Friends and foes in synaptic transmission: the role of tomosyn in vesicle priming.

abstract：:Although the mechanisms regulating the cerebral microcirculation during neural activity have been the subject of inquiry for a century or more, the mediators responsible for the changes in cerebral blood flow still remain to be clearly identified. The discovery that nitric oxide, a powerful cerebrovasodilator, is prod...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Iadecola C

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has highlighted the importance of the autophagy/lysosomal and mitochondrial/oxidative stress pathways in disease pathogenesis. However, recently identified PD-linked genes, including DNAJC6 (auxilin), SYNJ1 (synaptojanin 1), and the PD risk gene SH3GL2 (endoph...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Nguyen M,Wong YC,Ysselstein D,Severino A,Krainc D

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Potassium channels are crucial regulators of neuronal excitability, setting resting membrane potentials and firing thresholds, repolarizing action potentials and limiting excitability. Although most of our understanding of K+ channels is based on somatic recordings, there is good evidence that these channels are prese...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Dodson PD,Forsythe ID

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Navigation depends upon neural systems that monitor spatial location and head orientation. Recent developmental findings have led some to conclude that these systems are innate. Such claims are premature. But also, there are more meaningful ways to arrive at answers about developmental origins than by invoking the out...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Blumberg MS

更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Classical receptive-field concepts have been used to explain local perceptual effects such as border contrast and Mach bands, but are not sufficient to explain global perceptual effects. Examples are the perception of illusory contours, area contrast, color constancy, depth planes, coherent motion and texture contrast...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spillmann L,Werner JS

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of synaptic connections in the electron microscope has established an 'elementary' circuit for the neostriatum which consists of a pathway from cortical areas (neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala) to medium spiny neurones of the striatum that also receive converging synaptic input from midbrain dopamine neurone...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Smith AD,Bolam JP

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of neuroanatomical and behavioural data, that olfactory discrimination in the rat provides privileged access to higher cognitive processes, involves the acquisition of a learning-set and, importantly, can be used to model human hippocampal function and dysfunction. In this article, ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reid IC,Morris RG

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several modes of synaptic vesicle release, retrieval and recycling have been identified. In a well-established mode of exocytosis, termed 'full-collapse fusion', vesicles empty their neurotransmitter content fully into the synaptic cleft by flattening out and becoming part of the presynaptic membrane. The fused vesicl...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Smith SM,Renden R,von Gersdorff H

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a peripheral synapse formed between motoneuron and skeletal muscle, is characterized by a protracted postnatal period of maturation and life-long maintenance. In neuromuscular disorders such as congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), disruptions of NMJ maturation and/or mai...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Shi L,Fu AK,Ip NY

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of almost all neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Historically, a primary focus in this context has been the link between mitochondrial dynamics and amyloid β toxicity. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of mitochondrial ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Calvo-Rodriguez M,Bacskai BJ

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A genetic analysis of mammalian neuronal physiology might now be possible due to the development of defective herpes simplex virus vectors, which allow gene transfer directly into mature neurons, in culture or in the adult brain. Genetically altered proteins that play critical roles in neuronal physiology, including t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Geller AI,During MJ,Neve RL

更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptically released glutamate activates extrasynaptic receptors; such actions are controlled by glutamate uptake. Recent experimental findings show that there are many more glutamate transporters on the postsynaptic than presynaptic side of the vicinity of central synapses. This asymmetry favours activation of axona...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Rusakov DA,Lehre KP

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How did brains evolve to become so complex, and what is their future? Brains pose an explanatory challenge because entropy, which inexorably increases over time, is commonly associated with disorder and simplicity. Recently we showed how evolution is an entropic process, building structures - organisms - which themsel...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jeffery KJ,Rovelli C

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory dendrites fall into many different morphological and functional classes. Polymodal nociceptors are one subclass of sensory neurons, which are of particular note owing to their elaborate dendritic arbors. Complex developmental programs are required to form these arbors and there is striking conservation of morp...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hall DH,Treinin M

更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In monkeys, the rostral part of ventral premotor cortex (area F5) contains neurons that discharge, both when the monkey grasps or manipulates objects and when it observes the experimenter making similar actions. These neurons (mirror neurons) appear to represent a system that matches observed events to similar, intern...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Rizzolatti G,Arbib MA

