Molecular mechanism of force generation by dynein, a molecular motor belonging to the AAA+ family.

abstract：:Nicotinic ACh (acetylcholine) and 5-HT3 (5-hydroxytryptamine type-3) receptors are cation-selective ion channels of the Cys-loop transmitter-gated ion channel superfamily. Numerous lines of evidence indicate that the channel lining domain of such receptors is formed by the alpha-helical M2 domain (second transmembrane...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Peters JA,Carland JE,Cooper MA,Livesey MR,Deeb TZ,Hales TG,Lambert JJ

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Unr (upstream of N-ras) is a eukaryotic RNA-binding protein that has a number of roles in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Originally identified as an activator of internal initiation of picornavirus translation, it has since been shown to act as an activator and inhibitor of cellular translatio...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ray S,Catnaigh PÓ,Anderson EC

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family of lipid kinases regulate cell motility in diverse organisms and cell types. In mammals, the main PI3K enzyme activated by chemokine receptor signalling is the class IB isoform, p110gamma. Studies of p110gamma-knockout mice have shown an essential function for this isoform i...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oak JS,Matheu MP,Parker I,Cahalan MD,Fruman DA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, we have delineated several key steps in CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) invader defence pathways. P. furiosus has seven transcriptionally active CRISPR loci that together encode a total of 200 crRNAs (CRISPR RNAs...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Terns RM,Terns MP

更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Delineating the molecular pathways underlying seizure-induced neuronal death may yield novel strategies for brain protection against prolonged or repetitive seizures. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity and necrosis is a primary contributing mechanism but seizures also activate programmed (apoptotic) cell death pathways...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Henshall DC

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:AS (alternative splicing) is a post-transcriptional process which regulates gene expression through increasing protein complexity and modulating mRNA transcript levels. Regulation of AS depends on interactions between trans-acting protein factors and cis-acting signals in the pre-mRNA (precursor mRNA) transcripts, ter...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Simpson CG,Manthri S,Raczynska KD,Kalyna M,Lewandowska D,Kusenda B,Maronova M,Szweykowska-Kulinska Z,Jarmolowski A,Barta A,Brown JW

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now clear that NSPs (neutrophil serine proteases), including elastase, Pr3 (proteinase 3) and CatG (cathepsin G) are major pathogenic determinants in chronic inflammatory disorders of the lungs. Two unglycosylated natural protease inhibitors, SLPI (secretory leucocyte protease inhibitor) and elafin, and its prec...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zani ML,Tanga A,Saidi A,Serrano H,Dallet-Choisy S,Baranger K,Moreau T

更新日期：2011-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CoA (coenzyme A) and its derivatives have a critical role in regulating cardiac energy metabolism. This includes a key role as a substrate and product in the energy metabolic pathways, as well as serving as an allosteric regulator of cardiac energy metabolism. In addition, the CoA ester malonyl-CoA has an important ro...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Abo Alrob O,Lopaschuk GD

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A general strategy is described for the amplified expression, purification and characterization in Escherichia coli of multidrug efflux proteins from Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Methanococcus janaschii and E. coli. They all catalyse drug/H(+) antiport of substrates such as quinolones and ethidium and exe...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Henderson PJ,Hoyle CK,Ward A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mRNA coding for FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor 2), a major angiogenic factor, is translated by an IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-dependent mechanism. We have studied the role of the IRES in the regulation of FGF-2 expression in vivo, under pathophysiological conditions, by creating transgenic mice lines expr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gonzalez-Herrera IG,Prado-Lourenco L,Teshima-Kondo S,Kondo K,Cabon F,Arnal JF,Bayard F,Prats AC

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genomic DNA is constantly under threat from intracellular and environmental factors that damage its chemical structure. Uncorrected DNA damage may impede cellular propagation or even result in cell death, making it critical to restore genomic integrity. Decades of research have revealed a wide range of mechanisms thro...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ghodke H,Ho H,van Oijen AM

更新日期：2018-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a complex kinase/GTPase mutated in Parkinson's disease, has been shown to physically and functionally interact with cytoskeletal-related components in different brain cells. Neurons greatly rely on a functional cytoskeleton for many homeostatic processes such as local and long-dis...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Civiero L,Cogo S,Biosa A,Greggio E

更新日期：2018-12-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Moonlighting proteins serve one or more novel functions in addition to their canonical roles. Moonlighting functions arise when an adventitious interaction between a protein and a new partner improves fitness of the organism. Selective pressure for improvement in the new function can result in two alternative outcomes...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Copley SD

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) mRNA is expressed in a panoply of tissues, including the brain, where it is widely distributed. In the mouse brain, it is expressed in the hypothalamus (suprachiasmatic, paraventricular, dorsomedial, ventromedial and arcuate nuclei), the thalamus (submedius nucleus) and the brain-stem (dors...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richard D,Clavel S,Huang Q,Sanchis D,Ricquier D

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein aggregation is being found to be associated with an increasing number of human diseases. Aggregation can lead to a loss of function (lack of active protein) or to a toxic gain of function (cytotoxicity associated with protein aggregates). Although potentially harmful, protein sequences predisposed to aggregati...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sanchez de Groot N,Torrent M,Villar-Piqué A,Lang B,Ventura S,Gsponer J,Babu MM

