The CNS Immune Landscape from the Viewpoint of a T Cell.

Abstract:

:Neuro-immune interactions are not only vital for the control of neurotropic pathogens, but also appear to influence brain development and homeostasis. During immune surveillance, T cells can patrol the CNS-associated border regions to sense pathogenic alterations. While access to the CNS parenchyma is restricted in the steady state, various disease processes can initiate parenchymal T cell CNS invasion. However, to breach the glia limitans, T cells must become reactivated within the meningeal spaces. T cells cannot sense native antigens (Ags), but instead recognize small processed peptides bound to MHC molecules and presented on the surface of Ag-presenting cells (APCs). In this review, we focus on (CD4+) T cell-CNS interactions that are dependent on Ag recognition. We discuss the potential paths and mechanisms of T cell entry into the CNS, in particular with respect to CNS-resident APCs, which present CNS-derived Ag in the absence of inflammation.

journal_name

Trends Neurosci

journal_title

Trends in neurosciences

authors

Mundt S,Greter M,Flügel A,Becher B

doi

10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.008

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-10-01 00:00:00

pages

667-679

issue

10

eissn

0166-2236

issn

1878-108X

pii

S0166-2236(19)30131-6

journal_volume

42

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Genetic mouse models for studying inhibitors of spinal axon regeneration.

    abstract::The laboratory mouse has emerged as a primary model organism for studying axon regeneration after experimental spinal cord injury, owing to its genetic amenability. Mutant mouse models are contributing significantly to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of axon regeneration failure in the adult mammalian ce...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.09.005

    authors: Zheng B,Lee JK,Xie F

    更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00

  • Life span: getting the signal from the nervous system.

    abstract::Life span is determined by both environmental and genetic influences. The importance of genes is illustrated by the fact that single gene mutations extend life span in nematodes, fruit flies and mice. Recent reports reveal that the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans is controlled by insulin-like signals from the nerv...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02133-1

    authors: Wolkow CA

    更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00

  • Serotonin: a regulator of neuronal morphology and circuitry.

    abstract::Serotonin is an important neuromodulator associated with a wide range of physiological effects in the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms whereby serotonin influences brain development are not well understood, although studies in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms are beginning to unravel a regulator...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2010.05.005

    authors: Daubert EA,Condron BG

    更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00

  • The mitochondrial impairment, oxidative stress and neurodegeneration connection: reality or just an attractive hypothesis?

    abstract::Aging is the most important risk factor for common neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Aging in the central nervous system has been associated with elevated mutation load in mitochondrial DNA, defects in mitochondrial respiration and increased oxidative damage. These observations ...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.008

    authors: Fukui H,Moraes CT

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Unique biology of gliomas: challenges and opportunities.

    abstract::Gliomas are terrifying primary brain tumors for which patient outlook remains bleak. Recent research provides novel insights into the unique biology of gliomas. For example, these tumors exhibit an unexpected pluripotency that enables them to grow their own vasculature. They have an unusual ability to navigate tortuou...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.05.001

    authors: Watkins S,Sontheimer H

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • MeCP2 as an Activator of Gene Expression.

    abstract::Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder that primarily affects females and is caused by mutations in the methyl-CpG-binding-protein 2 (MECP2) gene. Initially, MeCP2 had been shown to be a repressor of gene transcription. In their 2008 paper, Chahrour and colleagues (DOI: 10.1126/science.1153252) reported that M...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.11.005

    authors: Horvath PM,Monteggia LM

    更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00

  • Neural Mechanisms Underlying Anxiety-Chronic Pain Interactions.

    abstract::Chronic pain is a major medical problem that is resistant to conventional medical intervention. It also causes emotional changes such as anxiety and fear. Furthermore, anxiety or fear often enhances the suffering of pain. Based on recent studies, I propose chronic anxiety triggered by injury or chronic pain is mediate...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2016.01.006

    authors: Zhuo M

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Interneuron Diversity series: Rhythm and mood in perisomatic inhibition.

    abstract::GABAergic interneurons innervating the perisomatic region of pyramidal cells control population discharge patterns, and thereby all cognitive operations in the cerebral cortex. A striking dichotomy in the function of this interneuron population seems to emerge from the synthesis of recent molecular, anatomical and ele...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00227-3

    authors: Freund TF

    更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00

  • MAOA and the neurogenetic architecture of human aggression.

