How do microRNAs regulate gene expression?

Abstract:

:miRNAs (microRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They generally bind to the 3'-UTR (untranslated region) of their target mRNAs and repress protein production by destabilizing the mRNA and translational silencing. The exact mechanism of miRNA-mediated translational repression is yet to be fully determined, but recent data from our laboratory have shown that the stage of translation which is inhibited by miRNAs is dependent upon the promoter used for transcribing the target mRNA. This review focuses on understanding how miRNA repression is operating in light of these findings and the questions that still remain.

journal_name

Biochem Soc Trans

authors

Cannell IG,Kong YW,Bushell M

doi

10.1042/BST0361224

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-12-01 00:00:00

pages

1224-31

issue

Pt 6

eissn

0300-5127

issn

1470-8752

pii

BST0361224

journal_volume

36

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 and neurological disease.

    abstract::The methyl-CpG-binding protein MeCP2 was discovered over 15 years ago as part of a search for proteins that selectively bind methylated DNA. It is a nuclear protein that is largely chromatin-bound and has a strong preference for binding to methylated DNA sequences in vivo. Evidence from model systems shows that MeCP2 ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type:

    doi:10.1042/BST0360575

    authors: Bird A

    更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00

  • Role of p90(RSK) in regulating the Crabtree effect: implications for cancer.

    abstract::High glucose inhibits mitochondrial respiration, known as the 'Crabtree effect', in cancer cells and possibly other cell types. The upstream pathways regulating this phenomenon are poorly understood. In diabetes, where glucose levels are elevated, the p90(RSK) (p90 ribosomal S6 kinase) has received much attention as a...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST20120277

    authors: Redman EK,Brookes PS,Karcz MK

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Thioredoxin as a putative biomarker and candidate target in age-related immune decline.

    abstract::The oxidoreductase Trx-1 (thioredoxin 1) is highly conserved and found intra- and extra-cellularly in mammalian systems. There is increasing interest in its capacity to regulate immune function based on observations of altered distribution and expression during ageing and disease. We have investigated previously wheth...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20140162

    authors: Griffiths HR,Bennett SJ,Olofsson P,Dunston CR

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • Negative feedback in NO/cGMP signalling.

    abstract::Most of the effects of the signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by the stimulation of the NO-sensitive GC (guanylate cyclase) and the subsequent increase in cGMP formation. The enzyme contains a prosthetic haem group, which mediates NO stimulation. In addition to the physiological activator NO, NO-sensit...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST20051119

    authors: Koesling D,Mullershausen F,Lange A,Friebe A,Mergia E,Wagner C,Russwurm M

    更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00

  • Biogenesis of the signal recognition particle.

    abstract::Assembly of ribonucleoprotein complexes is a facilitated quality-controlled process that typically includes modification to the RNA component from precursor to mature form. The SRP (signal recognition particle) is a cytosolic ribonucleoprotein that catalyses protein targeting to the endoplasmic reticulum. Assembly of ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0381093

    authors: Leung E,Brown JD

    更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00

  • Homologous recombination in the archaea: the means justify the ends.

    abstract::The process of information exchange between two homologous DNA duplexes is known as homologous recombination (HR) or double-strand break repair (DSBR), depending on the context. HR is the fundamental process underlying the genome shuffling that expands genetic diversity (for example during meiosis in eukaryotes). DSBR...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0390015

    authors: White MF

    更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00

  • The RNA- and DNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas immune systems of Pyrococcus furiosus.

    abstract::Using the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus, we have delineated several key steps in CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) invader defence pathways. P. furiosus has seven transcriptionally active CRISPR loci that together encode a total of 200 crRNAs (CRISPR RNAs...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20130056

    authors: Terns RM,Terns MP

    更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00

  • Glycative stress and glyoxalase in kidney disease and aging.

    abstract::Glycation is one of the important reactions regulating physiological state, and glycative stress, namely an overwhelming and unfavourable glycation state, is established as a pathological factor. Glycative stress is closely associated with not only various kidney diseases, but also kidney aging. Accumulating evidence,...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20140007

    authors: Inagi R

    更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00

  • Mechanistic and functional diversity in the mechanosensory kinases of the titin-like family.

    abstract::The giant cytoskeletal kinases of the titin-like family are emerging as key mediators of stretch-sensing in muscle. It is thought that their elastic conformational deformation during muscle function regulates both their catalysis and the recruitment of regulatory proteins to signalosomes that assemble in their vicinit...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20130085

    authors: Mayans O,Benian GM,Simkovic F,Rigden DJ

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00

  • Methylation of the ESR1 CpG island in the colorectal mucosa is an 'all or nothing' process in healthy human colon, and is accelerated by dietary folate supplementation in the mouse.

