Abstract:
:The central role of the placenta in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia is undisputed. The evidence that maternal syndrome of pre-eclampsia is caused by a maternal systemic inflammatory response (MSIR) is reviewed. The polymorphic nature of the inflammatory network explains the diversity of the varied signs of this condition. A key observation is that an MSIR is also a feature of normal third trimester pregnancy, but less severe than in pre-eclampsia. Hence pre-eclampsia is simply the extreme end of a continuum common to all pregnancies, with multiple contributing factors. Evidence is presented that apoptotic or necrotic debris shed from the syncytial surface of the placenta constitutes the inflammatory stimulus in all pregnancies. This model explains many features of pre-eclampsia including its occurrence with either larger placentae or small oxidatively stressed placentae. The clinical implications are that in terms of diagnosis or prediction there can never be a clear distinction between normal and abnormal. No test, predictive or diagnostic, can be expected to distinguish absolutely between different degrees of a problem that is common to all pregnancies. The possibility that the MSIR associated with third trimester pregnancy is nothing more than the maternal price for sustaining gestation is considered. Insulin resistance is a feature of normal pregnancy and also of systemic inflammatory states in non-pregnant individuals. It has been previously proposed that the insulin resistance of pregnancy is an important adaptation to divert maternal glucose to meet the needs of the foetus. Hence the MSIR, by causing maternal insulin resistance, may have substantial foetal advantages so long as it is not too severe.
journal_name
Placentajournal_title
Placentaauthors
Redman CW,Sargent ILdoi
10.1053/plac.2002.0930keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2003-04-01 00:00:00pages
S21-7eissn
0143-4004issn
1532-3102pii
S0143400402909306journal_volume
24 Suppl Apub_type
杂志文章,评审相关文献
PLACENTA文献大全abstract::Human amniotic epithelium from patients with normal pregnancy (normal amniotic epithelium) and from patients with materno-fetal rhesus incompatibility has been examined under the light and electron microscope. In comparison with normal amniotic epithelium, the epithelium in rhesus incompatibility displays the followin...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(81)80038-0
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascularization within the human placenta is the result of the de novo formation of vessels derived from pluripotent precursor cells in the mesenchymal core of the villi. Vascularization of placental villi starts at around day 21 post conception (p.c.) with a four somite embryo. At this stage progenitors of haemangiog...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2003.11.011
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Our objective was to evaluate whether antiphospholipid antibody-containing sera could play a regulatory role in signal transduction induced by gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) when incubated with normal human trophoblast cells. To test this hypothesis we established an in vitro placental culture system in which ...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0143-4004(95)90083-7
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The marginal zone of the human term placenta was studied by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry using antibodies against cytoskeletal filaments, extracellular matrix molecules and endothelial markers. The marginal sinus of the intervillous space is separated from the chorionic and basal plates by...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/plac.1999.0455
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A was assayed in the blood of 347 women during pregnancy, using a new primary standard of PAPP-A as reference. The protein was assayed by antibody-antigen crossed electrophoresis with the lower limit of confident assay being 9.5 micrograms PAPP-A/ml (13 pmol/ml). PAPP-A was first de...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(82)80020-9
更新日期:1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Combined staining of non-cultured interphase nuclei from hydatidiform moles with distamycin A and DAPI resulted in the presence of specific stained interphase bodies. A mean number of six interphase bodies was observed in moles with a diploid karyotype and a mean number of nine interphase bodies was observed in triplo...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0143-4004(85)80046-1
更新日期:1985-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that pregnancies complicated by placentas with an isolated single umbilical artery (iSUA) are at increased risk for small-for-gestational-age (SGA) births. The etiology of SGA in this population, however, remains unknown. OBJECTIVE:The primary objective of this study was to evalu...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2017.09.001
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Annexins are soluble proteins that bind to biological membranes containing negatively charged phospholipids, principally phosphatidylserine, in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Annexin-A5 (AnxA5), the smallest member of the annexin family, presents unique properties of membrane binding and self-assembly into ordered two-dim...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2015.01.193
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous clinical studies have shown the efficacy of a two-stage surgical procedure - the induced membrane (IM) technique - for reconstruction of large bone defects or bone non-union. The first stage involves radical debridement and insertion of a cement spacer into the bone defect. The second stage, performed weeks t...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2017.06.340
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Based on a variety of tissue samples, including Caesarean hysterectomy specimens with the placenta in situ, a detailed map of uteroplacental vascular lesions was established in over a century of research. One such lesion is acute atherosis of unremodelled basal and uteroplacental arteries, defined by the presence of f...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2020.06.012
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in placental remodelling throughout pregnancy. Diabetes mellitus induces alterations in tissue production of NO, a regulator of MMPs activity. The present work evaluates placental and fetal MMPs and NO levels during midpregnancy in neonatal streptozotocin-induced diabetic ...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2004.06.011
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Placental thickness in the second trimester of pregnancy has been associated with risks of placenta-mediated complications of pregnancy. We aimed to estimate the association between first-trimester maximum placental thickness and the subsequent risk of preeclampsia and/or the delivery of small-for-gestatio...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2017.06.016
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intrauterine inflammation contributes to neonatal infection-related morbidity. A new histological framework of placental inflammation has recently been proposed; however, the association between this method and clinical findings has not been defined. To assess the clinical relevance of this system, we studied placenta...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2015.10.021
