Abstract:
:The complex issue of translating the planning of arm movements into muscle forces is discussed in relation to the recent discovery of structures in the spinal cord. These structures contain circuitry that, when activated, produce precisely balanced contractions in groups of muscles. These synergistic contractions generate forces that direct the limb toward an equilibrium point in space. Remarkably, the force outputs, produced by activating different spinal-cord structures, sum vectorially. This vectorial combination of motor outputs might be a mechanism for producing a vast repertoire of motor behaviors in a simple manner.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
Bizzi E,Giszter SF,Loeb E,Mussa-Ivaldi FA,Saltiel Pdoi
10.1016/0166-2236(95)94494-psubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-10-01 00:00:00pages
442-6issue
10eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
0166-2236(95)94494-Pjournal_volume
18pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Benzodiazepines are widely used clinically to treat anxiety and insomnia. They also induce muscle relaxation, control epileptic seizures, and can produce amnesia. Moreover, benzodiazepines are often abused after chronic clinical treatment and also for recreational purposes. Within weeks, tolerance to the pharmacologic...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
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abstract::In a series of seminal behavioral and electrophysiological experiments, Knudsen and Konishi studied the mechanisms of hearing. Their 1979 article showed how the barn owl utilizes unique anatomical features for creating a systematic internal representation of auditory space. This established the barn owl as a prime mod...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
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doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.01.004
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
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doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01932-9
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abstract::Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) has been linked to demyelination and remyelination. Using zebrafish and mouse models of demyelination and remyelination, Cunha et al. now describe a novel role for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling in supporting remyelination by promoting myeloid cell-...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Until recently, learning and memory in invertebrate organisms was believed to be mediated by relatively simple presynaptic mechanisms. By contrast, learning and memory in vertebrate organisms is generally thought to be mediated, at least in part, by postsynaptic mechanisms. But new experimental evidence from research ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
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更新日期:2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The activation of peripheral nociceptors is the subject of intense scrutiny, because of its significance in pain regulation. Genetic approaches, including homology cloning, difference cloning and transgenic manipulation of mice are providing useful insights into nociceptor function. Recent work suggests that transcrip...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2010.05.005
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.005
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01415-0
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human brain can be stimulated by a single intense magnetic pulse over the scalp. Currents induced within the cranium excite the motor cortex and cause limb muscles to contract. The discharge of single motor units, the firing of which is maintained by voluntary effort, can be modulated by magnetic stimuli. Peri-sti...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.006
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01390-3
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.10.002
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The complexity and inaccessibility of the vertebrate CNS impede the localization and description of memory traces and the definition of the processes that create them. Recent work has shown that the spinal stretch reflex (SSR), which is produced by a monosynaptic two-neuron pathway, can be operantly conditioned, and t...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.005
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.02.009
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two recent monkey studies demonstrate that feedforward processing in the visual system is reflected by activity in the 40-90Hz gamma band, whereas feedback is reflected by activity in the 5-18Hz alpha and beta band. These findings can be applied to interpret human electrophysiological activity in complex visual tasks....
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.02.006
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract::This is a great age to participate in biological inquiry. Behavioral neuroscience offers a rich perspective for molecular biologists. However, behavioral analysis is not simply an assay. Whereas molecular biology has become a unique tool in the armamentarium of behavioral neuroscience, the powerful methodology of mole...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01636-2
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity, but the biological bases of the deficits in emotional and cognitive processing remain incompletely understood. Current antidepressant therapies are effective in only some patients and act slowly. Here, we propose an excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression in...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.03.003
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(91)90126-f
更新日期:1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Current emphasis on odorant physiochemical features as the basis for perception largely ignores the synthetic and experience-dependent nature of olfaction. Olfaction is synthetic, as mammals have only limited ability to identify elements within even simple odor mixtures. Furthermore, olfaction is experience-bound, as ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00076-6
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mechanosensation in Drosophila relies on sensory neurons transducing mechanical stimuli into ionic currents. The molecular mechanisms of this transduction are in the process of being revealed. Transduction relies on mechanogated ion channels that are activated by membrane stretch or the tension of force-conveying teth...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.001
更新日期:2020-11-27 00:00:00