Synaptic, Mitochondrial, and Lysosomal Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease.

abstract：:Axon interruption elicits a complex neuronal response that leaves neurons poised precariously between death and regeneration. The signals underlying this dichotomy are not fully understood. The transcription factor c-Jun is one of the earliest and most consistent markers for neurons that respond to nerve-fiber transec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Herdegen T,Skene P,Bähr M

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conditioning and extinction of fear have traditionally been viewed as two independent learning processes for encoding representations of contexts or cues (conditioned stimuli, CS), aversive events (unconditioned stimuli, US), and their relationship. Based on the analysis of protein kinase signaling patterns in neurons...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tronson NC,Corcoran KA,Jovasevic V,Radulovic J

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of neuroanatomical and behavioural data, that olfactory discrimination in the rat provides privileged access to higher cognitive processes, involves the acquisition of a learning-set and, importantly, can be used to model human hippocampal function and dysfunction. In this article, ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reid IC,Morris RG

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A century after the discovery of acetylcholine (ACh), we recognize both ACh receptors, transporters, and synthesizing and degrading enzymes and regulators of their expression as contributors to cognition, metabolism, and immunity. Recent discoveries indicate that pre- and post-transcriptional ACh signaling controllers...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Soreq H

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Foraging-associated predation risk is a natural problem all prey must face. Fear evolved due to its protective functions, guiding and shaping behaviors that help animals adapt to various ecological challenges. Despite the breadth of risky situations in nature that demand diversity in fear behaviors, contemporary neuro...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pellman BA,Kim JJ

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a peripheral synapse formed between motoneuron and skeletal muscle, is characterized by a protracted postnatal period of maturation and life-long maintenance. In neuromuscular disorders such as congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), disruptions of NMJ maturation and/or mai...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Shi L,Fu AK,Ip NY

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite extensive information on many aspects of peptide neurobiology, the links between the behavioral effects of neuropeptides and their actions at the cellular and molecular levels are not fully understood. A pair of insect neuropeptides, the cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta,...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tublitz N,Brink D,Broadie KS,Loi PK,Sylwester AW

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent stru...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Zhou HX,Wollmuth LP

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inhibitory interneurons comprise a diverse subpopulation of cells that are critical to circuit function. How distinct inhibitory microcircuits control long-range projections remains poorly understood. A recent study by Lu and colleagues uncovered a unidirectional microcircuit of prefrontal chandelier cells that prefer...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Giustino TF,Maren S

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum responds to stress by initiating a cascade of events known as the 'unfolded-protein response' (UPR). The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the leukodystrophy Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease activates this stress response, resulting in apoptosis of oligodendrocytes. Although it remains uncert...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Forman MS,Lee VM,Trojanowski JQ

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep can facilitate memory formation, but its role in cortical plasticity is poorly understood. A recent study found that sleep, following monocular deprivation (MD), facilitated cortical changes in ocular dominance. The magnitude of plasticity was similar to that observed after continued MD, and larger than that see...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hoffman KL,McNaughton BL

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal, dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by abnormal involuntary movements (chorea), intellectual impairment and selective neuronal loss. The expansion of a polymorphic trinucleotide repeat (the sequence CAG that codes for glutamine) to a length t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reddy PH,Williams M,Tagle DA

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene targeting to create null mutations in mice is a powerful new tool in biology which will allow the molecular dissection of complex phenotypes such as mammalian brain function, and learning and memory. However, the attempt to interpret the phenotypical changes which arise in null-mutant mice is subject to several c...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Gerlai R

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become apparent in recent years that the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins play a major role in secretion. This review summarizes recent findings on the cytoskeleton organization and the molecular topology of its regulatory proteins, as well as the dynamic changes that occur in this organelle during secr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Trifaró JM,Vitale ML

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Presynaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) play pivotal roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. They facilitate presynaptic neurotransmitter release and modulate mechanisms controlling synaptic maturation and plasticity during formative periods of brain development. There is an increasing understand...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Banerjee A,Larsen RS,Philpot BD,Paulsen O

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical receptive-field concepts have been used to explain local perceptual effects such as border contrast and Mach bands, but are not sufficient to explain global perceptual effects. Examples are the perception of illusory contours, area contrast, color constancy, depth planes, coherent motion and texture contrast...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spillmann L,Werner JS

