Novel substrates and functions for the ubiquitin-like molecule NEDD8.

abstract：:The Ca2+-mobilizing second messenger, NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate), has been with us for nearly 20 years and yet we still cannot fully agree on the identity of its target Ca2+-release channel. In spite of some recent robust challenges to the idea that two-pore channels (TPCs) represent the elu...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Morgan AJ,Davis LC,Ruas M,Galione A

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ribosome is the macromolecular machinery in the host cell for which all viruses have to compete. Early in infection, the viral mRNAs have to compete with the host for both the ribosomes and for the limited pool of eukaryotic initiation factors that are needed to facilitate the recruitment of ribosomes to both vira...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Sarnow P,Cevallos RC,Jan E

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fatty acid biosynthesis is catalysed in most bacteria by a group of highly conserved proteins known as the Type II fatty acid synthase (FAS) system. The Type II system organization is distinct from its mammalian counterpart and offers several unique sites for selective inhibition by antibacterial agents. There has bee...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Marrakchi H,Zhang YM,Rock CO

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enzymes of the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate/2-C-methylerythritol 4-phosphate (DOXP/MEP) pathway are targets for new herbicides and antibacterial drugs. Until now, no inhibitors for the DOXP synthase have been known of. We show that one of the breakdown products of the herbicide clomazone affects the DOXP synthase. O...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mueller C,Schwender J,Zeidler J,Lichtenthaler HK

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haem (Fe-protoporphyrin IX) is a cofactor found in a wide variety of proteins. It confers diverse functions, including electron transfer, the binding and sensing of gases, and many types of catalysis. The majority of cofactors are non-covalently attached to proteins. There are, however, some proteins in which the cofa...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Stevens JM,Uchida T,Daltrop O,Ferguson SJ

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many proteins self-assemble to form large supramolecular complexes. Numerous examples of these structures have been characterized, ranging from spherical viruses to tubular protein assemblies. Some new kinds of supramolecular structures are just coming to light, while it is likely there are others that have not yet be...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Yeates TO,Tsai Y,Tanaka S,Sawaya MR,Kerfeld CA

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The central role of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor A) in angiogenesis is dependent upon its ability to co-ordinately regulate multiple endothelial functions. The multifunctionality of VEGF at the cellular level results from its ability to initiate a diverse, complex and integrated network of signalling pathw...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zachary I

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much work has gone into understanding the physical basis of the enormous catalytic power of enzymes over the last 50 years or so. Nevertheless, the detailed mechanism used by Nature's catalysts to speed chemical transformations remains elusive. DHFR (dihydrofolate reductase) has served as a paradigm to study the relat...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Allemann RK,Evans RM,Loveridge EJ

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The MEK5 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)/ERK (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase) kinase 5]/ERK5 pathway is the least well studied MAPK signalling module. It has been proposed to play a role in the pathology of cancer. In the present paper, we review the role of the MEK5/ERK5 pathway using the 'hallmarks o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lochhead PA,Gilley R,Cook SJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10) is an important tumour-suppressor gene that encodes a 3-phosphatase. The major substrate of PTEN is PIP(3) (phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate) generated by the action of PI3Ks (phosphoinositide 3-kinases). Hereditary mutation of PTEN causes tumour...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Suzuki A,Hamada K,Sasaki T,Mak TW,Nakano T

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies on those enzymes and electron-transfer proteins involved in the catabolism of 'C1' substrates in methylotrophic bacteria have provided a wealth of information concerning the transfer of electrons and hydrogen by quantum tunnelling mechanisms. With regard to H-transfer, studies with MADH have provided the first...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scrutton NS

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High glucose inhibits mitochondrial respiration, known as the 'Crabtree effect', in cancer cells and possibly other cell types. The upstream pathways regulating this phenomenon are poorly understood. In diabetes, where glucose levels are elevated, the p90(RSK) (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) has received much attention as a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Redman EK,Brookes PS,Karcz MK

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in the LMNA gene, encoding the nuclear intermediate filaments the A-type lamins, result in a wide variety of diseases known as laminopathies. Some of them, such as familial partial lipodystrophy of Dunnigan and metabolic laminopathies, are characterized by lipodystrophic syndromes with altered fat distributi...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bidault G,Vatier C,Capeau J,Vigouroux C,Béréziat V

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human RAD30B gene has recently been shown to encode a novel DNA polymerase, DNA polymerase iota (poliota). The role of poliota within the cell is presently unknown, and the only clues to its cellular function come from its biochemical characterization in vitro. The aim of this short review is, therefore, to summar...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tissier A,Frank EG,McDonald JP,Vaisman A,Fernàndez de Henestrosa AR,Boudsocq F,McLenigan MP,Woodgate R

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various investigators have identified the major domain organization of LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2), which includes a GTPase ROC (Ras of complex proteins) domain followed by a COR (C-terminal of ROC) domain and a protein kinase domain. In addition, there are four domains composed of structural repeat motifs li...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mills RD,Mulhern TD,Cheng HC,Culvenor JG

