Abstract：
:We describe a system for real-time control of biological and other experiments. This device, based around the Real-Time Linux operating system, was tested specifically in the context of dynamic clamping, a demanding real-time task in which a computational system mimics the effects of nonlinear membrane conductances in living cells. The system is fast enough to represent dozens of nonlinear conductances in real time at clock rates well above 10 kHz. Conductances can be represented in deterministic form, or more accurately as discrete collections of stochastically gating ion channels. Tests were performed using a variety of complex models of nonlinear membrane mechanisms in excitable cells, including simulations of spatially extended excitable structures, and multiple interacting cells. Only in extreme cases does the computational load interfere with high-speed "hard" real-time processing (i.e., real-time processing that never falters). Freely available on the worldwide web, this experimental control system combines good performance. immense flexibility, low cost, and reasonable ease of use. It is easily adapted to any task involving real-time control, and excels in particular for applications requiring complex control algorithms that must operate at speeds over 1 kHz.
journal_name
Ann Biomed Engjournal_title
Annals of biomedical engineeringauthors
Dorval AD,Christini DJ,White JAdoi
10.1114/1.1408929subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2001-10-01 00:00:00pages
897-907issue
10eissn
0090-6964issn
1573-9686journal_volume
29pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Our 3-D model for a junctional complex (JC) in the erythrocyte membrane skeleton proposed that the helical actin protofilament functions as a mechanical axis for three pairs of αβ spectrin (Sp), and each pair wraps around the protofilament in a back-to-back fashion. The distal end of each Sp is further associated with...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-011-0293-6
更新日期：2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The measurement of CO2 volume exhaled per breath (VCO2.br) can be determined during anesthesia by the multiplication and integration of tidal flow (V) and PCO2. During side-stream capnometry, PCO2 must be advanced in time by transport delay (TD), the time to suction gas through the sampling tube. During ventilation, T...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02738547
更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Some investigators have attempted to estimate the Reynolds shear stress on the basis of a single component of velocity. The purpose of this investigation is to determine the validity of such estimates in a complex flow field, such as occurs in the cardiovascular system in the region of the aortic valve. Turbulent velo...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02371247
更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Validation is a critical step in finite element model (FEM) development. This study focuses on the validation of the Global Human Body Models Consortium full body average male occupant FEM in five localized loading regimes-a chest impact, a shoulder impact, a thoracoabdominal impact, an abdominal impact, and a pelvic ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-015-1286-7
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral nerve injuries present challenges to regeneration. Currently, the gold standard for nerve repair is an autograft that results in another region of the body suffering nerve damage. Previously, bioactive borate glass (BBG) has been studied in clinical trials to treat patients with non-healing wounds, and we h...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-016-1689-0
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When cells and the matrix of a tissue remodel, the mechanical properties of the tissue do change. The mechanical properties are expressed by constitutive equations. In this article the remodeling of the constitutive equation of the pulmonary artery is studied. The remodeling was induced in a rat breathing a gas whose ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1114/1.1380417
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study proposes magnetic resonance (MR)-measurement-integrated (MR-MI) simulation, in which the difference between the computed velocity field and the phase-contrast MRI measurement data is fed back to the numerical simulation. The computational accuracy and the fundamental characteristics, such as steady characte...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-009-9689-y
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In an ovine femur model, proliferative woven bone fills critically sized defects enveloped by periosteum within 2 weeks of treatment with the one-stage bone-transport surgery. We hypothesize that mechanical loading modulates this process. Using high-definition optical strain measurements we determined prevailing perio...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-010-0242-9
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Wall stress analysis of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a promising method of identifying AAAs at high risk of rupture. However, neglecting residual strains (RS) in the load-free configuration of patient-specific finite element analysis models is a sever limitation that strongly affects the computed wall stresses. ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-013-0749-y
更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quantifying injury tolerance for concussion is complicated by variability in the type, severity, and time course of post-injury physiological and behavioral changes. The current study outlined acute and chronic changes in behavioral metrics following rotational acceleration-induced concussion in rats. The Medical Coll...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-016-1647-x
更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The length-tension (L-T) relationships in rabbit detrusor smooth muscle (DSM) are similar to those in vascular and airway smooth muscles and exhibit short-term length adaptation characterized by L-T curves that shift along the length axis as a function of activation and strain history. In contrast to skeletal muscle, ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-012-0590-8
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One of the major functions of the cardiovascular system is to deliver blood to the microcirculation where exchange of mass and energy can take place. In the present article, we will provide an overview of the state-of-the-art computational methods for modeling of red blood cell (RBC) rheology and dynamics in the micro...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-005-8776-y
更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microstructural characterization of cardiac tissue and its remodeling in disease is a crucial step in many basic research projects. We present a comprehensive approach for three-dimensional characterization of cardiac tissue at the submicrometer scale. We developed a compression-free mounting method as well as labelin...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-015-1465-6
