Abstract:
:Acetylcholine (ACh), the first neurotransmitter to be identified, regulate the activities of central and peripheral functions through interactions with muscarinic receptors. Changes in muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many major diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Previous reports from our laboratory on streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats showed down regulation of muscarinic M1 receptors in the brainstem, hypothalamus, cerebral cortex and pancreatic islets. In this study, we have investigated the changes of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) enzyme activity, total muscarinic and muscarinic M1 receptor binding and gene expression in the corpus striatum of STZ--diabetic rats and the insulin treated diabetic rats. The striatum, a neuronal nucleus intimately involved in motor behaviour, is one of the brain regions with the highest acetylcholine content. ACh has complex and clinically important actions in the striatum that are mediated predominantly by muscarinic receptors. We observed that insulin treatment brought back the decreased maximal velocity (Vmax) of acetylcholine esterase in the corpus striatum during diabetes to near control state. In diabetic rats there was a decrease in maximal number (Bmax) and affinity (Kd) of total muscarinic receptors whereas muscarinic M1 receptors were increased with decrease in affinity in diabetic rats. We observed that, in all cases, the binding parameters were reversed to near control by the treatment of diabetic rats with insulin. Real-time PCR experiment confirmed the increase in muscarinic M1 receptor gene expression and a similar reversal with insulin treatment. These results suggest the diabetes-induced changes of the cholinergic activity in the corpus striatum and the regulatory role of insulin on binding parameters and gene expression of total and muscarinic M1 receptors.
journal_name
J Biomed Scijournal_title
Journal of biomedical scienceauthors
Gireesh G,Kumar TP,Mathew J,Paulose Cdoi
10.1186/1423-0127-16-38subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-03 00:00:00pages
38eissn
1021-7770issn
1423-0127pii
1423-0127-16-38journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-bound vesicles that serve a means of cell-cell communication. Studying EVs at a single-particle level is important because EVs are inherently heterogeneous. Novel micro- and nanotechnological tools have open opportunities for realizing single-EV measurements explo...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0502-4
更新日期:2019-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this study, we examined the postnatal expression patterns of p63 and other keratinocyte stem cell markers in the rat cornea in an attempt to determine the markers that best represent characteristics of corneal keratinocyte stem cells. We show that the expression of p63 in the rat cornea is unique and differs from t...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02256130
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Exposure of cells and organs to heat shock is associated with numerous changes in various cellular metabolic parameters and overexpression of proteins collectively known as heat shock proteins (HSP). In this communication we review the cell-signaling events that are altered in response to heat shock as they relate to ...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02258043
更新日期:1996-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The ARFP/F protein is synthesized from the +1 reading frame of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein gene. The function of this protein remains unknown. To study the function of the HCV ARFP/F protein, we have conducted the yeast two-hybrid screening experiment to identify cellular proteins that may interact with t...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11373-008-9248-9
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recent evidence suggests that drugs targeting Kv7 channels could be used to modulate vascular function and blood pressure. Here, we studied whether Kv7 channel inhibitors can be utilized to stabilize hemodynamics and reduce resuscitation fluid requirements after hemorrhagic shock. METHODS:Anesthetized male ...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12929-017-0316-1
更新日期:2017-01-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oxidative stress is a major factor in retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells injury that contributes to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). NaIO3 is an oxidative toxic agent and its selective RPE cell damage makes it as a reproducible model of AMD. Although NaIO3 is an oxidative stress inducer, the roles...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0531-z
更新日期:2019-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an accepted animal model for the human demyelinating disease multiple sclerosis. The continuously propagated line of Lewis rat T helper lymphocytes (GP1 T cells), specific for the encephalitogenic 68-86 sequence of guinea pig myelin basic protein (GPMBP), mediates the a...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02255600
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been long considered simply as harmful by-products of metabolism, which damage cellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. ROS are also known as a weapon of phagocytes, employed against pathogens invading the host. However, during the last decade, an understanding has emerged that ...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12929-015-0194-3
更新日期:2015-10-15 00:00:00
abstract::Protein kinases play pivotal roles in the development of the nervous system. They are involved in almost every stage of neuronal development, from initial proliferation and differentiation of progenitor cells to pathfinding of neurites and formation of synapses. Activation of protein kinases is also critical for neuro...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02258364
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Our previous report suggested that centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) is required for Hepatitis B virus (HBV) encoded non-structure protein X (HBx)-mediated nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) activation. CPAP is overexpressed in HBV-associated hepatocellular carcin...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0534-9
更新日期:2019-06-06 00:00:00
abstract::To identify novel genes associated with apoptosis in glioma cells, we treated T98G glioma cells with okadaic acid (OA). Differential display using 15 random primers was performed on RNA extracted from these cells. Upregulated bands were excised from polyacrylamide gels and cloned. Northern blots were used to confirm R...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02256622
更新日期:2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A large group of small Rab GTPases which mediate secretory and endosomal membrane transport, as well as autophagosome biogenesis, are essential components of vesicle trafficking machinery. Specific Rab protein together with the cognate effectors coordinates the dynamics of trafficking pathway and determines the cargo ...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12929-016-0287-7
更新日期:2016-10-06 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Hyaluronic acid (HA) is present in many tissues; its presence in serum may be related to certain inflammatory conditions, tissue damage, sepsis, liver malfunction and some malignancies. In the present work, our goal was to investigate the significance of hyaluronic acid effect on erythrocyte flow properties....
