Abstract：
:The crucial clinical problem in leprosy is the occurrence of acute inflammatory episodes that lead to nerve damage, even after the infecting organisms have been killed by antibiotics. We suggest that the instability of these inflammatory sites is attributable to a disturbance of the role that nerves play in the regulation of inflammation. The destruction of sensory C fibers and sympathetic innervation will remove anti-inflammatory feedback circuits. Moreover, diminishing levels of neuropeptides and changes in the cytokine profile will affect the cortisol-sensitivity of infiltrating T cells, and modulate the cortisol-cortisone shuttle so that the inflammatory site becomes resistant to physiological levels of anti-inflammatory adrenocortical steroids.
journal_name
Trends Immunoljournal_title
Trends in immunologyauthors
Rook GA,Lightman SL,Heijnen CJdoi
10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02090-7keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
18-22issue
1eissn
1471-4906issn
1471-4981pii
S1471490601020907journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:The typical functions of antibodies are based on linking the process of antigen recognition with initiation of innate immune reactions. With the introduction of modern research technologies and the use of sophisticated model systems, recent years have witnessed the discovery of a number of noncanonical functions of an...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.03.006
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glioblastoma is an aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor. While the blockade of immune checkpoints leads to reversal of T cell exhaustion in many cancers, the efficacy of this therapy in glioblastoma requires further consideration of the brain microenvironment beyond T cell activity. Neural cells are crucially ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.11.005
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the years, the role of the eosinophil in asthma and allergic processes has been disputed. Recent human experiments using a humanised monoclonal antibody to interleukin-5 (IL-5), and animal studies involving specific IL-5 gene deletion, indicates that eosinophils might control downstream repair and remodelling pro...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.07.006
更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Psoriasis is a complex inflammatory process resulting from activation of the well-defined interleukin (IL)-23/T17 cytokine axis. We review the role of key cytokines IL-17 and IL-23 in psoriasis, as well as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α, focusing on therapeutic cytokine interventions and what they reveal about psoriatic...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.11.005
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of chronic, progressive disorders characterized by the gradual loss of neurons in discrete areas of the central nervous system (CNS). The mechanism(s) underlying their progressive nature remains unknown but a timely and well-controlled inflammatory reaction is essential for the i...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2008.05.002
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, histone post-translational modifications and miRNAs, are induced in B cells by the same stimuli that drive the antibody response. They play major roles in regulating somatic hypermutation (SHM), class switch DNA recombination (CSR), and differentiation to plasma cells or long...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.03.006
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:γδ T lymphocytes are involved in the stress response to injured epithelia and in tissue homeostasis by limiting the dissemination of malignant or infected cells and by regulating the nature of the subsequent adaptive immune response. γδ T cells have potent MHC-unrestricted cytotoxicity, a high potential for cytokine r...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.01.006
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolutionarily, how RAG endonucleases in vertebrate immune systems could shed dangerous transposon-like propensities, and instead, support the organized assembly of antigen receptor variable domains, has been unclear. Recent structural work by Schatz and colleagues (Nature, 2019) identifies features of the RAG endonuc...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.06.007
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recent Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic has created an urgent need for a safe and effective vaccine. There is still a dearth of knowledge about ZIKV immunity, but years of investigation into the immunobiology of other flaviviruses has helped to accelerate the development of a ZIKV vaccine. Although the humoral immune re...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.05.004
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T cells, as orchestrators of the adaptive immune response, serve important physiological and potentially therapeutic roles, for example in cancer immunotherapy. T cells are readily isolated from patients; however, the yield of antigen-specific T cells is limited, thus making their clinical use challenging. Therefore, ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2016.09.008
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:T follicular helper (TFH) cells are characteristically defined by their CXCR5 positivity and homing to B cell follicles in secondary lymphoid organs (SLO). An expanded subpopulation of functionally comparable and phenotypically similar PD-1hiCXCR5-CD4+ T cells were recently identified in breast cancer (BC) and rheumat...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2017.10.003
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nitrosation of thiol-containing proteins is a mechanism for cell regulation. Nitric-oxide-releasing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NO-NSAIDs) are chemical entities obtained by adding a nitroxybutyl moiety to a conventional NSAID. NO-NSAIDs inhibit inflammation via cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-dependent and -independen...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)01904-4
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many patients suffer from neuropathic pain as a result of injury to the peripheral nervous system (e.g. post-herpetic neuralgia or diabetic neuropathy) or to the central nervous system (e.g. spinal cord injury or stroke). The most distinctive symptom of neuropathic pain is allodynia, whereby normally non-painful stimu...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2005.08.001
更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent epidemiological studies have shown that, in addition to disease-specific effects, vaccines against infectious diseases have nonspecific effects on the ability of the immune system to handle other pathogens. For instance, in randomized trials tuberculosis and measles vaccines are associated with a substantial re...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.04.004
