Hepatitis C: molecular virology and antiviral targets.

abstract：:The transcription factor SOX9 is crucial for multiple aspects of development. Mutations in SOX9 cause campomelic dysplasia, a haploinsufficiency disorder concordant with the expression profile of SOX9 during embryogenesis. The mechanistic understanding of development has revealed roles for SOX9 in regulating cartilage...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Pritchett J,Athwal V,Roberts N,Hanley NA,Hanley KP

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular calcification or ectopic mineralization in blood vessels is an active, cell-regulated process, increasingly recognized as a general cardiovascular risk factor. Remarkably, ectopic artery mineralization is frequently accompanied by decreased bone mineral density or disturbed bone turnover. This contradictory a...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Persy V,D'Haese P

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The clinical syndromes comprising urinary tract infection (UTI) continue to exert significant impact on millions of patients worldwide, most of whom are otherwise healthy women. Antibiotic therapy for acute cystitis does not prevent recurrences, which plague up to one fourth of women after an initial UTI. Rising antim...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： McLellan LK,Hunstad DA

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein S-nitrosylation constitutes a large part of the ubiquitous influence of nitric oxide on cellular signal transduction and accumulating evidence indicates important roles for S-nitrosylation both in normal physiology and in a broad spectrum of human diseases. Here we review recent findings that implicate S-nitro...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Foster MW,Hess DT,Stamler JS

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is on the cusp of a new era. Until now, standard-of-care therapy has involved interferon (IFN) and ribavirin. With the first successful Phase III trials of specific targeted antiviral therapy for HCV (STAT-C) compounds, as well as three trials in progress giving the first ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Gelman MA,Glenn JS

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:miRNAs are small, noncoding RNAs that not only regulate gene expression within cells, but might also constitute promising extracellular biomarkers for a variety of pathologies, including the progressive muscle-wasting disorder Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). A set of muscle-enriched miRNAs, the myomiRs (miR-1, miR-...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Coenen-Stass AML,Wood MJA,Roberts TC

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The innate immune system uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to sense invading microbes and initiate a rapid protective response. PRRs bind and are activated by structural motifs, such as nucleic acids or bacterial and fungal cell wall components, collectively known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns. PRR...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Ranjan P,Bowzard JB,Schwerzmann JW,Jeisy-Scott V,Fujita T,Sambhara S

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sex differences have been clinically documented in numerous neurodegenerative diseases and yet the reasons for these differences are not well understood. Recent studies have found that microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, are a key cell type involved in neurodegenerative diseases. This cel...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Kodama L,Gan L

更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Endogenous brain repair after stroke involves a set of highly interactive processes, such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, oligodendrogenesis, synaptogenesis, and axonal outgrowth, which together orchestrate neurological recovery. During the past several years, there have been advances in our understanding of miRNAs and...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Zhang ZG,Chopp M

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, is characterized by fatty infiltration of the liver, inflammation, hepatocellular damage and fibrosis. Progress has been made in understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of this condition,...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Marra F,Gastaldelli A,Svegliati Baroni G,Tell G,Tiribelli C

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human natural killer (NK) and gamma delta (gammadelta) T cells are potent effectors involved in the destruction of abnormal cells. Accumulating clinical and experimental data point towards a key role for NK cells and gammadelta T cells in the control of most, if not all, haematological malignancies. This review focuse...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Rey J,Veuillen C,Vey N,Bouabdallah R,Olive D

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The placenta is central to foetal growth and development in mammalian pregnancy. Compromised placental function (as found in pre-eclampsia) often results in life-threatening situations for both mother and foetus. The nitric-oxide (NO) signalling cascade is important for placental function, in particular for the develo...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Vatish M,Randeva HS,Grammatopoulos DK

更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MALT1 is a signaling protein that plays a key role in immunity, inflammation, and lymphoid malignancies. For a long time MALT1 was believed to function as a scaffold protein, providing an assembly platform for other signaling proteins. This view changed dramatically when MALT1 was also found to have proteolytic activi...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Demeyer A,Staal J,Beyaert R

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Post-transcriptional RNA editing generates novel gene products by changing the coding sequence of the transcript from that in the genome. Two classes of RNA editing exist in mammals, each of which involves an enzymatic deamination. These reactions have stringent sequence and structural requirements for their target RN...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Anant S,Davidson NO

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Induction of pathogen-specific binding antibodies has long been considered a signature of protective immunity following vaccination and infection. The humoral immune response is a complex network of antibodies that target different specificities and drive different functions, collectively acting to limit and clear inf...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Gunn BM,Alter G

