Exocytotic Ca2+ channels in mammalian central neurons.

abstract：:Priming is the process by which vesicles become available for fusion at nerve terminals and is modulated by numerous proteins and second messengers. One of the prominent members of this diverse family is tomosyn. Tomosyn has been identified as a syntaxin-binding protein; it inhibits vesicle priming, but its mode of ac...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ashery U,Bielopolski N,Barak B,Yizhar O

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Active feedback mechanisms in the ears of mammals amplify and tune the auditory response to sound stimuli, allowing these organisms to enjoy both exquisite sensitivity and sharp frequency selectivity. A requisite component of this feedback pathway has recently been identified. Targeted deletion of pres, the gene that ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Géléoc GS,Holt JR

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord and brainstem originate from restricted domains of ventral neuroepithelium under the influence of sonic hedgehog protein (SHH). However, the origin of oligodendrocytes in the telencephalon, the most anterior part of the CNS, has not been estab...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Qi Y,Stapp D,Qiu M

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axon interruption elicits a complex neuronal response that leaves neurons poised precariously between death and regeneration. The signals underlying this dichotomy are not fully understood. The transcription factor c-Jun is one of the earliest and most consistent markers for neurons that respond to nerve-fiber transec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Herdegen T,Skene P,Bähr M

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A genetic analysis of mammalian neuronal physiology might now be possible due to the development of defective herpes simplex virus vectors, which allow gene transfer directly into mature neurons, in culture or in the adult brain. Genetically altered proteins that play critical roles in neuronal physiology, including t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Geller AI,During MJ,Neve RL

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic alterations in the structure of the neuronal cytoskeleton are necessary for axonal growth and guidance during development and may also be involved in modulation of synaptic function. Recent evidence suggests that the structural and mechanochemical properties of the cytoskeletal protein, actin, are critical to ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Forscher P

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antisocial aggression is a widespread and expensive social problem. Although aggressive behaviors and temperament are highly heritable, clinical and trait associations for the most promising candidate gene for aggression, MAOA, have been largely inconsistent. We suggest that limitations inherent to that approach might...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Buckholtz JW,Meyer-Lindenberg A

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conflicting reports about whether adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in humans raise questions about its significance for human health and the relevance of animal models. Drawing upon published data, I review species' neurogenesis rates across the lifespan and propose that accelerated neurodevelopmental timing is c...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Snyder JS

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Korsakoff's disease is an amnesic syndrome associated with midline diencephalic and brain stem pathology. A number of neurochemical systems course through or near the loci of brain lesions found postmortem in Korsakoff patients, which has stimulated studies to learn whether these systems are implicated in amnesia. Dat...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McEntee WJ,Mair RG

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aging is characterized by decrements in maximum function and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which are best observed in organs such as the brain that contain post-mitotic cells. Oxygen radicals are increasingly considered responsible for part of these aging changes. Comparative studies of animals with dif...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barja G

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major themes in neuroethology concern the specificity of key stimuli, neurones tuned to such stimuli, and the release of corresponding behaviour. Neurobiological data from the analysis of visuomotor functions of prey-catching and avoiding in amphibians support the view that retinal outflow in different combinations is...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ewert JP

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How did brains evolve to become so complex, and what is their future? Brains pose an explanatory challenge because entropy, which inexorably increases over time, is commonly associated with disorder and simplicity. Recently we showed how evolution is an entropic process, building structures - organisms - which themsel...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jeffery KJ,Rovelli C

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dopaminergic system exerts dynamic modulation of glutamatergic afferent drive that is dependent on the temporal pattern of the dopaminergic input and the subtypes of striatal neurons affected. The differences in feedforward inhibition between striatal neurons comprising the direct and indirect output pathway confe...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Onn SP,West AR,Grace AA

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neurodegenerative tauopathies are marked by their common pathologic feature of aggregates formed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, which are associated with synapse and neuronal loss. Changes in tau conformation result in both loss of normal function and gain of fibrillogenicity that leads to aggregation. Here, we d...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spires-Jones TL,Stoothoff WH,de Calignon A,Jones PB,Hyman BT

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glucose has long been considered the substrate for neuronal energy metabolism in the brain. Recently, an alternative explanation of energy metabolism in the active brain, the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis, has received attention. It suggests that during neural activity energy needs in glia are met by ana...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Chih CP,Lipton P,Roberts EL Jr

