The RNA- and DNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas immune systems of Pyrococcus furiosus.

abstract：:Most of the effects of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by the stimulation of the NO-sensitive GC (guanylate cyclase) and the subsequent increase in cGMP formation. The enzyme contains a prosthetic haem group, which mediates NO stimulation. In addition to the physiological activator NO, NO-sensit...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Koesling D,Mullershausen F,Lange A,Friebe A,Mergia E,Wagner C,Russwurm M

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An RNA world has been placed centre stage for explaining the origin of life. Indeed, RNA is the most plausible molecule able to form both a (self)-replicator and to inherit information, necessities for initiating genetics. However, in parallel with self-replication, the proto-organism had to obtain the ability to cata...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ralser M

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zhang H,Zhang K,Zhu JK

更新日期：2019-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Glyoxalase- and methylglyoxal-related research has required the development of quantitative and reliable techniques for the measurement of methylglyoxal-derived glycation adducts of protein and DNA. There are also other glycation adducts, oxidation adducts and nitration adducts of proteins and oxidation adducts of DNA...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rabbani N,Shaheen F,Anwar A,Masania J,Thornalley PJ

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified three groups of growth-constraint genes using mosaic genetic screens in Drosophila melanogaster, including PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, Tsc1 and Tsc2. Our studies show that all three groups of genes participate in m...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Potter CJ,Pedraza LG,Huang H,Xu T

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is clear that considerable conformational distortions may occur in peripheral proteins on interaction with anionic lipid bilayers. Specific lipid interactions do occur at least in the case of cytochrome c, and each perturbation and interaction may well take place before insertion into, or translocation across, a bi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Watts A

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The completely sequenced genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC 6803 contains several open reading frames, of which the deduced amino acid sequences show similarities to proteins known to be involved in FeS cluster synthesis of nitrogenase (Nif proteins) and other FeS proteins (Isc proteins). In this article, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Seidler A,Jaschkowitz K,Wollenberg M

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The formation of complexes between growth factor receptors and members of a family of G-protein-coupled receptors whose natural ligands are S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) and LPA (lysophosphatidic acid) represents a new signalling entity. This receptor complex allows for integrated signalling in response to growth fact...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Pyne NJ,Waters C,Moughal NA,Sambi BS,Pyne S

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is a member of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, genetic studies have demonstrated that the removal of specific Jnk genes can reduce neuronal death ass...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Davies C,Tournier C

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many quinone-reactive enzyme complexes that are part of membrane-integral eukaryotic or prokaryotic respiratory electron transport chains contain one or more haem b molecules embedded in the membrane. In recent years, various novel proteins have emerged that are devoid of haem b but are thought to fulfil a similar fun...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Simon J,Kern M

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex brains have developed specialized mechanisms for the grouping of principal cells into temporal coalitions of local or distant networks: the inhibitory interneuron 'clocking' networks. They consist of GABAergic (where GABA is gamma-aminobutyric acid) interneurons of a rich diversity. In cortical circuits, these...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Möhler H

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific recombinases are enzymes that promote precise rearrangements of DNA sequences. They do this by cutting and rejoining the DNA strands at specific positions within a pair of target sites recognized and bound by the recombinase. One group of these enzymes, the serine recombinases, initiates strand exchange ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Marshall Stark W,Boocock MR,Olorunniji FJ,Rowland SJ

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The oxidoreductase Trx-1 (thioredoxin 1) is highly conserved and found intra- and extra-cellularly in mammalian systems. There is increasing interest in its capacity to regulate immune function based on observations of altered distribution and expression during ageing and disease. We have investigated previously wheth...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Griffiths HR,Bennett SJ,Olofsson P,Dunston CR

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PET (pre-eclamptic toxaemia), characterized by pregnancy-related hypertension and proteinuria, due to widespread endothelial dysfunction, is a primary cause of maternal morbidity. Altered circulating factors, particularly the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) family of proteins and their receptors, are thought...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bates DO

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex biological machines arise from self-assembly on the basis of structural features programmed into sequence-specific macromolecules (i.e. polypeptides and polynucleotides) at the molecular level. As a consequence of the near-absolute control of macromolecular architecture that results from such sequence specific...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dublin S,Zimenkov Y,Conticello VP

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:SOEs (sulfite-oxidizing enzymes) are physiologically vital and occur in all forms of life. During the catalytic cycle, the five-co-ordinate square pyramidal oxo-molybdenum active site passes through the Mo(V) state, and intimate details of the structure can be obtained from variable frequency pulsed EPR spectroscopy t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Enemark JH,Astashkin AV,Raitsimring AM