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The systemic inflammatory response is biologically complex, redundant, and activated by both infectious and noninfectious triggers. Its manipulation can cause both benefit and harm. More than 100 randomized clinical trials have tested the hypothesis that modulating the septic response to infection can improve survival...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Marshall JC

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The efficacy of drugs administered by traditional routes is limited by numerous biological barriers that preclude reaching the intended site of action. Further, full body systemic exposure leads to dose-limiting, off-target side effects. Topical formulations may provide more efficacious drug and nucleic acid delivery ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Zierden HC,Josyula A,Shapiro RL,Hsueh HT,Hanes J,Ensign LM

更新日期：2021-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Ten percent of inherited diseases are caused by premature termination codon (PTC) mutations that lead to degradation of the mRNA template and to the production of a non-functional, truncated polypeptide. In addition, many acquired mutations in cancer introduce similar PTCs. In 1999, proof-of-concept for treating these...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Bidou L,Allamand V,Rousset JP,Namy O

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, we explore the potential of single-cell genomic analysis in blood for early detection of cancer; we consider a method that screens the presence of recurrent patterns of copy number (CN) alterations using sparse single-cell sequencing. We argue for feasibility, based on in silico analysis of existing single-cell ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Krasnitz A,Kendall J,Alexander J,Levy D,Wigler M

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:H(2)O(2) is a reactive oxygen species that has drawn much interest because of its role as a second messenger in receptor-mediated signaling. Mammalian 2-Cys peroxiredoxins have been shown to eliminate efficiently the H(2)O(2) generated in response to receptor stimulation. 2-Cys peroxiredoxins are members of a novel pe...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Kang SW,Rhee SG,Chang TS,Jeong W,Choi MH

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin is an important neurohormonal factor that has been implicated in cardiovascular function. It can regulate vascular tone, act directly on cardiomyocytes and stimulate chemosensitive nerves in the heart. Cardiovascular dysfunction is observed when serotonin signaling is altered or when variation in serotonin c...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Côté F,Fligny C,Fromes Y,Mallet J,Vodjdani G

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA vaccination is currently being explored as a potential strategy for combatting cancer. However, tumor antigens are often weak and the immune system of patients may be compromised. For B-cell tumors, immunoglobulin idiotypic antigens provide defined targets but are poorly immunogenic. Fusion of a sequence derived f...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Zhu D,Rice J,Savelyeva N,Stevenson FK

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Migraine is a complex, disabling disorder of the brain that manifests itself as attacks of often severe, throbbing head pain with sensory sensitivity to light, sound and head movement. There is a clear familial tendency to migraine, which has been well defined in a rare autosomal dominant form of familial hemiplegic m...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Goadsby PJ

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The identification of functionally relevant polymorphisms of peptidylarginine deiminase 4, an enzyme that catalyzes the post-translational citrullination of proteins, as a rheumatoid arthritis gene is one of the most convincing success stories of complex disease gene mapping to date. In addition to an extensive single...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Worthington J,John S

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In STEM, and particularly in science, many early career researchers find themselves isolated and lacking guidance. There is an enormous need to connect early career scientists with experienced professionals outside their immediate work environment. A new initiative aims to create a supportive community to foster commu...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Tomasello DL

更新日期：2019-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are currently being tested in clinical trials for the treatment of various diseases owing to the ease of generating and expanding these cells, the ability to differentiate them into various specialized mesenchymal tissue types and their immunosuppressive properties. However, their immunom...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Gebler A,Zabel O,Seliger B

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Innovative sequencing techniques now allow the routine access of whole genomes of pathogens, generating vast amounts of data. Phylogenetic trees are a common method for synthesizing this information. Unfortunately, these trees are often seen only as a visual support to guide researchers, thus neglecting the value of e...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Hartfield M,Murall CL,Alizon S

更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human skin responds to numerous neurohormones, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters that reach it via the vasculature or skin nerves, and/or are generated intracutaneously, thus acting in a para- and autocrine manner. This review focuses on how neurohormones impact on human skin physiology and pathology. We highlight ...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Ramot Y,Böhm M,Paus R

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in whirlin, a putative PDZ scaffold protein, have recently been shown to cause deafness and short cochlear hair cell stereocilia in whirler mice and recessive deafness (DFNB31) in humans. Through its PDZ domains, whirlin might organize a group of proteins into a functional complex required for stereocilia el...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Belyantseva IA,Labay V,Boger ET,Griffith AJ,Friedman TB

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein network protecting the stability of the genome is defective in Fanconi anemia (FA). The newest in a series of FA proteins is involved in DNA damage response, but the mechanism is still unclear. Clues may come from yeast two-hybrid experiments, an extraordinarily successful tool for determining molecular fu...

journal_title：Trends in molecular medicine

authors： Hoatlin M,Reuter T

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00