Recent Arctic warming vertical structure contested.

abstract：:The death of massive stars produces a variety of supernovae, which are linked to the structure of the exploding stars. The detection of several precursor stars of type II supernovae has been reported (see, for example, ref. 3), but we do not yet have direct information on the progenitors of the hydrogen-deficient type...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pastorello A,Smartt SJ,Mattila S,Eldridge JJ,Young D,Itagaki K,Yamaoka H,Navasardyan H,Valenti S,Patat F,Agnoletto I,Augusteijn T,Benetti S,Cappellaro E,Boles T,Bonnet-Bidaud JM,Botticella MT,Bufano F,Cao C,Deng J,

更新日期：2007-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The 2.2 A crystal structure of activated rod transducin, Gt alpha.GTP gamma S, shows the bound GTP gamma S molecule occluded deep in a cleft between a domain structurally homologous to small GTPases and a helical domain unique to heterotrimeric G proteins. The structure, when combined with biochemical and genetic stud...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Noel JP,Hamm HE,Sigler PB

更新日期：1993-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Ia antigens are membrane-bound glycoproteins that play a part in antigen recognition and subsequent cell-cell interactions in the immune response. In the mouse they are coded for by the I region of the major histocompatibility complex H-2 and have been demonstrated on B lymphocytes, monocytes, activated T cells, macro...

journal_title：Nature

authors： de Waal RM,Bogman MJ,Maass CN,Cornelissen LM,Tax WJ,Koene RA

更新日期：1983-06-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-identity switches, in which terminally differentiated cells are converted into different cell types when stressed, represent a widespread regenerative strategy in animals, yet they are poorly documented in mammals. In mice, some glucagon-producing pancreatic α-cells and somatostatin-producing δ-cells become insul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Furuyama K,Chera S,van Gurp L,Oropeza D,Ghila L,Damond N,Vethe H,Paulo JA,Joosten AM,Berney T,Bosco D,Dorrell C,Grompe M,Ræder H,Roep BO,Thorel F,Herrera PL

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following the introduction of hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbon (HFCs) gases as replacements for the ozone-destroying chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), it has been discovered that HCFCs/HFCs can degrade in the atmosphere to produce trifluoroacetic acid, a compound with no known loss mechanisms in the env...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ellis DA,Mabury SA,Martin JW,Muir DC

更新日期：2001-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) has been a potent tool in our understanding of human evolution, owing to characteristics such as high copy number, apparent lack of recombination, high substitution rate and maternal mode of inheritance. However, almost all studies of human evolution based on mtDNA sequencing ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ingman M,Kaessmann H,Pääbo S,Gyllensten U

更新日期：2000-12-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental and simulation studies show that small monomeric proteins fold in one kinetic step, which entails overcoming the free-energy barrier between the unfolded and the native protein through a transition state. Two models of transition state formation have been proposed: a 'nonspecific' one in which it depends ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Shakhnovich E,Abkevich V,Ptitsyn O

更新日期：1996-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:MANY ferromanganese minerals have been found in marine manganese deposits. There have been terminological and intrinsic problems in accurately defining the constituents of manganese nodules(1), but 10-A manganite and delta-MnO(2) which are often compared with todorokite and birnessite seem to be the only major constit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Usui A

更新日期：1979-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Organic photovoltaic cells are now approaching commercially viable efficiencies, particularly for applications that make use of their unique potential for flexibility and semitransparency1-3. However, their reliability remains a major concern, as even the most stable devices reported so far degrade within only a few y...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Burlingame Q,Huang X,Liu X,Jeong C,Coburn C,Forrest SR

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Time-of-flight mass spectrometry-most notably matrix-assisted laser-desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectrometry-is an important class of techniques for the study of proteins and other biomolecules. Although these techniques provide excellent performance for masses up to about 20,000 daltons, there ha...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hilton GC,Martinis JM,Wollman DA,Irwin KD,Dulcie LL,Gerber D,Gillevet PM,Twerenbold D

更新日期：1998-02-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleosomal DNA is arranged in a higher-order structure that presents a barrier to most cellular processes involving protein DNA interactions. The cellular machinery involved in sister chromatid cohesion, the cohesin complex, also requires access to the nucleosomal DNA to perform its function in chromosome segregation...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hakimi MA,Bochar DA,Schmiesing JA,Dong Y,Barak OG,Speicher DW,Yokomori K,Shiekhattar R

更新日期：2002-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The hypothesis that animal population dynamics may be synchronized by climate is highly relevant in the context of climate change because it suggests that several populations might respond simultaneously to climatic trends if their dynamics are entrained by environmental correlation. The dynamics of many species throu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Post E,Forchhammer MC

更新日期：2002-11-14 00:00:00

abstract：:On the basis of fossil and archaeological data it has been hypothesized that the exodus of Homo sapiens out of Africa and into Eurasia between ~50-120 thousand years ago occurred in several orbitally paced migration episodes. Crossing vegetated pluvial corridors from northeastern Africa into the Arabian Peninsula and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Timmermann A,Friedrich T

更新日期：2016-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoinflammatory disease that affects 1-2% of the world's population and is characterized by widespread joint inflammation. Interleukin-1 is an important mediator of cartilage destruction in rheumatic diseases, but our understanding of the upstream mechanisms leading to production of ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vande Walle L,Van Opdenbosch N,Jacques P,Fossoul A,Verheugen E,Vogel P,Beyaert R,Elewaut D,Kanneganti TD,van Loo G,Lamkanfi M

更新日期：2014-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the most debated questions in evolutionary biology is whether female choice of males with exaggerated sexual displays can evolve as a correlated response to selection acting on genes coding for male attractiveness or high overall viability. To date, empirical studies have provided support for parts of this scen...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Qvarnström A,Brommer JE,Gustafsson L

