Remyelination-Promoting Inflammation: Novel Role for MyD88 Signaling in Microglia/Macrophages.

abstract：:The hereditary ataxias are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive ataxia that results from degeneration of the cerebellum and its afferent and efferent connections. Recent molecular research has led not only to the discovery of a number of causative mutations, but also shed light...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Klockgether T,Evert B

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intensive mapping of the essential cerebellar brain circuits for Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning appeared relatively complete by 2000, but new data indicate the need for additional differentiation of cerebellar regions and mechanisms coding delay and trace conditioning. This is especially important, as trace condition...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Woodruff-Pak DS,Disterhoft JF

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite its highly diffusible nature, the gaseous signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) can exert specific effects within the CNS and PNS. To date, the specificity of the actions of NO remains an unsolved puzzle. There are several plausible mechanisms that might account for this specificity in the context of autonomic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paton JF,Kasparov S,Paterson DJ

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neural tube closure fails in both mouse and Xenopus when dishevelled and other components of the planar-cell-polarity pathway are misregulated. The underlying defect involves a failure of convergent extension in the midline of the early neural plate. Although bilateral neural folds form, they are abnormally far apart ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Copp AJ,Greene ND,Murdoch JN

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The limitation of immune responsiveness in the mammalian CNS has been attributed to the intricate nature of neuronal networks, which would appear to be more susceptible than other tissues to the threat of permanent disorganization when exposed to massive inflammation. This line of logic led to the conclusion that all ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schwartz M,Moalem G,Leibowitz-Amit R,Cohen IR

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:No therapy exists to slow down or prevent Parkinson's disease (PD), a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) emerged as promising disease-modifying agents in PD and are currently under clinical development. We argue that efforts in three research areas must converge to harness the full th...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Aron L,Klein R

更新日期：2011-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tsao et al. have recently used functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare processing for moving stereoscopic forms in macaque and human brains. Most humans exhibited activation in a swath of lateral occipital areas, extending into the intraparietal sulcus, with a limited version of the same pattern in monkeys. H...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tyler CW

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia (SZ) is primarily an adult psychiatric disorder in which disturbances caused by susceptibility genes and environmental insults during early neurodevelopment initiate neurophysiological changes over a long time course, culminating in the onset of full-blown disease nearly two decades later. Aberrant postn...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jaaro-Peled H,Hayashi-Takagi A,Seshadri S,Kamiya A,Brandon NJ,Sawa A

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic alterations in the structure of the neuronal cytoskeleton are necessary for axonal growth and guidance during development and may also be involved in modulation of synaptic function. Recent evidence suggests that the structural and mechanochemical properties of the cytoskeletal protein, actin, are critical to ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Forscher P

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a neurodevelopmental disorder with serious lifelong consequences, autism has received considerable attention from neuroscientists and geneticists. We present a hypothesis of mechanisms plausibly affected during brain development in autism, based on neural pathways that are associated with social behavior and connec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pfaff D,Barbas H

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1983 Libet et al. demonstrated that brain activity associated with a voluntary act precedes conscious experience of the intention to act by several hundred milliseconds. The implication that it is the brain, rather than 'free will', that initiates voluntary acts has been discussed ever since by philosophers and law...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frith CD,Haggard P

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Women experience many pain conditions more frequently when compared with men, but the biological mechanisms underlying sex differences in pain remain poorly understood. In particular, little is known about possible sex differences in peripheral nociceptors, the fundamental building blocks of pain transmission. Emergin...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Chen Y,Navratilova E,Dodick DW,Porreca F

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Repair of adult 'point-to-point' systems by neural grafting is possible only when grafted neurons succeed in synaptically replacing the host's missing neurons, thus re-establishing the anatomical and functional integrity of the impaired circuits. Grafting experiments carried out on the cerebellum of the adult pcd (Pur...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sotelo C,Alvarado-Mallart RM

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It might appear curious to read about yeast, slime molds and protozoa in a journal dedicated to neuroscience. However, despite their distinct lack of synapses, eukaryotic microorganisms hold a wealth of information relevant to the signal-transduction pathways that underly activity in neuronal receptor cells, particula...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Van Houten J