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A model predictive control strategy to simultaneously regulate hemodynamic and anesthetic variables in critical care patients is presented. A nonlinear canine circulatory model, which has been used to study the effect of inotropic and vasoactive drugs on hemodynamic variables, has been extended to include propofol pha...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1114/1.255
更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proliferation, migration, and adhesion of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and their interactions with extracellular matrix are key features of atherosclerosis and restenosis. Recently, there has been evidence that magnetic fields exert multiple effects on the biological performance of cells and may aid in the...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-012-0602-8
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In this work, we propose an analog electrical model of the coronary circulation for patients with obstructive disease undergoing revascularization. In this clinical situation, the collateral circulation to the occluded artery is difficult to ascertain via preoperative measurements and well-developed collaterals might ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-008-9500-5
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of arterial coculture conditions on the transport properties of several in vitro endothelial cell (EC)-smooth muscle cell (SMC)-porous filter constructs in which SMC were grown to confluence first and then EC were inoculated. This order of culturing simulates the env...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-015-1421-5
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Left ventricular (LV) diastolic filling is limited by the constraining effects exerted by the pericardium (PE) and the lung/chest wall. The aim of the present study was to assess the validity of various estimates of external cardiac constraint, compared to pericardial surface pressure (Ppe) measured lateral to the LV ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02584288
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of brain interface (BI) technology continues to attract researchers with a wide range of backgrounds and expertise. Though the BI community is committed to accurate and objective evaluation of methods, systems, and technology, the very diversity of the methods and terminology used in the field hinders ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-005-7706-3
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular calcium oscillation caused by receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand has been demonstrated to promote the differentiation of osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are recruited on the surface of trabeculae, and are exposed to fluid flow caused by the deformation of the bone matrix. However, the roles of ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-012-0554-z
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:3D bioprinting technology is a promising approach for corneal stromal tissue regeneration. In this study, gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) mixed with corneal stromal cells was used as a bioink. The visible light-based stereolithography (SLA) 3D bioprinting method was utilized to print the anatomically similar dome-shaped ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-020-02537-6
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crowding can substantially affect the transition of a protein between its native (N) and unfolded (U) states via volume exclusion effects. Also, it influences considerably the aggregation (A) of unfolded proteins. To examine the details, we developed an approach for computing the kinetic rates of the process N <--> U ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-005-5780-8
更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An understanding of the mechanical deformation behavior of the liver under high strain rate loading conditions could aid in the development of vehicle safety measures to reduce the occurrence of blunt liver injury. The purpose of this study was to develop a constitutive model of the stress-strain behavior of the human...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-008-9555-3
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Measurement of cell shortening is an important technique for assessment of physiology and pathophysiology of cardiac myocytes. Many types of heart disease are associated with decreased myocyte shortening, which is commonly caused by structural and functional remodeling. Here, we present a new approach for local measur...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-016-1593-7
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High energy laser has emerged to be an important surgical tool in medical technology. However, the application of laser energy to drill or cut a bone is still in an experimental state. In order to estimate the adequacy of laser heating of bone surface and at the same time minimize the damage to the bone tissue, we dev...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02363565
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of prevention strategies is critical to address the rising prevalence of sport-related concussions. Visual and sensory performance may influence an individual's ability to interpret environmental cues, anticipate opponents' actions, and create appropriate motor responses limiting the severity of an imp...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-013-0881-8
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concept of body force (force per unit volume) is introduced to account for the effect of the force generated in the radial direction by the active state of the myocardium in an elastic model of the left ventricle represented as a thick-walled cylinder contracting symmetrically. Experimental evidence for the validi...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02368077
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We present an optical non-contact method for heart beat monitoring, based on the measurement of chest wall movements induced by the pumping action of the heart, which is eligible as a surrogate of electrocardiogram (ECG) in assessing both cardiac rate and heart rate variability (HRV). The method is based on the optica...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10439-006-9202-9
更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Double-exposure holographic interferometry is a contactless whole-field method. Dimensional changes are visualized as a series of interference fringes overlaid on the holographic image of the femur, where each fringe represents 0.316 micron (half the wavelength of the laser light) of motion. Interferograms for intact ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02364168
更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the esophageal contractile activity recorded during swallowing, a feature extraction scheme has been developed. It recognizes the time, duration, and amplitudes of local peaks for each peristaltic wave. The method is based on the Tauberian approximation for modeling waveforms as a sum of identically shaped pulses ...
journal_title：Annals of biomedical engineering
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02367607
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