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twinning and placental fusion occur at a low frequency in species like humans and mice. They are linked to reduced birth weight and intertwin growth discrepancy with important consequences for perinatal survival. Despite this, little is known about the histological characteristics of the twin or fused placenta and how...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2020.10.036
更新日期:2020-11-02 00:00:00
abstract::Human placental villi from both normal and complicated pregnancies were examined by both light and scanning electron microscopy. The findings provide evidence that histological features such as syncytial sprouts, bridges, and a net-like arrangement of villi represent tangential sections of irregularly shaped villi rat...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0143-4004(87)90047-6
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The clinical features of the maternal syndrome of pre-eclampsia can be explained by generalised maternal endothelial cell dysfunction, which is a part of a more global maternal systemic inflammatory response. There is growing evidence that these effects are associated with the shedding of cellular debris, including sy...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2008.08.018
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Accumulation of advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs) is prevalent in obesity, advanced maternal age, diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Alterations in the regulation and signaling of angiogenic pathways have been recognized as a link between these conditions and pre-eclampsia. To investigate the ...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2013.06.308
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maturation of the fetal hypothalamic-pituitary-axis may be an important factor in the stimulation of the onset of parturition. Recent studies have found that corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH), the hypothalamic component of this axis is also present in the placenta and the fetal membranes. We review the evidence d...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0143-4004(91)90015-8
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Embryo implantation in the human and rodents relies on the trophoblast's ability to invade into the uterine stroma, partly depending on proteinases degrading components of basement membrane and underlying extracellular matrix (ECM). We have utilized mouse trophoblast stem (TS) cells (Science, 1998, 282:2072) to study ...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2006.01.020
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In order to characterize the expression of adrenomedullin during pregnancy, we measured the mature and total concentrations in maternal plasma and amniotic fluid, and examined its expression in fetoplacental tissues. Plasma samples were obtained from 13 normal normotensive non-pregnant women and 14 normal normotensive...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/plac.2000.0604
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Epigenetics is tissue-specific and potentially even cell-specific, but little information is available from human reproductive studies about the concordance of DNA methylation patterns in cord blood and placenta, as well as within-placenta variations. We evaluated methylation levels at promoter regions of ca...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2014.06.371
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxidase (Donor: H(2)O(2)oxidoreductase EC 1.11.1.7) from human term placentae of non-smokers was purified to homogeneity by a combination of NH(4)Cl extraction, affinity chromatography, (NH(4))(2)SO(4)precipitation, ion-exchange and gel filtration chromatography. The homogeneity of purified human placental peroxida...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1053/plac.2000.0537
更新日期:2000-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A long and productive history of studies at high altitude has demonstrated that chronic hypoxia plays a key role in the aetiology of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and pre-eclampsia. Susceptibility to altitude-associated IUGR varies among high-altitude populations in relation to their duration of altitude expo...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,评审
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2004.01.008
更新日期:2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autophagy is an inducible catabolic process activated during compromised conditions, such as hypoxia. Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a syndrome of disturbed neurological function. No absolute prognostic indicators are available at birth to identify neonates at high risk to develop NE. Immunohistochemical staining wit...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2013.09.004
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Histiotrophe is now recognized as being an important feature of early human pregnancy, providing nutrients and growth factors to the developing embryo. Our aim was to examine the glycan composition of histiotrophe from first trimester decidua and to compare it with secretions present in endometrial glands fr...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2010.04.011
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether telomere shortening may play a role in senescence of the placenta. STUDY DESIGN:Villous tissue was collected from single, random sites of full-term placentas (39-41 weeks of gestation; n=10) as well as multiple, specific sites of the same placenta (39-41 weeks of gestation; n=5). For t...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2006.04.003
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human placental tissues have been shown to contain gonadotrophin-releasing hormone-(GnRH)-like activity. Thus, the effect of a potent GnRH antagonist (N-Ac-Pro1,D-p-Cl-Phe2,D-Nal(2)3,6-GnRH, obtained from Syntex Laboratories) on placental hormonal release was studied. Explant cultures of placentae of 6 to 15 weeks' ge...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0143-4004(87)90035-x
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Workshops are an important part of the IFPA annual meeting as they allow for discussion of specialised topics. At IFPA meeting 2013 there were twelve themed workshops, three of which are summarized in this report. These workshops related to various aspects of placental biology but collectively covered areas of placent...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type:
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2013.11.009
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The visceral yolk sac (VYS) is responsible for a major part of the amino acid nutrition of the early post-implantation rat embryo and possibly also at the fetal stage of gestation. The mechanism involves endocytic uptake of proteins by the tissue's epithelial cells followed by intralysosomal digestion to amino acids. ...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0143-4004(77)90009-1
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pregnancy induces a number of alterations to maternal physiology to accommodate the increased demands made by the developing fetus and placenta. These alterations appear at least in part to be driven by products derived from the feto-placental unit, including microchimeric cells, as well as placental exosomes and micr...
journal_title:Placenta
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2011.11.005
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00