Sodium regulation of GAF domain function.

abstract：:Targeting of estrogen receptor is commonly used as a first-line treatment for hormone-positive breast cancer patients, and is considered as a keystone of systemic cancer therapy. Likewise, HER2-targeted therapy significantly improved the survival of HER2-positive breast cancer patients, indicating that targeted therap...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lev S

更新日期：2020-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Coagulation proteases are involved in a highly orchestrated proteolytic cascade which is essential for haemostasis and blood clotting. In particular, the initiator of the coagulation cascade, Factor VIIa, binds to its cofactor, tissue factor, and its substrate, Factor X, via exosite interactions to form a ternary cata...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Amour A,Hutchinson J,Ruiz Avendaño AM,Ratcliffe S,Alvarez E,Martin J,Toomey JR,Senger S,Wolfendale M,Mooney C

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammalian peroxisomes degrade fatty carboxylates via two pathways, beta-oxidation and, as shown more recently, alpha-oxidation. The latter process consists of an activation step, followed by a hydroxylation at position 2 and cleavage of the 2-hydroxyacyl-CoA, generating formyl-CoA (precursor of formate/CO(2)) and, in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Van Veldhoven PP,Casteels M,Mannaerts GP,Baes M

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An RNA world has been placed centre stage for explaining the origin of life. Indeed, RNA is the most plausible molecule able to form both a (self)-replicator and to inherit information, necessities for initiating genetics. However, in parallel with self-replication, the proto-organism had to obtain the ability to cata...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ralser M

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:CoA (coenzyme A) is a ubiquitous and essential cofactor that acts as an acyl group carrier in biochemical reactions. Apart from participating in numerous metabolic pathways as substrates and intermediates, CoA and a number of its thioester derivatives, such as acetyl-CoA, can also directly regulate the activity of pro...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tsuchiya Y,Pham U,Gout I

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A common phenotypic change in cancer is a dramatic transformation of cellular glycosylation. Functional studies of particular tumour-associated oligosaccharides are difficult to interpret conclusively, but carbohydrate-binding proteins are likely to contribute to progression of the tumour. This review discusses the po...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Saeland E,van Kooyk Y

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glyoxals are reactive alpha-oxoaldehydes that are formed endogenously from sugars, the levels of which are increased in various pathological conditions associated with hyperglycaemia and thiamine deficiency. However, the molecular cytotoxic mechanisms of glyoxal are not known. Results presented here and in the other s...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shangari N,Bruce WR,Poon R,O'Brien PJ

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The FG (female gametophyte) of flowering plants (angiosperms) is a simple highly polar structure composed of only a few cell types. The FG develops from a single cell through mitotic divisions to generate, depending on the species, four to 16 nuclei in a syncytium. These nuclei are then partitioned into three or four ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lituiev DS,Grossniklaus U

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) is a key regulator of cell growth, metabolism and survival. The frequent activation of the PI3K pathway in cancer has stimulated widespread interest in identifying potent and selective inhibitors of PI3K isoforms. The present paper highlights recent progress in identifying such molecul...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Knight ZA,Shokat KM

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The olfactory system is unique in that the sensory input is in the form of molecular information carried in a vast variety of odorants. Nearly 1000 types of odorant receptors mediate the initial detection and discrimination of odorants at the molecular-feature level. The discrimination at the molecular level is conver...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Mori K

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insect and mammalian circadian clocks show striking similarities. They utilize homologous clock genes, generating self-sustained circadian oscillations in distinct master clocks of the brain, which then control rhythmic behaviour. The molecular mechanisms of rhythm generation were first uncovered in the fruit fly Dros...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Helfrich-Förster C

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of mRNAs in eukaryotic cells are translated via a method that is dependent upon the recognition of, and binding to, the methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA, by a set of protein factors termed eIFs (eukaryotic initiation factors). However, many of the eIFs involved in this process are modified an...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： King HA,Cobbold LC,Willis AE

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Squalene epoxidase (Erg1p) is an essential enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthesis pathway in yeast. For its enzymatic activity, Erg1p requires molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H and FAD. Amino acid analysis and sequence alignment with other squalene epoxidases revealed two highly conserved FAD-binding domains, FAD I and FAD II....

