Abstract：
:Applications are emerging that require the creation of fine-scale structures in three dimensions--examples include scaffolds for tissue engineering, micro-fluidic devices and photonic materials that control light propagation over a range of frequencies. But writing methods such as dip-pen nanolithography and ink-jet printing are either confined to two dimensions or beset by wetting and spreading problems. Here we use concentrated polyelectrolyte inks to write three-dimensional microperiodic structures directly without using masks. Our technique enables us to write arbitrary three-dimensional patterns whose features are nearly two orders of magnitude smaller than those attained with other multilayer printing techniques.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Gratson GM,Xu M,Lewis JAdoi
10.1038/428386akeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-03-25 00:00:00pages
386issue
6981eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
428386ajournal_volume
428pub_type
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