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lack or excess of the protein tau can be deleterious for neurons. The absence of tau can result in retarded neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation, although adult mice deficient in tau are viable, probably because of the compensation of the loss of tau by other MAPs (microtubule-associated proteins). On the con...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Avila J,de Barreda EG,Fuster-Matanzo A,Simón D,Llorens-Martín M,Engel T,Lucas JJ,Díaz-Hernández M,Hernández F

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-free transcription-translation is an expanding field in synthetic biology as a rapid prototyping platform for blueprinting the design of synthetic biological devices. Exemplar efforts include translation of prototype designs into medical test kits for on-site identification of viruses (Zika and Ebola), while gene...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Moore SJ,MacDonald JT,Freemont PS

更新日期：2017-06-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Sugars that are readily respired by plant cells inhibit greening when dO2 and mu are relatively high. As sugar concentration in the batch culture medium is depleted and mu declines, greening is permitted. The mechanism of this effect has not been satisfactorily explained. ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dalton C

更新日期：1980-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:miRNAs (microRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They generally bind to the 3'-UTR (untranslated region) of their target mRNAs and repress protein production by destabilizing the mRNA and translational silencing. The exact mechanism of miRNA-mediated translational repr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cannell IG,Kong YW,Bushell M

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As intracellular pathogens, enveloped viruses must usurp the host cell machinery for many stages of the viral life cycle in order to produce a new generation of infectious virions. In one of the less understood steps of viral assembly, viral components including the transmembrane glycoproteins, structural proteins and...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bruce EA,Stuart A,McCaffrey MW,Digard P

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RDCs (residual dipolar couplings) in NMR spectroscopy provide information about protein dynamics complementary to NMR relaxation methods, especially in the previously inaccessible time window between the protein correlation time tau(c) and 50 micros. For ubiquitin, new modes of motion of the protein backbone could be ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lakomek NA,Lange OF,Walter KF,Farès C,Egger D,Lunkenheimer P,Meiler J,Grubmüller H,Becker S,de Groot BL,Griesinger C

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CPPs (cell-penetrating peptides) have given rise to much interest for the delivery of biomolecules such as peptides, proteins or ONs (oligonucleotides). CPPs and their conjugates were initially thought to translocate through the cell membrane by a non-endocytotic mechanism which has recently been re-evaluated. Basic-a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Abes S,Moulton H,Turner J,Clair P,Richard JP,Iversen P,Gait MJ,Lebleu B

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian vascular system consists of two distinct, but closely related, networks: the blood vasculature (itself divided into arterial and venous networks) and the lymphatic vasculature. EC (endothelial cell) lineage specification has been proposed to be determined during embryonic development, after which the ECs...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cooley LS,Edwards DR

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTM (post-translational modification) is the chemical modification of a protein after its translation. The well-studied PTM is phosphorylation, but, recently, PTMs have been re-focused by extensive studies on histone modifications and the discovery of the ubiquitin system. Histone acetylation is the well-established e...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ito K

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is found in various plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. It is also present in wines, especially red wines. During the last years, it has been the focus of numerous in vitro and in vivo studies investigating its biological attributes, which include mainly antioxidant a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： de la Lastra CA,Villegas I

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The production of dihydrogen by Escherichia coli and other members of the Enterobacteriaceae is one of the classic features of mixed-acid fermentation. Synthesis of the multicomponent, membrane-associated FHL (formate hydrogenlyase) enzyme complex, which disproportionates formate into CO(2) and H(2), has an absolute r...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sawers RG

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:From a random transposon mutagenesis experiment, using Petunia line W138, a seed-specific linoleic acid mutant was isolated. The tagged gene was cloned and identified as a microsomal Delta(12) desaturase. Expression of the gene, however, was constitutive and not, as might have been expected, seed-specific. Moreover, s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Verwoert I,Meller-Harel Y,van der Linden K,Verbree B,Koes R,Stuitje A

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nucleosomes are actively positioned along DNA by ATP-dependent, chromatin remodelling factors. A structural model for the ISW1a chromatin remodelling factor from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in complex with a dinucleosome substrate was constructed from the X-ray structures of ISW1a (ΔATPase) with and without DNA bound, tw...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richmond TJ

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A decline in mitochondrial function has long been shown to exist in neurodegenerative disease. Whether this decline is a secondary consequence of other factors or whether it causes the eventual death of a cell is unknown. In this review, we will discuss some of the major evidence surrounding mitochondrial DNA mutation...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Krishnan KJ,Reeve AK,Turnbull DM

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters play crucial roles in cellular processes, such as nutrient uptake, drug resistance, cell-volume regulation and others. Despite their importance, all proposed molecular models for transport are based on indirect evidence, i.e. functional interpretation of static crystal structure...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Husada F,Gouridis G,Vietrov R,Schuurman-Wolters GK,Ploetz E,de Boer M,Poolman B,Cordes T

更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00