Abstract:
:The 'thrifty gene hypothesis' posits that evolution preferentially selects physiological mechanisms that optimize energy storage to increase survival under alternating conditions of abundance and scarcity of food. Recent experiments suggest that endocannabinoids - a class of lipid-derived mediators that activate cannabinoid receptors in many cells of the body - are key agents of energy conservation. The new evidence indicates that these compounds increase energy intake and decrease energy expenditure by controlling the activity of peripheral and central neural pathways involved in the sensing and hedonic processing of sweet and fatty foods, as well as in the storage of their energy content for future use.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
DiPatrizio NV,Piomelli Ddoi
10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-01 00:00:00pages
403-11issue
7eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
S0166-2236(12)00066-5journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::During prenatal brain development, ion channels are ubiquitous across several cell types, including progenitor cells and migrating neurons but their function has not been clear. In the past, ion channel dysfunction has been primarily studied in the context of postnatal, differentiated neurons that fire action potentia...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.12.004
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Conflicting reports about whether adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in humans raise questions about its significance for human health and the relevance of animal models. Drawing upon published data, I review species' neurogenesis rates across the lifespan and propose that accelerated neurodevelopmental timing is c...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.12.001
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of Alzheimer's disease is inherited in a complex manner involving environmental factors and several genes. One of these genes is Apolipoprotein E where the polymorphic allele (APOE epsilon 4) has been robustly shown to modify risk and the course of Alzheimer's disease. The epsilon 4 allele however, only a...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01912-3
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maladaptive responses to stress and the associated hypersecretion of glucocorticoids cause psychopathologies ranging from hyperemotional states and mood dysfunction to cognitive impairments. Research in both humans and animal models has begun to identify morphological correlates of these functional changes. These incl...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.006
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cholinergic interneurons have emerged as one of the key players controlling network functions in the striatum. Extracellularly recorded cholinergic interneurons acquire characteristic responses to sensory stimuli during reward-related learning, including a pause and subsequent rebound in spiking. However, the precise ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.09.006
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptic transmission and plasticity are shaped by the dynamic reorganization of signaling molecules within pre- and postsynaptic compartments. The nanoscale organization of key effector molecules has been revealed by single-particle trajectory (SPT) methods. Interestingly, this nanoscale organization is highly hetero...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.005
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Resolvins, including D and E series resolvins, are endogenous lipid mediators generated during the resolution phase of acute inflammation from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Resolvins have potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution actions in severa...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.08.005
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Modern neuroscientific techniques that specifically manipulate and measure neuronal activity in behaving animals now allow bridging of the gap from the cellular to the behavioral level. However, in doing so, they also pose new challenges. Research using incompletely defined manipulations in a high-dimensional space wi...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.01.002
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The construction of artificial walking machines has been a challenging task for engineers for several centuries. Advances in computer technology have stimulated this research in the past two decades, and enormous progress has been made, particularly in recent years. Nevertheless, in comparing the walk of a six-legged ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90057-h
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are ion channels activated by the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate and are essential to all aspects of brain function, including learning and memory formation. Missense mutations distributed throughout NMDAR subunits have been associated with an array of neurological disorders. Recent stru...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.01.001
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The limitation of immune responsiveness in the mammalian CNS has been attributed to the intricate nature of neuronal networks, which would appear to be more susceptible than other tissues to the threat of permanent disorganization when exposed to massive inflammation. This line of logic led to the conclusion that all ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01405-8
更新日期:1999-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Implanted neural probes are among the most important techniques in both fundamental and clinical neuroscience. Despite great successes and promise, neural electrodes are technically limited by their scalability. A recent study by Obaid et al. demonstrated an innovative way to greatly scale up the channel count and den...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.03.001
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of Drosophila as a suitable system to answer behavioural questions is usually based on the availability of mutant phenotypes. Indeed, the 'single-gene' approach to behaviour was a very illuminating strategy in practical and conceptual terms, and served to prove that the genetic mechanisms sustaining behaviour ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90137-6
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The myelinated axon provides a model in which it is possible to examine how various types of ion channels are incorporated into a membrane to form an excitable neuronal process. The available evidence now indicates that mammalian myelinated fibers contain a repertoire of physiologically active membrane molecules inclu...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90068-l
