Abstract：
:The limitation of immune responsiveness in the mammalian CNS has been attributed to the intricate nature of neuronal networks, which would appear to be more susceptible than other tissues to the threat of permanent disorganization when exposed to massive inflammation. This line of logic led to the conclusion that all forms of CNS inflammation would do more harm than good and, hence, the less immune intervention the better. However, mounting evidence indicates that some forms of immune-system intervention can help to protect or restore CNS integrity. We have shown that the innate immune system, represented by activated macrophages, can facilitate the processes of regeneration in the severed spinal cord. More recently, we found that autoimmune T cells that are specific for a component of myelin can protect CNS neurons from the catastrophic secondary degeneration, which extends traumatic lesions to adjacent CNS areas that did not suffer direct damage. The challenge, therefore, is to learn how to modify immune interactions in the traumatized CNS in order to promote its post-injury maintenance and repair.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
Schwartz M,Moalem G,Leibowitz-Amit R,Cohen IRdoi
10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01405-8subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1999-07-01 00:00:00pages
295-9issue
7eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
S0166-2236(99)01405-8journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Lyme disease is of interest to the neurologist and neuroscientist for a variety of reasons. As more arthropod hosts throughout the world are infected with the causative organism, Borrelia burgdorferi, the illness in humans is becoming more prevalent; in addition, recognition of the disease in humans and susceptible an...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(89)90065-9
更新日期：1989-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of almost all neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Historically, a primary focus in this context has been the link between mitochondrial dynamics and amyloid β toxicity. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of mitochondrial ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.004
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has highlighted the importance of the autophagy/lysosomal and mitochondrial/oxidative stress pathways in disease pathogenesis. However, recently identified PD-linked genes, including DNAJC6 (auxilin), SYNJ1 (synaptojanin 1), and the PD risk gene SH3GL2 (endoph...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.11.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mechanosensation in Drosophila relies on sensory neurons transducing mechanical stimuli into ionic currents. The molecular mechanisms of this transduction are in the process of being revealed. Transduction relies on mechanogated ion channels that are activated by membrane stretch or the tension of force-conveying teth...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2020.11.001
更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：:An abundance of experimental literature has established that gonadal steroid hormones are responsible for the sexual differentiation of neural circuitry, mediating a variety of reproductive behaviors and physiological mechanisms. These same hormones regulate the expression of reproductive function in the adult and may...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(90)90186-e
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic microinflammation is a hallmark of many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic syndrome-driven diseases. Recent research indicates that chronic caloric excess can lead to hypothalamic microinflammation, which in turn participates in the development and progression of metabolic syndrome d...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2014.10.002
更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent opinion surveys suggest that the majority of the public is willing to accept the use of animals in research if high standards of welfare and effective regulation are in place. The public appears unaware that such standards have existed for some time. The scientific community should now re-focus its communicatio...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02035-x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past couple of years, it has become evident that some males carrying the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) premutation, typically viewed to be normal, in fact manifest a neurodegenerative disease with ataxia and tremor. FMR1 premutation alleles uniquely produce FMR1 transcripts with an elongated CGG repeat,...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2004.03.003
更新日期：2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Potassium channels are crucial regulators of neuronal excitability, setting resting membrane potentials and firing thresholds, repolarizing action potentials and limiting excitability. Although most of our understanding of K+ channels is based on somatic recordings, there is good evidence that these channels are prese...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2004.02.012
更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abundant tau-positive neurofibrillary lesions constitute a defining neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Filamentous tau pathology is also central to a number of other dementing disorders, such as Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and familial frontotemporal ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01337-x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The molecular and cellular mechanisms by which plasticity is induced in the mature CNS (and, specifically, in the hippocampus) by environmental input are progressively being elucidated. However, the mechanisms - and even the existence - of functional and structural effects of environmental input (and, particularly, st...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02241-5
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In adult rodents, subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocytes (B cells) function as primary progenitors in the generation of new neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into multiple types of interneurons. It has been generally considered that individual adult SVZ stem cells are capable of g...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2008.05.006
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies of the iconic fall migration of monarch butterflies have illuminated the mechanisms behind their southward navigation while using a time-compensated sun compass. Skylight cues, such as the sun itself and polarized light, are processed through both eyes and are probably integrated in the brain's central ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2010.04.004
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A general assay for evaluating functional interactions between ligands and G-protein-coupled receptors within minutes has been developed. The system uses the principles employed by animals such as reptiles, amphibians and fish to control their colors. In nature, activation of G-protein-coupled receptors expressed by s...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(94)90087-6
