Abstract：
:Major themes in neuroethology concern the specificity of key stimuli, neurones tuned to such stimuli, and the release of corresponding behaviour. Neurobiological data from the analysis of visuomotor functions of prey-catching and avoiding in amphibians support the view that retinal outflow in different combinations is pooled for further computation in interacting processing streams, rather than segregated into distinct retinal channels. The keys by which the visual system gets access to perceptual-motor categories are shown to derive from specific computational strategies that evaluate significant configurational features of objects. Rapid behavioural responses are assured by visuomotor pathways which, monitoring different aspects of visual objects, collectively select appropriate motor patterns. Responses can be adapted to varying environmental and internal conditions via modulating and modifying loops. This requires parallel distributed processing and integration at various levels in a macro-network.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
Ewert JPdoi
10.1016/s0166-2236(96)01042-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1997-08-01 00:00:00pages
332-9issue
8eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
S0166223696010429journal_volume
20pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Genetic studies have identified several of the genes associated with malformations of cortical development which might disrupt each of the main stages of cell proliferation and specification, neuronal migration and late cortical organization. The largest malformation groups, focal cortical dysplasia, heterotopia and p...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.004
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The majority of Alzheimer's disease is inherited in a complex manner involving environmental factors and several genes. One of these genes is Apolipoprotein E where the polymorphic allele (APOE epsilon 4) has been robustly shown to modify risk and the course of Alzheimer's disease. The epsilon 4 allele however, only a...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01912-3
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholinergic interneurons have emerged as one of the key players controlling network functions in the striatum. Extracellularly recorded cholinergic interneurons acquire characteristic responses to sensory stimuli during reward-related learning, including a pause and subsequent rebound in spiking. However, the precise ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.09.006
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For organs innervated by the autonomic nervous system, it is generally held that neuroeffector transmission is achieved by varicosities releasing transmitters some distance from the membranes of target cells. Transmitters are thought to diffuse through the extracellular space and interact with post-junctional receptor...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(92)90024-3
更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anhedonia, or markedly diminished interest or pleasure, is a hallmark symptom of major depression, schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the past three decades, the clinical definition of anhedonia has remained relatively unchanged, although cognitive psychology and behavioral neuroscience have expa...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.005
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, the cause of which is unknown. Excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are all likely to contribute to the striatal cell death that occurs in this disorder. There are accumulating data indicating that under specific circumstances, ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01568-x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Strong evidence has been provided that ATP can act as a transmitter not only in smooth muscle but also in peripheral ganglia and in brain. The cloning and molecular identification of two putative ATP receptors supports the previously established pharmacological receptor classifications. This review places into perspec...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(94)90016-7
更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Information that is congruent with existing knowledge (a schema) is usually better remembered than less congruent information. Only recently, however, has the role of schemas in memory been studied from a systems neuroscience perspective. Moreover, incongruent (novel) information is also sometimes better remembered. H...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.02.001
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A genetic analysis of mammalian neuronal physiology might now be possible due to the development of defective herpes simplex virus vectors, which allow gene transfer directly into mature neurons, in culture or in the adult brain. Genetically altered proteins that play critical roles in neuronal physiology, including t...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(91)90040-2
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synaptically released glutamate activates extrasynaptic receptors; such actions are controlled by glutamate uptake. Recent experimental findings show that there are many more glutamate transporters on the postsynaptic than presynaptic side of the vicinity of central synapses. This asymmetry favours activation of axona...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02230-0
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ejaculation, although mediated by a spinal ejaculation generator, is subject to descending supraspinal modulation from several brain regions. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) is involved in ejaculatory control, with its ejaculation-retarding effects likely to be attributable to activation of 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C r...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2006.12.002
更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recently, two large multigene families of putative G-protein-linked receptors that are expressed in distinct subpopulations of neurones in the vomeronasal organ have been identified. These receptors probably mediate pheromone detection. The most surprising aspects of these findings are that there are so many receptors...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01274-0
更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal disease that is characterized by the relentless death of motoneurons. Mutations to Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), though occurring in just 2-3% of individuals with ALS, remain the only proven cause of the disease. These mutations structurally weaken SOD, which indirec...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01981-0
更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The nervous system is made up of many specific types of neuron intricately intertwined to form complex networks. Identifying and defining the characteristic features of the many different neuronal types is essential for achieving a cellular understanding of complex activity from perception to cognition. So far, cortic...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2003.08.002