更新日期:1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent opinion surveys suggest that the majority of the public is willing to accept the use of animals in research if high standards of welfare and effective regulation are in place. The public appears unaware that such standards have existed for some time. The scientific community should now re-focus its communicatio...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02035-x
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repair of adult 'point-to-point' systems by neural grafting is possible only when grafted neurons succeed in synaptically replacing the host's missing neurons, thus re-establishing the anatomical and functional integrity of the impaired circuits. Grafting experiments carried out on the cerebellum of the adult pcd (Pur...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(91)90161-m
更新日期:1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most neurons are generated during development and are not replaced during adulthood, even if they are lost to injury or disease. However, it is firmly established that new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of almost all adult mammals, including humans. Nevertheless, many questions remain re...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.07.005
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neuro-immune interactions are not only vital for the control of neurotropic pathogens, but also appear to influence brain development and homeostasis. During immune surveillance, T cells can patrol the CNS-associated border regions to sense pathogenic alterations. While access to the CNS parenchyma is restricted in th...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.008
更新日期:2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recognition of foreign or misplaced nucleic acids is one of the principal modes by which the immune system detects pathogenic entities. When cytosolic DNA is sensed, a signal is relayed via the cGAS-STING pathway: this involves the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS) and generation of the cyclic di...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.008
更新日期:2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As we learn more about the functional expression of nicotinic receptors in specific brain regions such as the hippocampus, intriguing interactions are being uncovered at the cellular and circuit levels. Recent work from John Dani's laboratory provides important insights into how nicotinic receptors can modify hippocam...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02127-5
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::When nuclear magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the brain are acquired in rapid succession they exhibit small differences in signal intensity in positions corresponding to focal areas of activation. These signal changes result from small differences in the magnetic resonance signal caused by variations in the oxygena...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90055-8
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synaptically released glutamate activates extrasynaptic receptors; such actions are controlled by glutamate uptake. Recent experimental findings show that there are many more glutamate transporters on the postsynaptic than presynaptic side of the vicinity of central synapses. This asymmetry favours activation of axona...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02230-0
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that oligodendrocytes in the spinal cord and brainstem originate from restricted domains of ventral neuroepithelium under the influence of sonic hedgehog protein (SHH). However, the origin of oligodendrocytes in the telencephalon, the most anterior part of the CNS, has not been estab...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02145-8
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptation to the ever-changing world is critical for survival, and our brains are particularly tuned to remember events that differ from previous experiences. Novel experiences induce dopamine release in the hippocampus, a process which promotes memory persistence. While axons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) we...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.10.002
更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opium and its derivatives are potent analgesics that also have many other pharmacological effects in the nervous system. These agents and the endogenous opioid peptides exert their effects by interacting with high-affinity receptors. Complementary DNAs encoding the delta, kappa and mu opioid receptors have been isolat...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90194-q
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Activation of the complement system has been reported in a variety of inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative processes of the CNS. Recent evidence indicates that complement proteins and receptors are synthesized on or by glial cells and, surprisingly, neurons. Among these proteins are the receptors for the chemot...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01390-3
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Foraging-associated predation risk is a natural problem all prey must face. Fear evolved due to its protective functions, guiding and shaping behaviors that help animals adapt to various ecological challenges. Despite the breadth of risky situations in nature that demand diversity in fear behaviors, contemporary neuro...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2016.04.001
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Both ageing and chronic stress are associated with altered brain plasticity, dysregulation of the immune system, and an increased risk of developing brain disorders; all of which have consequences for cognitive and emotional processing. Here we examine the similarities between behavioural changes during ageing and str...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.11.001
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that gradually robs affected individuals of memory, cognitive skills and normal movements. Although research has identified a single faulty gene, the huntingtin gene, as the cause of the disease, a cure remains elusive. Strong evidence indicate...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.004
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gene targeting to create null mutations in mice is a powerful new tool in biology which will allow the molecular dissection of complex phenotypes such as mammalian brain function, and learning and memory. However, the attempt to interpret the phenotypical changes which arise in null-mutant mice is subject to several c...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)20020-7
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00