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Ruckenstuhl C,Eidenberger A,Lang S,Turnowsky F

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Peptide-bond formation is the enzymatic activity of the ribosome. The catalytic site is made up of ribosomal RNA, indicating that the ribosome is a ribozyme. This review summarizes the recent progress in understanding the mechanism of peptide bond formation. The results of biochemical and kinetic experiments, mutagene...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rodnina MV,Beringer M,Bieling P

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:RDCs (residual dipolar couplings) in NMR spectroscopy provide information about protein dynamics complementary to NMR relaxation methods, especially in the previously inaccessible time window between the protein correlation time tau(c) and 50 micros. For ubiquitin, new modes of motion of the protein backbone could be ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lakomek NA,Lange OF,Walter KF,Farès C,Egger D,Lunkenheimer P,Meiler J,Grubmüller H,Becker S,de Groot BL,Griesinger C

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have identified three groups of growth-constraint genes using mosaic genetic screens in Drosophila melanogaster, including PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10), and the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) genes, Tsc1 and Tsc2. Our studies show that all three groups of genes participate in m...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Potter CJ,Pedraza LG,Huang H,Xu T

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In fluctuating environmental conditions, organisms must modulate their bioenergetic production in order to maintain cellular homeostasis for optimal fitness. Mitochondria are hubs for metabolite and energy generation. Mitochondria are also highly dynamic in their function: modulating their composition, size, density, ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Tsuboi T,Leff J,Zid BM

更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Metabolic and epidemiologic studies support the idea that the type of dietary fat is more important than the total amount of fat with respect to the development of atherosclerosis and the risk of cardiovascular heart disease. Dietary fat is carried in CMs (chylomicrons), which can be taken up by macrophages without ne...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cabello-Moruno R,Perona JS,Ruiz-Gutierrez V

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The free energy landscape can provide a quantitative description of folding dynamics, if determined as a function of an optimally chosen reaction coordinate. The profile together with the optimal coordinate allows one to directly determine such basic properties of folding dynamics as the configurations of the minima a...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Banushkina PV,Krivov SV

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vitamin E is an important nutrient with antioxidant and non-antioxidant functions, and certain evidence suggests that it has a cardiovascular protective role. It is therefore important to maintain an optimal vitamin E status. In the present paper, a number of MS applications to monitor vitamin E status and its interac...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lodge JK

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:[Ca(2+)](i) (intracellular Ca(2+) concentration) oscillations play a central role in the activation of T-lymphocytes by antigen. Oscillations in T-cells are absolutely dependent on Ca(2+) influx through store-operated CRAC channels (Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) channels), and evidence suggests that they arise from ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Lewis RS

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In T cell development, a pivotal decision-making stage, termed β-selection, integrates a TCRβ checkpoint to coordinate survival, proliferation and differentiation to an αβ T cell. Here, we review how transcriptional regulation coordinates fate determination in early T cell development to enable β-selection. Errors in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Chann AS,Russell SM

更新日期：2019-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:To investigate the roles of the PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted from chromosome 10)/PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) signalling pathway in vivo, we have generated a series of mutant mice with null or tissue-specific gene-targeted deletions of Pten. Here we present our investigations of Pten function in ...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Suzuki A,Sasaki T,Mak TW,Nakano T

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inosine residues may be introduced into long dsRNA (double-stranded RNA) molecules by the action of a family of editing enzymes, ADARs (adenosine deaminases that act on RNA). Furthermore, hyperediting of dsRNA by ADARs may result in up to 50% of adenosine residues being converted into inosine. While the effect of hype...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Scadden AD

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase) family of lipid kinases regulate cell motility in diverse organisms and cell types. In mammals, the main PI3K enzyme activated by chemokine receptor signalling is the class IB isoform, p110gamma. Studies of p110gamma-knockout mice have shown an essential function for this isoform i...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Oak JS,Matheu MP,Parker I,Cahalan MD,Fruman DA

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The analysis of deep sequencing data allows for a genome-wide overview of all the small RNA molecules (the 'sRNome') that are present in a single organism. In the present paper, we review the processing of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) RNA, C/D box sRNA (small non-coding RNA) and t...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Richter H,Mohr S,Randau L

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The backbones of proteins form linear chains. In the case of some proteins, these chains can be characterized as forming linear open knots. The knot type of the full chain reveals only limited information about the entanglement of the chain since, for example, subchains of an unknotted protein can form knots and subch...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Rawdon EJ,Millett KC,Sułkowska JI,Stasiak A

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:PINK1 [phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN)-induced putative kinase 1] is a serine/threonine kinase targeted to mitochondria and implicated in early-onset recessive Parkinson's disease (PD). Through the phosphorylation of its downstream targets, PINK1 regulates multiple mitochondrial processes, including ATP produc...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Aerts L,De Strooper B,Morais VA

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA damage is one of the most acute threats to cellular homeostasis and life. The cell responds to such damage by activating a vast array of responses, ranging from DNA repair to numerous signalling pathways, which temporarily slow down the cellular life cycle while the damage is being repaired. Sophisticated relays c...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Shiloh Y

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAGs), especially under nitrate starvation. Generally, these TAGs are predominantly constructed of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. In contrast, the TAGs of the red microalga Porphyridium cruentum are rich in arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4 omega6) and eic...

journal_title：Biochemical Society transactions

authors： Cohen Z,Khozin-Goldberg I,Adlerstein D,Bigogno C

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00