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD45, the leucocyte common antigen, is a haemopoietic cell-specific tyrosine phosphatase. Many isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, but their function remains obscure. The extracellular domain of CD45 is highly polymorphic in all vertebrates. Importantly, human polymorphic variants that alter CD45 isoform e...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.01.001
更新日期：2006-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved homeostatic process by which cells deliver cytoplasmic material for degradation into lysosomes. Autophagy may have evolved as a nutrient-providing homeostatic pathway induced upon starvation, but with the acquisition of cargo receptors, autophagy has become an important cellula...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2012.06.003
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses are crucial in establishing the control of persistent virus infections. Population studies of HIV-1-infected individuals suggest that CD8(+) CTL responses targeting epitopes that take the greatest toll on virus replication are instrumental in immune control. A major questi...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2009.12.003
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protection against pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) by vaccination is often ascribed to the presence of TB-reactive T cells in the lung before infection. Challenging this view, new studies analyzing vaccine-induced T cells in various tissue compartments after parenteral immunization suggest a poor correlation between the p...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2010.05.002
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The vascular endothelium plays a central role in the recruitment and migration of circulating effector cells into sites of inflammation and immune responses. The unique CX(3)C-chemokine, fractalkine, is expressed on activated endothelial cells, and its receptor, CX(3)CR1, is expressed on natural killer cells, monocyte...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02051-8
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Basic immunological research has greatly expanded our understanding of the suspected immunopathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) and, more importantly, spawned a new generation of clinical trials evaluating dozens of immune-based therapies. Adhesion molecules are the furthest into development, although patient acceptan...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2004.09.012
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclically, during the day, increased permeability of the intestinal epithelial barrier, allowing nutrient uptake, must be compensated for, to achieve increased protection against potentially harmful components. Seillet et al. demonstrate that, upon food intake, enteric neuron-derived VIP promotes anticipatory mucosal...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2020.03.011
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Immune suppression by T(reg) cells must be overcome to mount robust and effective anti-pathogen immune responses. A new paper in Immunity from Medzhitov and colleagues shows that IL-1-dependent activation of MyD88 promotes the development of Th1 cells by rendering them impervious to T(reg) cell-mediated inhibition. ...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2014.02.001
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much attention has focused on the role of co-stimulation in dictating tolerance versus immunity to internalized antigens, with the assumption that the presentation of antigen-derived peptides by MHC molecules occurs constitutively. Here, I highlight our new appreciation for the regulated presentation of phagocytosed a...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.it.2006.11.001
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lung capillaries, best known for vital gas exchange, also contribute to neutrophil margination, a phenomenon resulting in large numbers of pulmonary vascular neutrophils. Importantly, the functional relevance of neutrophil margination is unknown. Recent advances in microscopy have altered our understanding of why neut...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2018.09.002
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (Card)9 is a nonredundant adapter protein that functions in the innate immune system in the assembly of multifunctional signaling complexes. Together with B cell lymphoma (Bcl)10 and the paracaspase, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein (Malt)1,...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2013.02.006
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The termination of inflammation is governed by endogenous molecules collectively referred to as 'mediators of resolution' of inflammation. There is now strong evidence to suggest that failed resolution may underpin autoimmune and inflammatory diseases and could thus be targeted to decrease inflammation. There are many...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2019.01.007
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 contribute to host defense against infection by augmenting antimicrobial properties of phagocytes and initiating Th1 and Th17 adaptive immune responses. Protein complexes called inflammasomes activate intracellular caspase-1 autocatalytically, which cleaves the inactive precursors of I...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.it.2011.01.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural killer (NK)-cell receptors (NKRs) on CD8+ T cells can modulate antigen-specific T-cell activity but their function and rules that govern their expression remain unclear. Recent work has provided new insight into CD94-NKG2A expression on T cells. Whereas upregulation on the cell surface is induced following T-c...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(03)00064-4
更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:CD95 (Apo-1/Fas) is crucial for the negative selection of B cells within the germinal center (GC). Impairment of CD95-mediated apoptosis results in defective affinity maturation and the persistence of autoreactive B-cell clones. CD95 was defined recently as a tumor-suppressor gene and is silenced in many tumor entitie...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02115-9
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The MHC class II transcriptional activator (CIITA) is the major regulator of expression of MHC class II genes. Thus, CIITA plays a fundamental role in the regulation of the immune response. Here, we discuss our findings on the dual role of CIITA during infections, as the target (prey) for certain pathogens but the hos...
journal_title：Trends in immunology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s1471-4906(01)02003-8
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
