Reactive astrocytes: cellular and molecular cues to biological function.

abstract：:Neuroethics, a recently modernized field at the intersection of bioethics and neuroscience, is founded on centuries of discussion of the ethical issues associated with mind and behavior. Broadly defined, neuroethics is concerned with ethical, legal and social policy implications of neuroscience, and with aspects of ne...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Illes J,Bird SJ

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythmical brain activity around 5Hz can be observed in the prefrontal cortex under conditions requiring high levels of cognitive control. However, its temporal dynamics are still elusive. A recent research paper (Cooper et al. Neuroimage 2019;189:130-140) provides evidence that the temporal evolution of this frontal-...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sauseng P,Tschentscher N,Biel AL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of Drosophila as a suitable system to answer behavioural questions is usually based on the availability of mutant phenotypes. Indeed, the 'single-gene' approach to behaviour was a very illuminating strategy in practical and conceptual terms, and served to prove that the genetic mechanisms sustaining behaviour ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ferrús A,Canal I

更新日期：1994-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To localize a sound source in space, the auditory system detects minute differences in the arrival time of a sound between the two ears. It has long been assumed that delay lines and coincidence detectors turn these time differences into a labelled line code for source position, but recent studies challenge this view....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schnupp J

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Maladaptive responses to stress and the associated hypersecretion of glucocorticoids cause psychopathologies ranging from hyperemotional states and mood dysfunction to cognitive impairments. Research in both humans and animal models has begun to identify morphological correlates of these functional changes. These incl...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sousa N,Almeida OF

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Strong evidence has been provided that ATP can act as a transmitter not only in smooth muscle but also in peripheral ganglia and in brain. The cloning and molecular identification of two putative ATP receptors supports the previously established pharmacological receptor classifications. This review places into perspec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Zimmermann H

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The strange and unpleasant sensations (paraesthesiae) or asynchronous motor-unit activation (fasciculation) that result from a period of limb ischaemia are examples of ectopic discharge in peripheral nerves. Ectopic activity also results from demyelination and is associated with serious neurological conditions, such a...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Baker MD

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite its highly diffusible nature, the gaseous signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) can exert specific effects within the CNS and PNS. To date, the specificity of the actions of NO remains an unsolved puzzle. There are several plausible mechanisms that might account for this specificity in the context of autonomic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paton JF,Kasparov S,Paterson DJ

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-synaptic modulation of cortical ACh efflux is a useful approach for determining the functions of cortical ACh. Bilateral modulation of basal forebrain GABAergic transmission by benzodiazepine-receptor agonists and inverse agonists decreases and increases, respectively, activated cortical ACh efflux. The determin...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sarter MF,Bruno JP

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzodiazepines are widely used clinically to treat anxiety and insomnia. They also induce muscle relaxation, control epileptic seizures, and can produce amnesia. Moreover, benzodiazepines are often abused after chronic clinical treatment and also for recreational purposes. Within weeks, tolerance to the pharmacologic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tan KR,Rudolph U,Lüscher C

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are one of the main routes for the entry of Ca2+ into excitable cells. These channels are unique in cell-signalling terms in that they can transduce an electrical signal (membrane depolarization) via Ca2+ entry into a chemical signal, by virtue of the diverse range of intracellular Ca(2...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Dolphin AC

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, two large multigene families of putative G-protein-linked receptors that are expressed in distinct subpopulations of neurones in the vomeronasal organ have been identified. These receptors probably mediate pheromone detection. The most surprising aspects of these findings are that there are so many receptors...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tirindelli R,Mucignat-Caretta C,Ryba NJ

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms underlying lesion formation in multiple sclerosis are unknown. The prevailing view is that macrophages are primary mediators of myelin destruction in the relapsing and remitting forms of this disease. However, recent findings have revealed widespread oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the absence of a clear c...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Matute C,Pérez-Cerdá F

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systematic genetic screens have been powerful tools in identifying genes responsible for axon guidance in fruitflies and nematodes. This approach has now been extended to the study of axon guidance and the formation of topographic neuronal connections in the vertebrate brain. A systematic genetic screen was used to id...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Karlstrom RO,Trowe T,Bonhoeffer F

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A key problem in developmental neurobiology is how axons home in on their correct target tissue and establish the correct synaptic contacts. Recent work shows that in the developing Drosophila visual system a population of distinct lamina glial cells ensures correct target layer selection of retinal axons. In the abse...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pielage J,Klämbt C