更新日期：1998-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The marriage of cognitive neurophysiology and mathematical psychology to understand decision-making has been exceptionally productive. This interdisciplinary area is based on the proposition that particular neurons or circuits instantiate the accumulation of evidence specified by mathematical models of sequential samp...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schall JD

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanosensation in Drosophila relies on sensory neurons transducing mechanical stimuli into ionic currents. The molecular mechanisms of this transduction are in the process of being revealed. Transduction relies on mechanogated ion channels that are activated by membrane stretch or the tension of force-conveying teth...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hehlert P,Zhang W,Göpfert MC

更新日期：2020-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The shapes of the head and ears of mammals are asymmetrical top-to-bottom and front-to-back. Reflections of sounds from these structures differ with the angle of incidence, producing cues for monaural sound localization in the spectra of the stimuli at the eardrum. Neurons in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) respond ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Oertel D,Young ED

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The production by the pyridine MPTP of a parkinsonian syndrome strikingly similar to the 'idiopathic' disorder, and the paucity of evidence supporting a hereditary or infectious etiology for Parkinson's disease (PD), have stimulated a search for environmental chemicals resembling MPTP that might cause PD. In support o...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tanner CM

更新日期：1989-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Purinergic receptors, represented by several families, are arguably the most abundant receptors in living organisms and appeared early in evolution. After slow acceptance, purinergic signalling in both peripheral and central nervous systems is a rapidly expanding field. Here, we emphasize purinergic co-transmission, m...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Abbracchio MP,Burnstock G,Verkhratsky A,Zimmermann H

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous studies have demonstrated that oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord and brainstem originate from restricted domains of ventral neuroepithelium under the influence of sonic hedgehog protein (SHH). However, the origin of oligodendrocytes in the telencephalon, the most anterior part of the CNS, has not been estab...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Qi Y,Stapp D,Qiu M

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapses of the mammalian CNS are asymmetric sites of cell-cell adhesion between nerve cells. They are designed to mediate the rapid and efficient transmission of signals from the presynaptic bouton of one neuron to the postsynaptic plasma membrane of a second neuron. Significant progress has been made in the characte...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Garner CC,Zhai RG,Gundelfinger ED,Ziv NE

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For several decades, the reactive gliosis that occurs after an injury to the CNS has been considered one of the major impediments to axonal regeneration. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that in certain conditions, reactive astrocytes may provide a permissive substratum to support axonal regrowth. The impor...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ridet JL,Malhotra SK,Privat A,Gage FH

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal disease that is characterized by the relentless death of motoneurons. Mutations to Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), though occurring in just 2-3% of individuals with ALS, remain the only proven cause of the disease. These mutations structurally weaken SOD, which indirec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Beckman JS,Estévez AG,Crow JP,Barbeito L

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conflicting reports about whether adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in humans raise questions about its significance for human health and the relevance of animal models. Drawing upon published data, I review species' neurogenesis rates across the lifespan and propose that accelerated neurodevelopmental timing is c...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Snyder JS

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory representations are repeatedly transformed by neural computations that determine which of their attributes can be effectively processed at each stage. Whereas some early computations are common across multiple sensory systems, they can utilize dissimilar underlying mechanisms depending on the properties of eac...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Cleland TA

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Abundant tau-positive neurofibrillary lesions constitute a defining neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Filamentous tau pathology is also central to a number of other dementing disorders, such as Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and familial frontotemporal ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spillantini MG,Goedert M

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Axonal transport is critical for neuronal homeostasis and relies on motor complexes bound to cargoes via specific adaptors. However, the mechanisms responsible for the spatiotemporal regulation of axonal transport are not completely understood. A recent study by Liao et al. contributes to filling this gap by reporting...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Fratta P,Birsa N,Tosolini AP,Schiavo G

更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systematic genetic screens have been powerful tools in identifying genes responsible for axon guidance in fruitflies and nematodes. This approach has now been extended to the study of axon guidance and the formation of topographic neuronal connections in the vertebrate brain. A systematic genetic screen was used to id...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Karlstrom RO,Trowe T,Bonhoeffer F

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:More often than not, action potentials fail to trigger neurotransmitter release. And even when neurotransmitter is released, the resulting change in synaptic conductance is highly variable. Given the energetic cost of generating and propagating action potentials, and the importance of information transmission across s...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Rusakov DA,Savtchenko LP,Latham PE

更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00