Transitions in Brain Evolution: Space, Time and Entropy.

abstract：:Schizophrenia (SZ) is primarily an adult psychiatric disorder in which disturbances caused by susceptibility genes and environmental insults during early neurodevelopment initiate neurophysiological changes over a long time course, culminating in the onset of full-blown disease nearly two decades later. Aberrant postn...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jaaro-Peled H,Hayashi-Takagi A,Seshadri S,Kamiya A,Brandon NJ,Sawa A

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of neuroanatomical and behavioural data, that olfactory discrimination in the rat provides privileged access to higher cognitive processes, involves the acquisition of a learning-set and, importantly, can be used to model human hippocampal function and dysfunction. In this article, ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reid IC,Morris RG

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1983 Libet et al. demonstrated that brain activity associated with a voluntary act precedes conscious experience of the intention to act by several hundred milliseconds. The implication that it is the brain, rather than 'free will', that initiates voluntary acts has been discussed ever since by philosophers and law...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frith CD,Haggard P

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How should evolution and development build the brain to be capable of flexible and generative cognition? I wish to put forth a 'power-of-two'-based wiring logic that provides the basic computational principle in organizing the microarchitecture of cell assemblies that would readily enable knowledge and adaptive behavi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tsien JZ

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythmical brain activity around 5Hz can be observed in the prefrontal cortex under conditions requiring high levels of cognitive control. However, its temporal dynamics are still elusive. A recent research paper (Cooper et al. Neuroimage 2019;189:130-140) provides evidence that the temporal evolution of this frontal-...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sauseng P,Tschentscher N,Biel AL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic pain is sustained by central neuronal sensitization, with many similar characteristics irrespective of the type of injury incurred. Nevertheless, pain arising from nerve injury (neuropathic pain) is resistant to centrally acting analgesics, whereas inflammatory pain responds well. New research indicates that t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Garry EM,Fleetwood-Walker SM

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How the brain becomes lateralized is poorly understood. By contrast, much is known about molecular cues that specify the left-right axis of the body, fashioning the asymmetric morphology and positioning of the visceral organs. In zebrafish, the Nodal signaling pathway functions in visceral asymmetry and also in the em...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Halpern ME,Liang JO,Gamse JT

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a means to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). In most studies, the transplanted cells have been placed within the target site, the striatum, and not within the lesioned site, the substantia nigra, as the adult nigrostriatal pathway was thought t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Gaillard A,Jaber M

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Exocytosis in neurones and neuroendocrine cells is triggered by an increase in the cytosolic concentration of Ca2+, and is followed by endocytotic membrane retrieval. Electrophysiological studies have characterized the nature of the Ca2+ signal that is required for exocytosis, and have defined the Ca(2+)-dependent ste...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Burgoyne RD,Morgan A

更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The colors perceived by humans in response to light stimuli are generally described in terms of four color categories (reds, greens, blues and yellows), the members of which are systematically arrayed around gray. This broadly accepted description of color sensation differs fundamentally from the light that induces it...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lotto RB,Purves D

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mossy fiber (MF) synapses are key stations for flow of information through the hippocampal formation. A major component of the output of the MF system is directed towards inhibitory interneurons. Recent studies have revealed that the functional properties of MF-interneuron synapses differ substantially from those of M...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bischofberger J,Jonas P

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular Ca2+ initiates physiological events as diverse as gene transcription, muscle contraction, cell division and exocytosis. Predictably, the metabolic machinery that elicits and responds to changes in intracellular Ca2+ is correspondingly heterogeneous. This review focuses on one element of this complex web ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Dunlap K,Luebke JI,Turner TJ

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hebbian synaptic learning requires co-activation of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. However, under some conditions, information regarding the postsynaptic action potential, carried by backpropagating action potentials, can be strongly degraded before it reaches the distal exhibit Hebbian long-term potentiation (...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mehta MR

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A model is proposed whereby the spread of long-term potentiation (LTP) between potentiated and neighboring neurons is initiated by a retrograde signal that is restricted to the synaptic clefts of the potentiated neurons. Next, a change, such as enhanced release of neurotransmitter, occurs in the presynaptic boutons th...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Harris KM