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Lyme disease is of interest to the neurologist and neuroscientist for a variety of reasons. As more arthropod hosts throughout the world are infected with the causative organism, Borrelia burgdorferi, the illness in humans is becoming more prevalent; in addition, recognition of the disease in humans and susceptible an...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pachner AR

更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The orexins (or hypocretins) are neuropeptide transmitters made exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have extensive CNS projections. Previous studies reported that this system is most strongly associated with feeding, arousal and the maintenance of waking. We review here recent studies that reveal a novel and impo...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Harris GC,Aston-Jones G

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients suffering from severe depression often show an increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, a premature escape from the cortisol suppressant action of dexamethasone, and a number of other neuroendocrine changes. This might be explained by defective glucocorticoid feedback inhi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barden N,Reul JM,Holsboer F

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mature rodents, whisker-related patterns are known to be present in three levels of the brain: the brainstem trigeminal nuclei, the ventrobasal thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. These patterns have been demonstrated using neuroanatomical tracing techniques, histological and histochemical staining methods and e...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Waite PM,Marotte LR,Leamey CA,Mark RF

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discovery and interventions for neurological disorders have a unique capacity to galvanize public opinion over issues of access, human rights, decision making, and the definition of disease. Here we highlight five cases where beliefs and politics prevailed over evidence and ethics. We examine lessons from them about t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paylor B,Longstaff H,Rossi F,Illes J

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The complex issue of translating the planning of arm movements into muscle forces is discussed in relation to the recent discovery of structures in the spinal cord. These structures contain circuitry that, when activated, produce precisely balanced contractions in groups of muscles. These synergistic contractions gene...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bizzi E,Giszter SF,Loeb E,Mussa-Ivaldi FA,Saltiel P

更新日期：1995-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin is an important neuromodulator associated with a wide range of physiological effects in the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms whereby serotonin influences brain development are not well understood, although studies in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms are beginning to unravel a regulator...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Daubert EA,Condron BG

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system (CNS) the function of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is best understood from its action in guiding embryonic development; as development comes to completion, retinoic acid signaling declines. However, it is increasingly recognized that this signaling mechanism does not...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Shearer KD,Stoney PN,Morgan PJ,McCaffery PJ

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genetic studies have identified several of the genes associated with malformations of cortical development which might disrupt each of the main stages of cell proliferation and specification, neuronal migration and late cortical organization. The largest malformation groups, focal cortical dysplasia, heterotopia and p...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Guerrini R,Dobyns WB,Barkovich AJ

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrocytes, which constitute the most abundant cell type in mammalian brain, are extensively coupled to one another through gap junctions composed mainly of connexin43. In regions exhibiting high levels of connexin43 expression, tens of astrocytes are labeled following single-cell intracellular injection. Importantly,...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Giaume C,McCarthy KD

更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The molecular nature of the metabotropic GABA(B) receptor was for some time a mystery, however it was recently discovered that two related G-protein-coupled receptors have to heterodimerize to form the functional GABA(B) receptor at the cell surface. This review discusses the most recent findings in the rapidly expand...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Billinton A,Ige AO,Bolam JP,White JH,Marshall FH,Emson PC

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite extensive information on many aspects of peptide neurobiology, the links between the behavioral effects of neuropeptides and their actions at the cellular and molecular levels are not fully understood. A pair of insect neuropeptides, the cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta,...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tublitz N,Brink D,Broadie KS,Loi PK,Sylwester AW

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hippocampus is thought to automatically encode all experience, yet the vast majority of our experiences are not remembered later. Although psychological theories have postulated the existence of decay processes for declarative memory, the corresponding neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. Here we develop the hy...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frankland PW,Köhler S,Josselyn SA

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons are thought to serve as a final common neural pathway for mediating reinforcement processes. However, several recent findings have challenged the view that mesolimbic dopamine has a crucial role in the maintenance of reinforcement processes, or the subjective rewarding actions of natura...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spanagel R,Weiss F

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much research effort into synaptic plasticity has been motivated by the idea that modifications of synaptic weights (or strengths or efficacies) underlie learning and memory. Here, we examine the possibility of exploiting the statistics of experimentally measured synaptic weights to deduce information about the learni...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barbour B,Brunel N,Hakim V,Nadal JP

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00