Molecular mechanisms of CNS synaptogenesis.

abstract：:Although the mechanisms regulating the cerebral microcirculation during neural activity have been the subject of inquiry for a century or more, the mediators responsible for the changes in cerebral blood flow still remain to be clearly identified. The discovery that nitric oxide, a powerful cerebrovasodilator, is prod...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Iadecola C

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systematic genetic screens have been powerful tools in identifying genes responsible for axon guidance in fruitflies and nematodes. This approach has now been extended to the study of axon guidance and the formation of topographic neuronal connections in the vertebrate brain. A systematic genetic screen was used to id...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Karlstrom RO,Trowe T,Bonhoeffer F

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is now clear that cytokines traditionally viewed as immune modulators participate in inflammatory responses within the adult nervous system. However, in the developing nervous system hematolymphopoietic cytokines also play a role unrelated to neural-immune interactions. Instead, many of these factors subserve prima...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mehler MF,Kessler JA

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rather than merely a nuisance, noise in biological systems is a useful property. Before patch-clamp methods were invented, analysis of membrane current noise provided the first solid, if indirect, evidence for the existence of ion-conducting pores with discrete conductance levels. Although supplanted by single-channel...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Traynelis SF,Jaramillo F

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity, but the biological bases of the deficits in emotional and cognitive processing remain incompletely understood. Current antidepressant therapies are effective in only some patients and act slowly. Here, we propose an excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression in...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Thompson SM,Kallarackal AJ,Kvarta MD,Van Dyke AM,LeGates TA,Cai X

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To understand the role of a gene in adult behavior, it is necessary to control its expression in four dimensions: space and time. Two recent papers describe implementation of different but related technologies that now provide this missing element in fly behavioral research. ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Leung B,Waddell S

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Imagine the decisions you might make while playing a simple game like 'matching pennies'. At each play, you and your opponent, say the mathematician John vonNeumann, each lay down a penny heads or tails up. If both pennies show the same side, vonNeumann wins, if not, you win. Before each play, you have the subjective ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Glimcher PW

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Priming is the process by which vesicles become available for fusion at nerve terminals and is modulated by numerous proteins and second messengers. One of the prominent members of this diverse family is tomosyn. Tomosyn has been identified as a syntaxin-binding protein; it inhibits vesicle priming, but its mode of ac...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ashery U,Bielopolski N,Barak B,Yizhar O

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Presynaptic NMDA receptors (preNMDARs) play pivotal roles in excitatory neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. They facilitate presynaptic neurotransmitter release and modulate mechanisms controlling synaptic maturation and plasticity during formative periods of brain development. There is an increasing understand...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Banerjee A,Larsen RS,Philpot BD,Paulsen O

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuro-immune interactions are not only vital for the control of neurotropic pathogens, but also appear to influence brain development and homeostasis. During immune surveillance, T cells can patrol the CNS-associated border regions to sense pathogenic alterations. While access to the CNS parenchyma is restricted in th...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mundt S,Greter M,Flügel A,Becher B

更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies of the iconic fall migration of monarch butterflies have illuminated the mechanisms behind their southward navigation while using a time-compensated sun compass. Skylight cues, such as the sun itself and polarized light, are processed through both eyes and are probably integrated in the brain's central ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reppert SM,Gegear RJ,Merlin C

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In their 1994 paper, Monyer et al. described unique functional properties and cell type-specific expression of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) GluN2 subunits, suggesting that the roles of NMDAR vary across brain regions and throughout development. This influential work not only provided insight into how molecular diversity impa...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Swanger SA,Traynelis SF

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Anatomical and functional studies of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) have identified multiple PFC subregions. We argue that the PFC is involved in cognitive functions exceeding the sum of specific functions attributed to its subregions. These can be revealed either by lesions of the whole PFC, or more specifically by sele...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Wilson CR,Gaffan D,Browning PG,Baxter MG

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin is an important neuromodulator associated with a wide range of physiological effects in the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms whereby serotonin influences brain development are not well understood, although studies in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms are beginning to unravel a regulator...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Daubert EA,Condron BG

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been suggested, on the basis of neuroanatomical and behavioural data, that olfactory discrimination in the rat provides privileged access to higher cognitive processes, involves the acquisition of a learning-set and, importantly, can be used to model human hippocampal function and dysfunction. In this article, ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reid IC,Morris RG