    abstract::Antisocial aggression is a widespread and expensive social problem. Although aggressive behaviors and temperament are highly heritable, clinical and trait associations for the most promising candidate gene for aggression, MAOA, have been largely inconsistent. We suggest that limitations inherent to that approach might...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.006

    authors: Buckholtz JW,Meyer-Lindenberg A

    更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00

  • A Postulate on the Brain's Basic Wiring Logic.

    abstract::How should evolution and development build the brain to be capable of flexible and generative cognition? I wish to put forth a 'power-of-two'-based wiring logic that provides the basic computational principle in organizing the microarchitecture of cell assemblies that would readily enable knowledge and adaptive behavi...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.09.002

    authors: Tsien JZ

    更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00

  • Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily Regulate Synapse Formation, Maintenance, and Function.

    abstract::Immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules are among the most abundant proteins in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Prominent family members are the neural cell adhesion molecules NCAM and L1, which were the first to be shown to be essential not only in development but also in synaptic function and as k...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.03.003

    authors: Sytnyk V,Leshchyns'ka I,Schachner M

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • Resolving the Heuser-Ceccarelli debate.

    abstract::Nearly 30 years ago, a debate over two disparate models of synaptic vesicle retrieval arose. Subsequent investigations to determine which model was correct proved inconclusive and served only to further the debate. However, recent evidence has begun to suggest that both models are valid and relevant in understanding t...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01769-0

    authors: Wilkinson RS,Cole JC

    更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00

  • What's a cerebellar circuit doing in the auditory system?

    abstract::The shapes of the head and ears of mammals are asymmetrical top-to-bottom and front-to-back. Reflections of sounds from these structures differ with the angle of incidence, producing cues for monaural sound localization in the spectra of the stimuli at the eardrum. Neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) respond ...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2003.12.001

    authors: Oertel D,Young ED

    更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00

  • Remote neuroimmune signaling: a long-range mechanism of nociceptive network plasticity.

    abstract::Chronic pain secondary to neuronal injury is actively and continuously modulated at multiple locations along the sensory neuraxis. Here, we describe how nociceptive neurons of the spinal cord and thalamus process and communicate nociceptive information in terms of precisely calibrated firing patterns. We then discuss ...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.11.004

    authors: Saab CY,Hains BC

    更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00

  • How multiple-synapse boutons could preserve input specificity during an interneuronal spread of LTP.

    abstract::A model is proposed whereby the spread of long-term potentiation (LTP) between potentiated and neighboring neurons is initiated by a retrograde signal that is restricted to the synaptic clefts of the potentiated neurons. Next, a change, such as enhanced release of neurotransmitter, occurs in the presynaptic boutons th...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/0166-2236(95)93930-v

    authors: Harris KM

    更新日期:1995-08-01 00:00:00

  • Genetic mouse models of Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases: illuminating but imperfect.

    abstract::Genetic mouse models based on identification of genes that cause Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases have revolutionized understanding of the mechanistic pathophysiological progression of these disorders. These models allow the earliest manifestations of the diseases to be identified, and they display behavioral, ne...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.08.008

    authors: Levine MS,Cepeda C,Hickey MA,Fleming SM,Chesselet MF

    更新日期:2004-11-01 00:00:00

  • Learning in Aplysia: looking at synaptic plasticity from both sides.

    abstract::Until recently, learning and memory in invertebrate organisms was believed to be mediated by relatively simple presynaptic mechanisms. By contrast, learning and memory in vertebrate organisms is generally thought to be mediated, at least in part, by postsynaptic mechanisms. But new experimental evidence from research ...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2003.09.014

    authors: Roberts AC,Glanzman DL

    更新日期:2003-12-01 00:00:00

  • Emerging challenges of assigning P2X7 receptor function and immunoreactivity in neurons.

    abstract::Currently available antibodies to the P2X(7) receptor are unreliable determinants of neuronal P2X(7) immunoreactivity, owing to staining of a "P2X(7)-like" protein that is not eliminated by legitimate P2X(7) gene-knockout approaches. Despite this, compelling electrophysiological and pharmacological data strongly suppo...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.03.003

    authors: Anderson CM,Nedergaard M

    更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00

  • Integrins: possible functions in the adult CNS.

    abstract::Integrins comprise a large family of heterodimeric proteins that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular-matrix adhesive connections. There is an extensive literature on their importance in neural development and cancer, but evidence for the existence of integrins in the adult CNS has emerged only recently. With grow...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/0166-2236(96)89623-8

    authors: Jones LS

    更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00

  • Cyclic amplification of protein misfolding: application to prion-related disorders and beyond.

