-18 00:00:00
abstract::AD (Alzheimer's disease) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a gradual loss of neurons and the accumulation of neurotoxic Aβ (amyloid β-peptide) and hyperphosphorylated tau. The discovery of mutations in three genes, PSEN1 (presenilin 1), PSEN2 (presenilin 2) and APP (amyloid precursor protein), in patient...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0381474
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous group of small lipid-enclosed structures with myriad roles in physiology and disease. The recent surge of interest in EVs has led to greater understanding of their biology and appreciation of how they might be utilised as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. There remain, ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20180112
更新日期:2018-10-19 00:00:00
abstract::Various investigators have identified the major domain organization of LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), which includes a GTPase ROC (Ras of complex proteins) domain followed by a COR (C-terminal of ROC) domain and a protein kinase domain. In addition, there are four domains composed of structural repeat motifs li...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120088
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::A range of mitochondria-targeted probe molecules that comprise a lipophilic cation covalently attached to an active moiety have been developed. The lipophilic cation causes the accumulation of these molecules into mitochondria, driven by the mitochondrial membrane potential. To date, we have targeted antioxidants, spi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0321011
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synapses, points of contact between axons and dendrites, are conduits for the flow of information in the circuitry of the central nervous system. The strength of synaptic transmission reflects the interconnectedness of the axons and dendrites at synapses; synaptic strength in turn is modified by the frequency with whi...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0381527
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Colicins are protein antibiotics produced by Escherichia coli to kill closely related non-identical competing species. They have taken advantage of the promiscuity of several proteins in the cell envelope for entry into the bacterial cell. The Tol-Pal system comprises one such ensemble of periplasmic and membrane-asso...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1042/BST20120239
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 was discovered over 15 years ago as part of a search for proteins that selectively bind methylated DNA. It is a nuclear protein that is largely chromatin-bound and has a strong preference for binding to methylated DNA sequences in vivo. Evidence from model systems shows that MeCP2 ...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type:
doi:10.1042/BST0360575
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human colonic microbiota degrades dietary substrates that are indigestible in the upper GIT (gastrointestinal tract), releasing bacterial metabolites, some of which are important for gut health. Advances in molecular biology techniques have facilitated detailed analyses of the composition of the bacterial communit...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST0391073
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biochemical features of renin have been studied. Determination of the amino acid sequence and catalytically essential groups in the active sites of mouse submandibular gland revealed the similarity of renin with acid proteases. Yet stringent substrate specificity, neutral pH optimum of its enzyme activity and the uniq...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/bst0120951
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We study how mechanical forces integrate spatially and temporally with regulatory signals at the leading edge of migrating cells. To probe the dynamics of this system, we developed quantitative fluorescent speckle microscopy, which maps out actin cytoskeleton transport, assembly and disassembly with high spatial resol...
journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1042/BST20051250
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00