    abstract::ESR1 is frequently silenced by CGI (CpG island) methylation, both in human colorectal tumours and, in an age-dependent manner, in healthy mucosa. It is not clear, however, whether methylation of individual cytosines occurs randomly within the epithelial genome, or preferentially within individual cells as an 'all-or-n...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST0330709

    authors: Belshaw NJ,Elliott GO,Williams EA,Mathers JC,Buckley L,Bahari B,Johnson IT

    更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00

  • Searching for the ideal forms of proteins.

    abstract::A modification of the Structure Alignment Program (SAP), combined with a novel automatic method for the definition of structural elements, correctly identified the core folds of a variety of small beta/alpha proteins when compared with a series of ideal architectures. This approach opens the possibility of not just de...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/bst0280264

    authors: Taylor WR

    更新日期:2000-02-01 00:00:00

  • PI3K-signalling in B- and T-cells: insights from gene-targeted mice.

    abstract::Phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are important signalling enzymes in most cell types. Recent gene targeting studies have shed light on the importance of this family of lipid kinases in the immune system, and the complex mechanisms by which these kinases are regulated in vivo. We have recently reported a phenotype of...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0310270

    authors: Okkenhaug K,Vanhaesebroeck B

    更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00

  • Tetraspanins in the humoral immune response.

    abstract::The tetraspanins represent a large superfamily of four-transmembrane proteins that are expressed on all nucleated cells. Tetraspanins play a prominent role in the organization of the plasma membrane by co-ordinating the spatial localization of transmembrane proteins and signalling molecules into 'tetraspanin microdoma...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0390512

    authors: van Spriel AB

    更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00

  • The activation of the CGRP receptor.

    abstract::The CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptide) receptor is a family B GPCR (G-protein-coupled receptor). It consists of a GPCR, CLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor) and an accessory protein, RAMP1 (receptor activity modifying protein 1). RAMP1 is needed for CGRP binding and also cell-surface expression of CLR. CLR is a...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20120251

    authors: Barwell J,Wheatley M,Conner AC,Taddese B,Vohra S,Reynolds CA,Poyner DR

    更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00

  • Deciphering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease through metabolomics.

    abstract::Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver disorders in industrialized countries. NAFLD develops in the absence of alcohol abuse and encompasses a wide spectrum of disorders ranging from benign fatty liver to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NASH often leads to fibrosis, cirrhosis a...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20140138

    authors: Cano A,Alonso C

    更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00

  • Developing chemokine mutants with improved proteoglycan affinity and knocked-out GPCR activity as anti-inflammatory recombinant drugs.

    abstract::The interaction of chemokines and GAGs (glycosaminoglycans) on endothelial surfaces is a crucial step for establishing a chemotactic gradient which leads to the functional presentation of chemokines to their GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) and thus to activation of approaching leucocytes. Based on molecular modell...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0340435

    authors: Potzinger H,Geretti E,Brandner B,Wabitsch V,Piccinini AM,Rek A,Kungl AJ

    更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00

  • Collagen gene structure.

    abstract::The collagens of vertebrates may be divided into three groups according to chain size and whether or not the helical domains are continuous. Present evidence suggests that, at least within one of these groups, similarity between collagens is reflected in the organization of the genes that encode them. Early evidence s...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0160661

    authors: Dalgleish R

    更新日期:1988-10-01 00:00:00

  • The kinase triad, AMPK, mTORC1 and ULK1, maintains energy and nutrient homoeostasis.

    abstract::In order for cells to divide in a proficient manner, they must first double their biomass, which is considered to be the main rate-limiting phase of cell proliferation. Cell growth requires an abundance of energy and biosynthetic precursors such as lipids and amino acids. Consequently, the energy and nutrient status o...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20130030

    authors: Dunlop EA,Tee AR

    更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00

  • Green oxidations with laccase-mediator systems.

    abstract::Laccases are oxidase enzymes produced by 'white rot' fungi as part of a complex armoury of redox enzymes used to break down lignin--part of the carbon cycle of nature. Laccases alone or in combination with redox co-catalysts have been shown to oxidize xenobiotic compounds under conditions that can be described as 'gre...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST20060304

    authors: Wells A,Teria M,Eve T

    更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00

  • Chloroplast lipid synthesis and lipid trafficking through ER-plastid membrane contact sites.