    abstract::Diverse human disorders, including the majority of neurodegenerative diseases, are thought to arise from the misfolding and aggregation of protein. We have recently described a novel technology to amplify cyclically misfolded proteins in vitro. This procedure, named protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), is c...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02195-1

    authors: Soto C,Saborio GP,Anderes L

    更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00

  • Neuroprotective versus Neuroinflammatory Roles of Complement: From Development to Disease.

    abstract::Complement proteins are ancient components of innate immunity that have emerged as crucial regulators of neural networks. We discuss these roles in the context of the CNS development, acute CNS viral infections, and post-infectious and noninfectious CNS disorders, with an emphasis on microglia-mediated loss of synapse...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.003

    authors: Kanmogne M,Klein RS

    更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00

  • Spikes to Pixels: Camera Chips for Large-scale Electrophysiology.

    abstract::Implanted neural probes are among the most important techniques in both fundamental and clinical neuroscience. Despite great successes and promise, neural electrodes are technically limited by their scalability. A recent study by Obaid et al. demonstrated an innovative way to greatly scale up the channel count and den...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.001

    authors: Lycke R,Sun L,Luan L,Xie C

    更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00

  • Perisynaptic asymmetry of glia: new insights into glutamate signalling.

    abstract::Synaptically released glutamate activates extrasynaptic receptors; such actions are controlled by glutamate uptake. Recent experimental findings show that there are many more glutamate transporters on the postsynaptic than presynaptic side of the vicinity of central synapses. This asymmetry favours activation of axona...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02230-0

    authors: Rusakov DA,Lehre KP

    更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00

  • Molecular aspects of pheromonal communication via the vomeronasal organ of mammals.

    abstract::Recently, two large multigene families of putative G-protein-linked receptors that are expressed in distinct subpopulations of neurones in the vomeronasal organ have been identified. These receptors probably mediate pheromone detection. The most surprising aspects of these findings are that there are so many receptors...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01274-0

    authors: Tirindelli R,Mucignat-Caretta C,Ryba NJ

    更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00

  • GluN3 subunit-containing NMDA receptors: not just one-trick ponies.

    abstract::The two GluN3 subunits were the last NMDA receptor subunits to be cloned some 15 years ago. Strikingly, despite the steadily growing interest in their function, their physiological role remains elusive. The original billing as dominant-negative modulators of classical NMDA receptors composed of GluN1 and GluN2 subunit...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.010

    authors: Pachernegg S,Strutz-Seebohm N,Hollmann M

    更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00

  • Cellular Control of Brain Capillary Blood Flow: In Vivo Imaging Veritas.

    abstract::The precise modulation of regional cerebral blood flow during neural activation is important for matching local energetic demand and supply and clearing brain metabolites. Here we discuss advances facilitated by high-resolution optical in vivo imaging techniques that for the first time have provided direct visualizati...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.009

    authors: Grutzendler J,Nedergaard M

    更新日期:2019-08-01 00:00:00

  • Dishevelled: linking convergent extension with neural tube closure.

    abstract::Neural tube closure fails in both mouse and Xenopus when dishevelled and other components of the planar-cell-polarity pathway are misregulated. The underlying defect involves a failure of convergent extension in the midline of the early neural plate. Although bilateral neural folds form, they are abnormally far apart ...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00212-1

    authors: Copp AJ,Greene ND,Murdoch JN

    更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00

  • Atypical neural messengers.

    abstract::Notions of what constitutes a neurotransmitter have changed markedly with the advent in the past decade of synaptic molecules, which satisfy key neurotransmitter criteria but differ radically from classical transmitters. Thus, NO and carbon monoxide are neither stored in synaptic vesicles nor released by exocytosis. T...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01716-1

    authors: Barañano DE,Ferris CD,Snyder SH

    更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00

  • 5-Hydroxytryptamine in premature ejaculation: opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

    abstract::Ejaculation, although mediated by a spinal ejaculation generator, is subject to descending supraspinal modulation from several brain regions. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) is involved in ejaculatory control, with its ejaculation-retarding effects likely to be attributable to activation of 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C r...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.12.002

    authors: Giuliano F

    更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00

  • Bradykinin and inflammatory pain.

    abstract::There is compelling evidence linking bradykinin (BK) with the pathophysiological processes that accompany tissue damage and inflammation, especially the production of pain and hyperalgesia. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for hyperalgesia including the direct activation of nociceptors as well as sensi...

    journal_title:Trends in neurosciences

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90133-7

    authors: Dray A,Perkins M

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00