更新日期：1995-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axon interruption elicits a complex neuronal response that leaves neurons poised precariously between death and regeneration. The signals underlying this dichotomy are not fully understood. The transcription factor c-Jun is one of the earliest and most consistent markers for neurons that respond to nerve-fiber transec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Herdegen T,Skene P,Bähr M

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly 30 years ago, a debate over two disparate models of synaptic vesicle retrieval arose. Subsequent investigations to determine which model was correct proved inconclusive and served only to further the debate. However, recent evidence has begun to suggest that both models are valid and relevant in understanding t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Wilkinson RS,Cole JC

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transition from short- to long-term memory requires lasting modulations of synaptic connectivity. In a variety of species and learning tasks, enhanced synthesis of glycoprotein cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs), such as neural CAM (NCAM) and Ll, 5-8 h post-training is a necessary step in this process. If the training...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Rose SP

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:'Forward models' are increasingly recognized as a crucial explanatory concept in vertebrate motor control. The essential idea is that an important function implemented by nervous systems is prediction of the sensory consequences of action. This is often associated with higher cognitive capabilities; however, many of t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Webb B

更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent monkey studies demonstrate that feedforward processing in the visual system is reflected by activity in the 40-90Hz gamma band, whereas feedback is reflected by activity in the 5-18Hz alpha and beta band. These findings can be applied to interpret human electrophysiological activity in complex visual tasks....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jensen O,Bonnefond M,Marshall TR,Tiesinga P

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major problems of living in a rich visual environment is deciding which particular object or location should be chosen for complete processing or attention; that is, deciding which object is most salient at any particular time. The pulvinar has enlarged substantially during evolution, although little has pr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Robinson DL,Petersen SE

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a peripheral synapse formed between motoneuron and skeletal muscle, is characterized by a protracted postnatal period of maturation and life-long maintenance. In neuromuscular disorders such as congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), disruptions of NMJ maturation and/or mai...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Shi L,Fu AK,Ip NY

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Strong evidence has been provided that ATP can act as a transmitter not only in smooth muscle but also in peripheral ganglia and in brain. The cloning and molecular identification of two putative ATP receptors supports the previously established pharmacological receptor classifications. This review places into perspec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Zimmermann H

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuro-immune interactions are not only vital for the control of neurotropic pathogens, but also appear to influence brain development and homeostasis. During immune surveillance, T cells can patrol the CNS-associated border regions to sense pathogenic alterations. While access to the CNS parenchyma is restricted in th...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mundt S,Greter M,Flügel A,Becher B

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The production by the pyridine MPTP of a parkinsonian syndrome strikingly similar to the 'idiopathic' disorder, and the paucity of evidence supporting a hereditary or infectious etiology for Parkinson's disease (PD), have stimulated a search for environmental chemicals resembling MPTP that might cause PD. In support o...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tanner CM

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current dominant model of binaural sound localization proposes that the lateral position of a sound source is determined by the position of maximal activation within an array of binaural coincidence-detector neurons that are tuned to different interaural time differences (ITDs). The tuning of a neuron for an ITD i...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McAlpine D,Grothe B

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diverse human disorders, including the majority of neurodegenerative diseases, are thought to arise from the misfolding and aggregation of protein. We have recently described a novel technology to amplify cyclically misfolded proteins in vitro. This procedure, named protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), is c...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Soto C,Saborio GP,Anderes L

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Repair of adult 'point-to-point' systems by neural grafting is possible only when grafted neurons succeed in synaptically replacing the host's missing neurons, thus re-establishing the anatomical and functional integrity of the impaired circuits. Grafting experiments carried out on the cerebellum of the adult pcd (Pur...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sotelo C,Alvarado-Mallart RM

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent stru...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Zhou HX,Wollmuth LP

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The limitation of immune responsiveness in the mammalian CNS has been attributed to the intricate nature of neuronal networks, which would appear to be more susceptible than other tissues to the threat of permanent disorganization when exposed to massive inflammation. This line of logic led to the conclusion that all ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schwartz M,Moalem G,Leibowitz-Amit R,Cohen IR

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Progress in migraine research has been rapid in recent years, from both the basic science and the clinical perspectives. A new internationally accepted headache classification with operational diagnostic criteria was published in 1988, eliminating much diagnostic uncertainty. More than a decade of study of regional ce...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Olesen J,Edvinsson L

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00