更新日期：2006-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Repetitive activation of excitatory synapses in the central nervous system results in a long-lasting increase in synaptic transmission called long-term potentiation (LTP). It is generally believed that this synaptic plasticity may underlie certain forms of learning and memory. LTP at most synapses involves the activat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Castillo PE,Janz R,Südhof TC,Tzounopoulos T,Malenka RC,Nicoll RA

更新日期：1997-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Carbon chemistry exhibits a rich variety in bonding patterns, with homo- or heteronuclear multiple bonds involving sp-hybridized carbon atoms as found in molecules such as acetylenes, nitriles, allenes and carbon dioxide. Carbon's heavier homologues in group 14 of the periodic table--including silicon, germanium and t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ishida S,Iwamoto T,Kabuto C,Kira M

更新日期：2003-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work has identified a neuron with widespread projections to odour processing regions of the honeybee brain whose activity represents the reward value of gustatory stimuli. We have constructed a model of bee foraging in uncertain environments based on this type of neuron and a predictive form of hebbian synaptic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Montague PR,Dayan P,Person C,Sejnowski TJ

更新日期：1995-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Smallman M

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some plasmid DNAs, when maintained in wild-type Escherichia coli strains, form high levels of oligomeric species while others remain primarily monomers. One explanation of this observation is that the plasmids that do not form circular oligomers lack a DNA sequence necessary for the formation or maintenance of circula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： James AA,Morrison PT,Kolodner R

更新日期：1983-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:During the subduction of oceanic lithosphere, water is liberated from minerals by progressive dehydration reactions and is thought to be critical to several geologically important processes such as island-arc volcanism, intermediate-depth seismicity and chemical exchange between the subducting lithosphere and mantle. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bina CR,Navrotsky A

更新日期：2000-12-14 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptidoglycan (PG), an essential structure in the cell walls of the vast majority of bacteria, is critical for division and maintaining cell shape and hydrostatic pressure. Bacteria comprising the Chlamydiales were thought to be one of the few exceptions. Chlamydia harbour genes for PG biosynthesis and exhibit suscept...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Liechti GW,Kuru E,Hall E,Kalinda A,Brun YV,VanNieuwenhze M,Maurelli AT

更新日期：2014-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Guard cells are located in the epidermis of plant leaves, and in pairs surround stomatal pores. These control both the influx of CO2 as a raw material for photosynthesis and water loss from plants through transpiration to the atmosphere. Guard cells have become a highly developed system for dissecting early signal tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schroeder JI,Kwak JM,Allen GJ

更新日期：2001-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurons in the brain behave as nonlinear oscillators, which develop rhythmic activity and interact to process information. Taking inspiration from this behaviour to realize high-density, low-power neuromorphic computing will require very large numbers of nanoscale nonlinear oscillators. A simple estimation indicates t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Torrejon J,Riou M,Araujo FA,Tsunegi S,Khalsa G,Querlioz D,Bortolotti P,Cros V,Yakushiji K,Fukushima A,Kubota H,Yuasa S,Stiles MD,Grollier J

更新日期：2017-07-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic myelogenous leukaemia (CML) is a clonal disease arising from malignant transformation of pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells. In most cases, it is characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosome (22q-) which results from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 (refs 1-3). In...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kozbor D,Giallongo A,Sierzega ME,Konopka JB,Witte ON,Showe LC,Croce CM

更新日期：1986-01-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic da...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Joshi PK,Esko T,Mattsson H,Eklund N,Gandin I,Nutile T,Jackson AU,Schurmann C,Smith AV,Zhang W,Okada Y,Stančáková A,Faul JD,Zhao W,Bartz TM,Concas MP,Franceschini N,Enroth S,Vitart V,Trompet S,Guo X,Chasman DI,

更新日期：2015-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Since 2013 the occurrence of human infections by a novel avian H7N9 influenza virus in China has demonstrated the continuing threat posed by zoonotic pathogens. Although the first outbreak wave that was centred on eastern China was seemingly averted, human infections recurred in October 2013 (refs 3-7). It is unclear ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lam TT,Zhou B,Wang J,Chai Y,Shen Y,Chen X,Ma C,Hong W,Chen Y,Zhang Y,Duan L,Chen P,Jiang J,Zhang Y,Li L,Poon LL,Webby RJ,Smith DK,Leung GM,Peiris JS,Holmes EC,Guan Y,Zhu H

更新日期：2015-06-04 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally accepted that the specific function of a gene depends on its coding sequence. The three paired-box and homeobox genes paired (prd), gooseberry (gsb) and gooseberry neuro (gsbn) have distinct developmental functions in Drosophila embryogenesis. During the syncytial blastoderm stage, the pair-rule gene p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Li X,Noll M

更新日期：1994-01-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Galaxies had their most significant impact on the Universe when they assembled their first generations of stars. Energetic photons emitted by young, massive stars in primeval galaxies ionized the intergalactic medium surrounding their host galaxies, cleared sightlines along which the light of the young galaxies could ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lehnert MD,Nesvadba NP,Cuby JG,Swinbank AM,Morris S,Clément B,Evans CJ,Bremer MN,Basa S

更新日期：2010-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Co-development of the cardiovascular and pulmonary systems is a recent evolutionary adaption to terrestrial life that couples cardiac output with the gas exchange function of the lung. Here we show that the murine pulmonary vasculature develops even in the absence of lung development. We have identified a population o...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Peng T,Tian Y,Boogerd CJ,Lu MM,Kadzik RS,Stewart KM,Evans SM,Morrisey EE

更新日期：2013-08-29 00:00:00