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple sclerosis (MS), an incurable but manageable disorder, is characterized by chronic inflammatory demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system. Although the primary cause of this often devastating disease remains elusive, major therapeutic advances have occurred during the past two decades. ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2009.12.002
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 'thrifty gene hypothesis' posits that evolution preferentially selects physiological mechanisms that optimize energy storage to increase survival under alternating conditions of abundance and scarcity of food. Recent experiments suggest that endocannabinoids - a class of lipid-derived mediators that activate canna...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.006
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A defining feature of the vertebrate nervous system is the ensheathment of axons by myelin, a multilamellar membrane containing a small group of proteins and an abundance of the galactolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and its sulfated derivative sulfatide. Several in vitro studies have suggested that these galactolipid...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01178-8
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ACh hydrolyzing enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a combinatorial series of proteins with variant N and C termini generated from alternate promoter usage and 3' alternative splicing. Neuronal AChE variants show indistinguishable enzymatic activity yet differ in their expression, multimeric assembly and membran...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2006.02.005
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Most neurons are generated during development and are not replaced during adulthood, even if they are lost to injury or disease. However, it is firmly established that new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of almost all adult mammals, including humans. Nevertheless, many questions remain re...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2015.07.005
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Precisely wired neuronal circuits process sensory information in a learning- and context-dependent manner in order to govern behavior. Simple sensory decision-making tasks in rodents are now beginning to reveal the contributions of distinct cell types and brain regions participating in the conversion of sensory inform...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.08.011
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The strange and unpleasant sensations (paraesthesiae) or asynchronous motor-unit activation (fasciculation) that result from a period of limb ischaemia are examples of ectopic discharge in peripheral nerves. Ectopic activity also results from demyelination and is associated with serious neurological conditions, such a...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01645-3
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For several decades, the reactive gliosis that occurs after an injury to the CNS has been considered one of the major impediments to axonal regeneration. Nevertheless, recent studies have suggested that in certain conditions, reactive astrocytes may provide a permissive substratum to support axonal regrowth. The impor...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01139-9
更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The discovery of genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) has highlighted the importance of the autophagy/lysosomal and mitochondrial/oxidative stress pathways in disease pathogenesis. However, recently identified PD-linked genes, including DNAJC6 (auxilin), SYNJ1 (synaptojanin 1), and the PD risk gene SH3GL2 (endoph...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.11.001
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the central nervous system (CNS) the function of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is best understood from its action in guiding embryonic development; as development comes to completion, retinoic acid signaling declines. However, it is increasingly recognized that this signaling mechanism does not...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.005
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A century after the discovery of acetylcholine (ACh), we recognize both ACh receptors, transporters, and synthesizing and degrading enzymes and regulators of their expression as contributors to cognition, metabolism, and immunity. Recent discoveries indicate that pre- and post-transcriptional ACh signaling controllers...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2015.05.007
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pain is a major medical problem that is resistant to conventional medical intervention. It also causes emotional changes such as anxiety and fear. Furthermore, anxiety or fear often enhances the suffering of pain. Based on recent studies, I propose chronic anxiety triggered by injury or chronic pain is mediate...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2016.01.006
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular Ca2+ initiates physiological events as diverse as gene transcription, muscle contraction, cell division and exocytosis. Predictably, the metabolic machinery that elicits and responds to changes in intracellular Ca2+ is correspondingly heterogeneous. This review focuses on one element of this complex web ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：
更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synapses of the mammalian CNS are asymmetric sites of cell-cell adhesion between nerve cells. They are designed to mediate the rapid and efficient transmission of signals from the presynaptic bouton of one neuron to the postsynaptic plasma membrane of a second neuron. Significant progress has been made in the characte...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02152-5
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that gradually robs affected individuals of memory, cognitive skills and normal movements. Although research has identified a single faulty gene, the huntingtin gene, as the cause of the disease, a cure remains elusive. Strong evidence indicate...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.004
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:High levels of expression of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) occur in neuronal tissues and play a strategic role in the modulation of short- and long-term functions (ion channels, receptor desensitization, neurotransmitter release and synaptic efficiency) that become modified during the brain ageing...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01084-9
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