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1423-0127-17-8
更新日期:2010-02-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Iron homeostasis is chiefly regulated by hepcidin whose expression is tightly controlled by inflammation, iron stores, and hypoxia. Hemojuvelin (HJV) is a bone morphogenetic protein co-receptor that has been identified as a main upstream regulator of hepcidin expression; HJV mutations are associated with a s...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1423-0127-19-83
更新日期:2012-09-21 00:00:00
abstract::Schistosomiasis causes significant levels of morbidity and mortality in many geographical regions of the world. The disease is caused by infections with parasitic blood flukes known as schistosomes. The control of schistosomiasis over the last several decades has been centered on the mass drug administration (MDA) of ...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12929-020-0621-y
更新日期:2020-01-22 00:00:00
abstract::The progression and metastasis of solid tumors, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), have been related to the behavior of a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells. Here, we have established a highly malignant HNSCC cell line, SASVO3, from primary tumors using three sequential rounds of xenotransp...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1423-0127-16-100
更新日期:2009-11-16 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the involvement of neutrophil infiltration, disturbances in nitric oxide (NO) generation and oxidative stress in indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer, and the possible gastroprotective potentials of leptin, known for its angiogenic effect. Male Wistar albino rats (180-220 g) were allocated into a...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11373-007-9227-6
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The signaling pathways leading to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) or platelet activating factor (PAF) in human neutrophils were examined. Previously, we found that changes of intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) stimulated by...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11373-005-1704-1
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:RNA interference (RNAi) is a powerful tool to silence gene expression post-transcriptionally. Delivering sequences of RNAi in vivo remains a problem. The aim of this study was to use JC virus (JCV) virus-like particles (VLPs) as a vector for delivering RNAi in silencing the cytokine gene of IL-10. METHODS:J...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1423-0127-17-51
更新日期:2010-06-24 00:00:00
abstract::Adenosine was shown to inhibit norepinephrine (NE) release from sympathetic nerve endings. The purpose of this study was to examine whether endogenous adenosine restrains NE and epinephrine release from the adrenal medulla. The effects of an adenosine receptor antagonist, 1,3-dipropyl-8-(p-sulfophenyl) xanthine (DPSPX...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02255947
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are the major intracellular source and target sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are continually generated as by-products of aerobic metabolism in animal and human cells. It has been demonstrated that mitochondrial respiratory function declines with age in various human tissues and that a defecti...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02258357
更新日期:1997-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), a hematopoietic cytokine, was recently used to treat patients of acute myocardial infarction with beneficial effect. However, controversy exists as some patients developed re-stenosis and worsened condition post G-CSF delivery. This study presents a new disease ...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1423-0127-18-26
更新日期:2011-04-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Stroke is one of the leading causes of neuronal death. Sesamin is known for neuroprotection by its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but it lacks blood-brain barrier (BBB) activity. A panel of sesamin derivatives was screened and 3-bis (3-methoxybenzyl) butane-1,4-diol (BBD) was selected for high ...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1423-0127-21-15
更新日期:2014-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::Dextromethorphan (DM), an antitussive agent, has been claimed to have anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in vitro. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of DM on sepsis induced by intravenous (i.v.) administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in anesthetized Wistar rats and by intraperiton...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02254358
更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent cells that can differentiate into various tissue types, including bone, cartilage, tendon, adipocytes, and marrow stroma, making them potentially useful for human cell and gene therapies. Our objective was to demonstrate the utility of glass needle-mediated microinj...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF02256452
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Endothelial cell (EC) dysfunctions, including turnover enrichment, gap junction disruption, inflammation, and oxidation, play vital roles in the initiation of vascular disorders and atherosclerosis. Hemodynamic forces, i.e., atherprotective pulsatile (PS) and pro-atherogenic oscillatory shear stress (OS), ca...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12929-019-0551-8
更新日期:2019-08-07 00:00:00
abstract::The CDC4 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes an essential function that is required for G1-S and G2-M transitions during mitosis and at various stages during meiosis. We have isolated a functional homologue of CDC4 (CaCDC4) from the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans by complementing the S. cerevisiae cdc4-3 mutat...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11373-005-9027-9
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To develop an individually-tailored dynamic risk assessment model following a multistep, multifactorial process of the Correa's gastric cancer model. METHODS:First, we estimated the state-to-state transition rates following Correa's five-step carcinogenic model and assessed the effect of risk factors, inclu...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12929-018-0485-6
更新日期:2018-11-19 00:00:00
abstract::Ubiquitination modulates a large repertoire of cellular functions and thus, dysregulation of the ubiquitin system results in multiple human diseases, including cancer. Ubiquitination requires an E3 ligase, which is responsible for substrate recognition and conferring specificity to ubiquitination. HUWE1 is a multiface...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1186/s12929-018-0470-0
更新日期:2018-09-04 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cervical cancer is the second-most-common cause of malignancies in women worldwide, and the oncogenic activity of the human papilloma virus types (HPV) E7 protein has a crucial role in anogenital tumors. In this study, we have designed a therapeutic vaccine based on chitosan nanodelivery systems to deliver H...
journal_title:Journal of biomedical science
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12929-014-0069-z
更新日期:2014-07-31 00:00:00