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severed distal segments of nerve axons (anucleate axons) have now been reported to survive for weeks to years in representative organisms from most phyla, including the vertebrates. Among invertebrates (especially crustaceans), such long-term survival might involve transfer of proteins from adjacent intact cells to an...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bittner GD

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How did brains evolve to become so complex, and what is their future? Brains pose an explanatory challenge because entropy, which inexorably increases over time, is commonly associated with disorder and simplicity. Recently we showed how evolution is an entropic process, building structures - organisms - which themsel...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jeffery KJ,Rovelli C

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To successfully interact with their environments, developing organisms need to correctly process sensory information and generate motor outputs appropriate to their size and structure. Patterned sensory experience has long been known to induce various forms of developmental plasticity that ultimately shape mature neur...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ruthazer ES,Aizenman CD

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A large body of evidence suggests that neural plasticity contributes to learning and disease. Recent studies suggest that cortical map plasticity is typically a transient phase that improves learning by increasing the pool of task-relevant responses. Here, I discuss a new perspective on neural plasticity and suggest h...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kilgard MP

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythmic motor activity requires coordination of different muscles or muscle groups so that they are all active with the same cycle duration and appropriate phase relationships. The neural mechanisms for such phase coupling in vertebrate locomotion are not known. Swimming in the lamprey is accomplished by the generati...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Cohen AH,Ermentrout GB,Kiemel T,Kopell N,Sigvardt KA,Williams TL

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has become apparent in recent years that the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins play a major role in secretion. This review summarizes recent findings on the cytoskeleton organization and the molecular topology of its regulatory proteins, as well as the dynamic changes that occur in this organelle during secr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Trifaró JM,Vitale ML

更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sensory representations are repeatedly transformed by neural computations that determine which of their attributes can be effectively processed at each stage. Whereas some early computations are common across multiple sensory systems, they can utilize dissimilar underlying mechanisms depending on the properties of eac...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Cleland TA

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern neuroscientific techniques that specifically manipulate and measure neuronal activity in behaving animals now allow bridging of the gap from the cellular to the behavioral level. However, in doing so, they also pose new challenges. Research using incompletely defined manipulations in a high-dimensional space wi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Braganza O,Beck H

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nearly 30 years ago, a debate over two disparate models of synaptic vesicle retrieval arose. Subsequent investigations to determine which model was correct proved inconclusive and served only to further the debate. However, recent evidence has begun to suggest that both models are valid and relevant in understanding t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Wilkinson RS,Cole JC

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of almost all neurological diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Historically, a primary focus in this context has been the link between mitochondrial dynamics and amyloid β toxicity. Recent evidence suggests that dysregulation of mitochondrial ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Calvo-Rodriguez M,Bacskai BJ

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several modes of synaptic vesicle release, retrieval and recycling have been identified. In a well-established mode of exocytosis, termed 'full-collapse fusion', vesicles empty their neurotransmitter content fully into the synaptic cleft by flattening out and becoming part of the presynaptic membrane. The fused vesicl...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Smith SM,Renden R,von Gersdorff H

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No therapy exists to slow down or prevent Parkinson's disease (PD), a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) emerged as promising disease-modifying agents in PD and are currently under clinical development. We argue that efforts in three research areas must converge to harness the full th...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Aron L,Klein R

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue injury can initiate bidirectional signaling between neurons, glia, and immune cells that creates and amplifies pain. While the ability for neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and cytokines to initiate and maintain pain has been extensively studied, recent work has identified a key role for reactive oxygen and nit...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Grace PM,Gaudet AD,Staikopoulos V,Maier SF,Hutchinson MR,Salvemini D,Watkins LR

更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compromise of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is a potential basis for multiple physiological abnormalities and pathologies in the CNS. This could be because reduced protein turnover leads to bulk intracellular protein accumulation. However, conditions associated with compromised UPS function are also associated...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ding Q,Cecarini V,Keller JN

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, the cause of which is unknown. Excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are all likely to contribute to the striatal cell death that occurs in this disorder. There are accumulating data indicating that under specific circumstances, ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jakel RJ,Maragos WF

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00