更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mRNA coding for FGF-2 (fibroblast growth factor 2), a major angiogenic factor, is translated by an IRES (internal ribosome entry site)-dependent mechanism. We have studied the role of the IRES in the regulation of FGF-2 expression in vivo, under pathophysiological conditions, by creating transgenic mice lines expr...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gonzalez-Herrera IG,Prado-Lourenco L,Teshima-Kondo S,Kondo K,Cabon F,Arnal JF,Bayard F,Prats AC

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) is a member of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family that regulates a range of biological processes implicated in tumorigenesis and neurodegenerative disorders. For example, genetic studies have demonstrated that the removal of specific Jnk genes can reduce neuronal death ass...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Davies C,Tournier C

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The inositol-depletion hypothesis was suggested to explain the therapeutic mechanism of mood-stabilizing drugs. Focus was previously on the phosphatidylinositol signalling pathway and on the regulatory roles of Ins(3,4,5)P(3) and DAG (diacylglycerol). Recent findings indicate that inositol and inositol-containing mole...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Deranieh RM,Greenberg ML

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:African trypanosomes have plastic genomes with extensive variability at the chromosome ends. The genes encoding the expressed major surface protein of the infective bloodstream form stages of Trypanosoma brucei and are located at telomeres. These telomeric expression-site transcription units are turning out to be surp...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rudenko G

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA methylation at the fifth position of cytosine is a major epigenetic mark conserved in plants and mammals. Genome-wide DNA methylation patterns are dynamically controlled by integrated activities of establishment, maintenance, and removal. In both plants and mammals, a pattern of global DNA hypomethylation coupled ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Zhang H,Zhang K,Zhu JK

更新日期：2019-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Accumulating evidence indicates that beta-cells die by apoptosis in T1DM (Type 1 diabetes mellitus). Apoptosis is an active gene-directed process, and recent observations suggest that beta-cell apoptosis depends on the parallel and/or sequential up- and down-regulation of hundreds of genes controlled by key transcript...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Eizirik DL,Moore F,Flamez D,Ortis F

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CT responds to properties of PC-depleted membranes: increased negative charge density, which concentrates the enzyme at the membrane surface, and lipid packing perturbations, which create holes in the membrane surface into which the hydrophobic side chains of the amphipathic helix of domain M can intercalate. The PC-d...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cornell RB

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Growing evidence supports the view that LDs (lipid droplets) are dynamic organelles that can serve both as an intracellular signalling compartment and as an organizing platform orchestrating many vital processes in eukaryotic cells. It has become clear that the LDs-confined deposition and lipolytic degradation of neut...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Goldberg AA,Bourque SD,Kyryakov P,Boukh-Viner T,Gregg C,Beach A,Burstein MT,Machkalyan G,Richard V,Rampersad S,Titorenko VI

更新日期：2009-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The secretin receptor is prototypic of Class II GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors), based on its structural and functional characteristics and those of its natural agonist ligand. Secretin represents a linear 27-residue peptide with diffuse pharmacophoric domain. The secretin receptor includes the typical signature s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Miller LJ,Dong M,Harikumar KG,Gao F

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Identified five decades ago amongst the most abundant cellular RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) were initially described as serving as guides for the methylation and pseudouridylation of ribosomal RNA through direct base pairing. In recent years, however, increasingly powerful high-throughput genomic approaches an...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Bergeron D,Fafard-Couture É,Scott MS

更新日期：2020-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The backbones of proteins form linear chains. In the case of some proteins, these chains can be characterized as forming linear open knots. The knot type of the full chain reveals only limited information about the entanglement of the chain since, for example, subchains of an unknotted protein can form knots and subch...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rawdon EJ,Millett KC,Sułkowska JI,Stasiak A

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria are able to conduct electrons from their cytoplasmic membrane across the periplasm and the outer membrane to redox proteins located on the surface of their cells. The Mtr respiratory pathway in Shewanella is the best-understood metal-reducing pathway to date. The core components o...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Gralnick JA

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PABPs [poly(A)-binding proteins] bind to the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic mRNAs and are conserved in species ranging from yeast to human. The prototypical cytoplasmic member, PABP1, is a multifunctional RNA-binding protein with roles in global and mRNA-specific translation and stability, consistent with a function as a ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Smith RW,Blee TK,Gray NK

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In vascular endothelium, adherens junctions between endothelial cells are composed of VE-cadherin (vascular endothelial cadherin), an adhesive receptor that is crucial for the proper assembly of vascular structures and the maintenance of vascular integrity. As a classical cadherin, VE-cadherin links endothelial cells ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Taveau JC,Dubois M,Le Bihan O,Trépout S,Almagro S,Hewat E,Durmort C,Heyraud S,Gulino-Debrac D,Lambert O

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Site-specific recombinases are enzymes that promote precise rearrangements of DNA sequences. They do this by cutting and rejoining the DNA strands at specific positions within a pair of target sites recognized and bound by the recombinase. One group of these enzymes, the serine recombinases, initiates strand exchange ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Marshall Stark W,Boocock MR,Olorunniji FJ,Rowland SJ

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00