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A large body of evidence suggests that neural plasticity contributes to learning and disease. Recent studies suggest that cortical map plasticity is typically a transient phase that improves learning by increasing the pool of task-relevant responses. Here, I discuss a new perspective on neural plasticity and suggest h...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kilgard MP

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the mechanisms regulating the cerebral microcirculation during neural activity have been the subject of inquiry for a century or more, the mediators responsible for the changes in cerebral blood flow still remain to be clearly identified. The discovery that nitric oxide, a powerful cerebrovasodilator, is prod...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Iadecola C

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cholinergic interneurons have emerged as one of the key players controlling network functions in the striatum. Extracellularly recorded cholinergic interneurons acquire characteristic responses to sensory stimuli during reward-related learning, including a pause and subsequent rebound in spiking. However, the precise ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schulz JM,Reynolds JN

更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic microinflammation is a hallmark of many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic syndrome-driven diseases. Recent research indicates that chronic caloric excess can lead to hypothalamic microinflammation, which in turn participates in the development and progression of metabolic syndrome d...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tang Y,Purkayastha S,Cai D

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanosensation in Drosophila relies on sensory neurons transducing mechanical stimuli into ionic currents. The molecular mechanisms of this transduction are in the process of being revealed. Transduction relies on mechanogated ion channels that are activated by membrane stretch or the tension of force-conveying teth...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hehlert P,Zhang W,Göpfert MC

更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that gradually robs affected individuals of memory, cognitive skills and normal movements. Although research has identified a single faulty gene, the huntingtin gene, as the cause of the disease, a cure remains elusive. Strong evidence indicate...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bossy-Wetzel E,Petrilli A,Knott AB

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several modes of synaptic vesicle release, retrieval and recycling have been identified. In a well-established mode of exocytosis, termed 'full-collapse fusion', vesicles empty their neurotransmitter content fully into the synaptic cleft by flattening out and becoming part of the presynaptic membrane. The fused vesicl...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Smith SM,Renden R,von Gersdorff H

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1983 Libet et al. demonstrated that brain activity associated with a voluntary act precedes conscious experience of the intention to act by several hundred milliseconds. The implication that it is the brain, rather than 'free will', that initiates voluntary acts has been discussed ever since by philosophers and law...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frith CD,Haggard P

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) system has an essential role in the selection and control of movement sequences, and its degeneration causes the characteristic motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonian motor symptoms are alleviated by L-DOPA, but this treatment induces motor fluctuations and dyskinesias (abn...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Cenci MA

更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of central synapses to undergo long-term potentiation (LTP) still captures the imagination of scientists and has become one of the most fascinating and deeply studied questions in modern neuroscience. By the mid-1990s, however, the field was deeply ensnarled in trying to answer a passionately dichotomous q...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Vincent-Lamarre P,Lynn M,Béïque JC

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in gene discovery for neurodevelopmental disorders have identified SCN2A dysfunction as a leading cause of infantile seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. SCN2A encodes the neuronal sodium channel NaV1.2. Functional assays demonstrate strong correlation between genotype and phenotyp...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sanders SJ,Campbell AJ,Cottrell JR,Moller RS,Wagner FF,Auldridge AL,Bernier RA,Catterall WA,Chung WK,Empfield JR,George AL Jr,Hipp JF,Khwaja O,Kiskinis E,Lal D,Malhotra D,Millichap JJ,Otis TS,Petrou S,Pitt G,Schus

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key problem in developmental neurobiology is how axons home in on their correct target tissue and establish the correct synaptic contacts. Recent work shows that in the developing Drosophila visual system a population of distinct lamina glial cells ensures correct target layer selection of retinal axons. In the abse...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pielage J,Klämbt C

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current emphasis on odorant physiochemical features as the basis for perception largely ignores the synthetic and experience-dependent nature of olfaction. Olfaction is synthetic, as mammals have only limited ability to identify elements within even simple odor mixtures. Furthermore, olfaction is experience-bound, as ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Wilson DA,Stevenson RJ

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ejaculation, although mediated by a spinal ejaculation generator, is subject to descending supraspinal modulation from several brain regions. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) is involved in ejaculatory control, with its ejaculation-retarding effects likely to be attributable to activation of 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C r...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Giuliano F

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00