更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The marriage of cognitive neurophysiology and mathematical psychology to understand decision-making has been exceptionally productive. This interdisciplinary area is based on the proposition that particular neurons or circuits instantiate the accumulation of evidence specified by mathematical models of sequential samp...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2019.10.001
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hodgkin and Huxley (H-H) model for action potential generation has held firm for half a century because this relatively simple and experimentally testable model embodies the major features of membrane nonlinearity: namely, voltage-dependent ionic currents that activate and inactivate in time. However, experimental and...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02278-6
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For organs innervated by the autonomic nervous system, it is generally held that neuroeffector transmission is achieved by varicosities releasing transmitters some distance from the membranes of target cells. Transmitters are thought to diffuse through the extracellular space and interact with post-junctional receptor...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(92)90024-3
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subunit switching of ligand-gated receptors is a potentially important mechanism through which synaptic plasticity can be achieved in the nervous system. Although established in an activity-dependent manner for neurotransmission that is mediated by excitatory amino acids, there is much less direct evidence for a r...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01540-4
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although the mechanisms regulating the cerebral microcirculation during neural activity have been the subject of inquiry for a century or more, the mediators responsible for the changes in cerebral blood flow still remain to be clearly identified. The discovery that nitric oxide, a powerful cerebrovasodilator, is prod...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(93)90156-g
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In monkeys, the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (area F5) contains neurons that discharge, both when the monkey grasps or manipulates objects and when it observes the experimenter making similar actions. These neurons (mirror neurons) appear to represent a system that matches observed events to similar, intern...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01260-0
更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proportional relation between circulating vasopressin concentration and plasma osmolality is fundamental for body fluid homeostasis. Although changes in the sensitivity of this relation are associated with pathophysiological conditions, central mechanisms modulating osmoregulatory gain are unknown. Here, we review...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.004
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In their 1994 paper, Monyer et al. described unique functional properties and cell type-specific expression of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) GluN2 subunits, suggesting that the roles of NMDAR vary across brain regions and throughout development. This influential work not only provided insight into how molecular diversity impa...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.06.001
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Communicative, predatory, and reproductive behaviors rely on the auditory thalamocortical system, a key nexus that combines, transforms, and distributes virtually all acoustic information relevant to survival. The rules of connectivity for this complex network, both anatomically and functionally, are only beginning to...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2005.03.009
更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anatomical and functional studies of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have identified multiple PFC subregions. We argue that the PFC is involved in cognitive functions exceeding the sum of specific functions attributed to its subregions. These can be revealed either by lesions of the whole PFC, or more specifically by sele...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2010.08.001
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent progress in cognitive neuroscience highlights the involvement of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in social cognition. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that representations within the lateral PFC enable people to coordinate their thoughts and actions with their intentions to support goal-directed social behavior. ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2009.09.001
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The colors perceived by humans in response to light stimuli are generally described in terms of four color categories (reds, greens, blues and yellows), the members of which are systematically arrayed around gray. This broadly accepted description of color sensation differs fundamentally from the light that induces it...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02059-3
更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhythmic motor activity requires coordination of different muscles or muscle groups so that they are all active with the same cycle duration and appropriate phase relationships. The neural mechanisms for such phase coupling in vertebrate locomotion are not known. Swimming in the lamprey is accomplished by the generati...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(92)90006-t
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholinergic interneurons have emerged as one of the key players controlling network functions in the striatum. Extracellularly recorded cholinergic interneurons acquire characteristic responses to sensory stimuli during reward-related learning, including a pause and subsequent rebound in spiking. However, the precise ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.09.006
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:There is compelling evidence linking bradykinin (BK) with the pathophysiological processes that accompany tissue damage and inflammation, especially the production of pain and hyperalgesia. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for hyperalgesia including the direct activation of nociceptors as well as sensi...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(93)90133-7
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Severed distal segments of nerve axons (anucleate axons) have now been reported to survive for weeks to years in representative organisms from most phyla, including the vertebrates. Among invertebrates (especially crustaceans), such long-term survival might involve transfer of proteins from adjacent intact cells to an...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(91)90104-3
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