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The precise modulation of regional cerebral blood flow during neural activation is important for matching local energetic demand and supply and clearing brain metabolites. Here we discuss advances facilitated by high-resolution optical in vivo imaging techniques that for the first time have provided direct visualizati...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Grutzendler J,Nedergaard M

更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glia are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian nervous system and they have vital roles in neural development, function and health. However our understanding of the biology of glia is in its infancy. How do glia develop and interact with neurons? How diverse are glial populations? What are the primary functions...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Freeman MR,Doherty J

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic spines, small bulbous postsynaptic compartments emanating from neuronal dendrites, have been thought to serve as basic units of memory storage. Despite their small size (~0.1 femtoliter), thousands of species of proteins exist in the spine, including receptors, channels, scaffolding proteins and signaling en...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Murakoshi H,Yasuda R

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Severed distal segments of nerve axons (anucleate axons) have now been reported to survive for weeks to years in representative organisms from most phyla, including the vertebrates. Among invertebrates (especially crustaceans), such long-term survival might involve transfer of proteins from adjacent intact cells to an...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bittner GD

更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trans-synaptic modulation of cortical ACh efflux is a useful approach for determining the functions of cortical ACh. Bilateral modulation of basal forebrain GABAergic transmission by benzodiazepine-receptor agonists and inverse agonists decreases and increases, respectively, activated cortical ACh efflux. The determin...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sarter MF,Bruno JP

更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most neurons are generated during development and are not replaced during adulthood, even if they are lost to injury or disease. However, it is firmly established that new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of almost all adult mammals, including humans. Nevertheless, many questions remain re...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Inta D,Cameron HA,Gass P

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent opinion surveys suggest that the majority of the public is willing to accept the use of animals in research if high standards of welfare and effective regulation are in place. The public appears unaware that such standards have existed for some time. The scientific community should now re-focus its communicatio...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Matfield M

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The subunit switching of ligand-gated receptors is a potentially important mechanism through which synaptic plasticity can be achieved in the nervous system. Although established in an activity-dependent manner for neurotransmission that is mediated by excitatory amino acids, there is much less direct evidence for a r...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Brussaard AB,Herbison AE

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic pain is a major medical problem that is resistant to conventional medical intervention. It also causes emotional changes such as anxiety and fear. Furthermore, anxiety or fear often enhances the suffering of pain. Based on recent studies, I propose chronic anxiety triggered by injury or chronic pain is mediate...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Zhuo M

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABAergic interneurons innervating the perisomatic region of pyramidal cells control population discharge patterns, and thereby all cognitive operations in the cerebral cortex. A striking dichotomy in the function of this interneuron population seems to emerge from the synthesis of recent molecular, anatomical and ele...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Freund TF

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that some excitatory nerve terminals have high concentrations of Zn(2+) in their synaptic vesicles. For some time, it has been believed that synaptic Zn(2+) is released during neurotransmission and acts as a neuromodulator. Fluorescent Zn(2+) indicators that do not penetrate membranes offer the ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kay AR

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Speakers of different languages think about time differently in accordance with the spatial metaphors common in their languages. Furthermore, learning new spatial metaphors in language instills new non-linguistic representations of time, suggesting that language can play a causal role in constructing mental timelines....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Boroditsky L

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic pain is sustained by central neuronal sensitization, with many similar characteristics irrespective of the type of injury incurred. Nevertheless, pain arising from nerve injury (neuropathic pain) is resistant to centrally acting analgesics, whereas inflammatory pain responds well. New research indicates that t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Garry EM,Fleetwood-Walker SM

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Itch is a distinct sensation arising from the superficial layers of skin and mucous membranes. It is elicited by histamine and probably other endogenous chemicals that excite subpopulations of unmyelinated primary afferents and spinal neurones projecting through the anterolateral quadrant to the brain. The two popular...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McMahon SB,Koltzenburg M

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major problems of living in a rich visual environment is deciding which particular object or location should be chosen for complete processing or attention; that is, deciding which object is most salient at any particular time. The pulvinar has enlarged substantially during evolution, although little has pr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Robinson DL,Petersen SE

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons are thought to serve as a final common neural pathway for mediating reinforcement processes. However, several recent findings have challenged the view that mesolimbic dopamine has a crucial role in the maintenance of reinforcement processes, or the subjective rewarding actions of natura...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Spanagel R,Weiss F

更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00