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The appearance of Santiago Ramón y Cajal in the world of neuroscience provoked a radical change in the course of its history. Cajal's studies of the microanatomy of virtually the whole CNS and his observations regarding degeneration and regeneration, together with his theories about the function, development and plast...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： DeFelipe J

更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Relief from pain in humans is rewarding and pleasurable. Primary rewards, or reward-predictive cues, are encoded in brain reward/motivational circuits. While considerable advances have been made in our understanding of reward circuits underlying positive reinforcement, less is known about the circuits underlying the h...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Navratilova E,Atcherley CW,Porreca F

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent opinion surveys suggest that the majority of the public is willing to accept the use of animals in research if high standards of welfare and effective regulation are in place. The public appears unaware that such standards have existed for some time. The scientific community should now re-focus its communicatio...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Matfield M

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antisocial aggression is a widespread and expensive social problem. Although aggressive behaviors and temperament are highly heritable, clinical and trait associations for the most promising candidate gene for aggression, MAOA, have been largely inconsistent. We suggest that limitations inherent to that approach might...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Buckholtz JW,Meyer-Lindenberg A

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of neurons to modulate the strength of their synaptic connections has been shown to depend on the relative timing of pre- and postsynaptic action potentials. This form of synaptic plasticity, called spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), has become an attractive model for learning at the single-cell lev...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kampa BM,Letzkus JJ,Stuart GJ

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep is widely believed to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity. However, the precise mechanisms governing this presumptive function are largely unknown. There is also evidence for independent circadian oscillations in synaptic strength and morphology. Therefore, synaptic changes observed after sleep reflect...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frank MG,Cantera R

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hereditary ataxias are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive ataxia that results from degeneration of the cerebellum and its afferent and efferent connections. Recent molecular research has led not only to the discovery of a number of causative mutations, but also shed light...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Klockgether T,Evert B

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discovery and interventions for neurological disorders have a unique capacity to galvanize public opinion over issues of access, human rights, decision making, and the definition of disease. Here we highlight five cases where beliefs and politics prevailed over evidence and ethics. We examine lessons from them about t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paylor B,Longstaff H,Rossi F,Illes J

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic transmission and plasticity are shaped by the dynamic reorganization of signaling molecules within pre- and postsynaptic compartments. The nanoscale organization of key effector molecules has been revealed by single-particle trajectory (SPT) methods. Interestingly, this nanoscale organization is highly hetero...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Heine M,Holcman D

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia (SZ) is primarily an adult psychiatric disorder in which disturbances caused by susceptibility genes and environmental insults during early neurodevelopment initiate neurophysiological changes over a long time course, culminating in the onset of full-blown disease nearly two decades later. Aberrant postn...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jaaro-Peled H,Hayashi-Takagi A,Seshadri S,Kamiya A,Brandon NJ,Sawa A

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is a common and disabling disorder of movement owing to dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. However, it is still unclear how this denervation perverts normal functioning to cause slowing of voluntary movements. Recent work using tissue slice preparations, animal models and in humans with Park...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hammond C,Bergman H,Brown P

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Priming is the process by which vesicles become available for fusion at nerve terminals and is modulated by numerous proteins and second messengers. One of the prominent members of this diverse family is tomosyn. Tomosyn has been identified as a syntaxin-binding protein; it inhibits vesicle priming, but its mode of ac...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ashery U,Bielopolski N,Barak B,Yizhar O

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Advances in understanding the biology of neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways have provided important insights into the normal growth, differentiation and maintenance of neurons. Stimulated by neuropathological observations and genetic discoveries, studies in cell and animal models of neurodegenerative di...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Salehi A,Delcroix JD,Mobley WC

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABAergic interneurons innervating the perisomatic region of pyramidal cells control population discharge patterns, and thereby all cognitive operations in the cerebral cortex. A striking dichotomy in the function of this interneuron population seems to emerge from the synthesis of recent molecular, anatomical and ele...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Freund TF

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much research effort into synaptic plasticity has been motivated by the idea that modifications of synaptic weights (or strengths or efficacies) underlie learning and memory. Here, we examine the possibility of exploiting the statistics of experimentally measured synaptic weights to deduce information about the learni...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barbour B,Brunel N,Hakim V,Nadal JP

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00