    abstract::Plant chloroplasts contain an intricate photosynthetic membrane system, the thylakoids, and are surrounded by two envelope membranes at which thylakoid lipids are assembled. The glycoglycerolipids mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerol, and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol as well as phosphatidylglycerol, are present in th...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20110752

    authors: Wang Z,Benning C

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Emerging functions of alternative splicing coupled with nonsense-mediated decay.

    abstract::Higher eukaryotes rely on AS (alternative splicing) of pre-mRNAs (mRNA precursors) to generate more than one protein product from a single gene and to regulate mRNA stability and translational activity. An important example of the latter function involves an interplay between AS and NMD (nonsense-mediated decay), a cy...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST20140066

    authors: Hamid FM,Makeyev EV

    更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00

  • Roles of PPARdelta in the control of muscle development and metabolism.

    abstract::PPARdelta (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta)-specific agonists decrease plasma lipids and insulinaemia in obese animals. As skeletal muscle is one of the major organs for fatty acid catabolism, we have investigated the roles of the nuclear receptor in the control of muscle development and lipid metabol...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0311130

    authors: Grimaldi PA

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • Definitive endoderm: a key step in coaxing human embryonic stem cells into transplantable beta-cells.

    abstract::Using the Edmonton protocol, a number of patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus have remained insulin-independent for prolonged periods of time. In spite of this success, transplantation of islets from cadaver donors will remain a therapy for very few patients owing to a lack of donors. Thus, if cell therapy should be...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0360272

    authors: Semb H

    更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00

  • Initiation of meiotic recombination by formation of DNA double-strand breaks: mechanism and regulation.

    abstract::Homologous recombination is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis in most sexual organisms. Meiotic recombination is initiated by the formation of DSBs (DNA double-strand breaks) made by the Spo11 protein. We review here recent findings pertaining to protein-protein interactions important for DS...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0340523

    authors: Keeney S,Neale MJ

    更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00

  • Regulation of cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) gene expression.

    abstract::The Cat family of genes have revealed unexpected complexity and regulation. The first 5 years of research have been productive, yet many important questions remain to be addressed. A major problem for the field of amino acid transport is a severe paucity of data on the structure of these proteins and their arrangement...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/bst0240846

    authors: MacLeod CL

    更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00

  • Mitochondrial respiration at low levels of oxygen and cytochrome c.

    abstract::In the intracellular microenvironment of active muscle tissue, high rates of respiration are maintained at near-limiting oxygen concentrations. The respiration of isolated heart mitochondria is a hyperbolic function of oxygen concentration and half-maximal rates were obtained at 0.4 and 0.7 microM O(2) with substrates...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/

    authors: Gnaiger E,Kuznetsov AV

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • Dietary meat, endogenous nitrosation and colorectal cancer.

    abstract::Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in developed countries such as the U.K., but incidence rates around the world vary approx. 20-fold. Diet is thought to be a key factor determining risk: red and processed meat, but not white meat or fish, are associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. The ...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0351355

    authors: Kuhnle GG,Bingham SA

    更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00

  • Allosteric modulators of metabotropic glutamate receptors: lessons learnt from mGlu1, mGlu2 and mGlu5 potentiators and antagonists.

    abstract::Although relatively few G-protein-coupled receptors are Class C, in recent years, this small family of receptors has become a focal point for the discovery of new and exciting allosteric modulators. The mGlu (metabotropic glutamate) receptors are illustrative in the discovery of both positive and/or negative allosteri...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0320881

    authors: Johnson MP,Nisenbaum ES,Large TH,Emkey R,Baez M,Kingston AE

    更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00

  • An update on lipotoxic endoplasmic reticulum stress in pancreatic beta-cells.

    abstract::The UPR (unfolded protein response) or ER (endoplasmic reticulum) stress response was first described 20 years ago. The field of ER stress has expanded tremendously since, moving from basic biology in yeast to human neurodegenerative, inflammatory, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases. The ER stress response has als...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1042/BST0360909

    authors: Cnop M,Igoillo-Esteve M,Cunha DA,Ladrière L,Eizirik DL

    更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00

  • A study of the horseradish peroxidase catalytic site by FTIR spectroscopy.

    abstract::Vibrational changes in the catalytic site of horseradish peroxidase were investigated by FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy in the 1000-2500 cm(-1) range. Difference spectra were generated by photolysis of the haemII-CO compound at different pH/pD values. The spectra report on the fine structure around the...

    journal_title:Biochemical Society transactions

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1042/BST0330886

    authors: Ingledew WJ,Rich PR

    更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00