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:[Ca(2+)](i) (intracellular Ca(2+) concentration) oscillations play a central role in the activation of T-lymphocytes by antigen. Oscillations in T-cells are absolutely dependent on Ca(2+) influx through store-operated CRAC channels (Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) channels), and evidence suggests that they arise from ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lewis RS

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The calcium-sensing receptor is a multimodal, multimetabolic sensor that mediates the feedback-dependent control of whole body calcium metabolism. Remarkably, in addition to its role in Ca(2+)(o) (extracellular Ca(2+)) sensing, the CaR (Ca(2+)-sensing receptor) also responds to L-amino acids. L-amino acids appear to a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Conigrave AD,Mun HC,Brennan SC

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, there have been significant advancements in dynamic-mode atomic force microscopy (AFM) for biological applications. With frequency modulation AFM (FM-AFM), subnanometer-scale surface structures of biomolecules such as secondary structures of proteins, phosphate groups of DNAs, and lipid-ion complexes have be...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Fukuma T

更新日期：2020-08-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyclic nucleotide PDEs (phosphodiesterases) regulate cellular levels of cAMP and cGMP by controlling the rate of degradation. Several mammalian PDE isoforms possess N-terminal GAF (found in cGMP PDEs, Anabaena adenylate cyclases and Escherichia coli FhlA; where FhlA is formate hydrogen lyase transcriptional activator)...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cann MJ

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins) are single-pass transmembrane proteins that associate with certain family-B GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors). Specifically for the CT (calcitonin) receptor-like receptor and the CT receptor, this results in profound changes in ligand binding and receptor pharmacology, al...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Conner AC,Simms J,Hay DL,Mahmoud K,Howitt SG,Wheatley M,Poyner DR

更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Regulation of protein synthesis is an important aspect of growth control. RNA polymerase (pol) III plays a key role in this process by catalysing production of tRNA and 5 S rRNA. Growth factors trigger a rapid increase in pol III activity and this is essential for cell proliferation. The transcription factor TFIIIB pl...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mauger E,Scott PH

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli FtsK is a septum-located DNA translocase that co-ordinates the late stages of cytokinesis and chromosome segregation. Relatives of FtsK are present in most bacteria; in Bacillus subtilis, the FtsK orthologue, SpoIIIE, transfers the majority of a chromosome into the forespore during sporulation. DNA tr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sherratt DJ,Arciszewska LK,Crozat E,Graham JE,Grainge I

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic experiments have established an important role for the ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8 (neural-precursor-cell-expressed developmentally down-regulated 8) in the regulation of cell growth, viability and development. It is therefore essential to identify the molecular targets for the pathway. Until recently, the c...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Xirodimas DP

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mass spectrometry (MS) provides an impressive array of information about the structure, function and interactions of proteins. In recent years, many new developments have been in the field of native MS and these exemplify a new coming of age of this field. In this mini review, we connect the latest methodological and ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Allison TM,Bechara C

更新日期：2019-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:MUPs (major urinary proteins) play an important role in chemical signalling in rodents and possibly other animals. In the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) MUPs in urine and other bodily fluids trigger a range of behavioural responses that are only partially understood. There are at least 21 Mup genes in the C57BL...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Phelan MM,McLean L,Hurst JL,Beynon RJ,Lian LY

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The metabolism in vitro of [1-(14)C]linoleate, [1-(14)C]linolenate and their 9(S)-hydroperoxides in tulip (Tulipa gesneriana) was found to be under the control of 9-lipoxygenase and allene oxide synthase, and directed towards alpha-ketol, gamma-ketol and the novel compound (12Z)-10-oxo-11-hydroxy-12-octadecadienoic ac...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Grechkin AN,Mukhtarova LS,Hamberg M

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Functional cardiomyocytes can now be derived routinely from hPSCs (human pluripotent stem cells), which collectively include embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. This technology presents new opportunities to develop pharmacologically relevant in vitro screens to detect cardiotoxicity, with a view to improving...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Dick E,Rajamohan D,Ronksley J,Denning C

更新日期：2010-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapses, points of contact between axons and dendrites, are conduits for the flow of information in the circuitry of the central nervous system. The strength of synaptic transmission reflects the interconnectedness of the axons and dendrites at synapses; synaptic strength in turn is modified by the frequency with whi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richter JD

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Alkalithermophiles are an exciting subset of extremophilic organisms and represent extremophiles that are adapted to two extreme conditions, i.e. to a combination of alkaline and thermobiotic growth conditions. Among the anaerobic alkalithermophiles are representatives of both Bacteria and Archaea within a wide variet...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Wiegel J,Kevbrin VV

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00