Abstract：
:Itch is a distinct sensation arising from the superficial layers of skin and mucous membranes. It is elicited by histamine and probably other endogenous chemicals that excite subpopulations of unmyelinated primary afferents and spinal neurones projecting through the anterolateral quadrant to the brain. The two popular views, which propose either that itch is signalled by a labelled line system of peripheral and central itch-specific neurones or that itch is the subliminal form of pain, both fail to explain convincingly many known features. Alternative theories emphasize central processes that extract the relevant information from afferents with broad sensitivity spectra for pruritogenic and noxious stimuli. Thus, itch presents an irritating challenge for the specificity theory of somatosensation.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
McMahon SB,Koltzenburg Mdoi
10.1016/0166-2236(92)90102-esubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-12-01 00:00:00pages
497-501issue
12eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
0166-2236(92)90102-Ejournal_volume
15pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Neurobiology was a central concern at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL), Woods Hole at the end of the last century, when the director Charles Otis Whitman set up a seminar for discussion of research and general issues in 'neurology', which took place annually from 1896 to 1900 and generated intense interest among...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(90)90118-t
更新日期：1990-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging is the most important risk factor for common neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Aging in the central nervous system has been associated with elevated mutation load in mitochondrial DNA, defects in mitochondrial respiration and increased oxidative damage. These observations ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2008.02.008
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Abundant tau-positive neurofibrillary lesions constitute a defining neuropathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. Filamentous tau pathology is also central to a number of other dementing disorders, such as Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration and familial frontotemporal ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01337-x
更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gene targeting to create null mutations in mice is a powerful new tool in biology which will allow the molecular dissection of complex phenotypes such as mammalian brain function, and learning and memory. However, the attempt to interpret the phenotypical changes which arise in null-mutant mice is subject to several c...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(96)20020-7
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in gene discovery for neurodevelopmental disorders have identified SCN2A dysfunction as a leading cause of infantile seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. SCN2A encodes the neuronal sodium channel NaV1.2. Functional assays demonstrate strong correlation between genotype and phenotyp...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.011
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Within the past decade intensive molecular genetic research has been carried out in the attempt to pinpoint chromosomal loci that may be linked to neuropsychiatric disorders. Joseph Martin reviews progress made in the application of molecular genetics to the study of diseases such as Huntington's disease, Alzheimer's ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(89)90051-9
更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repair of adult 'point-to-point' systems by neural grafting is possible only when grafted neurons succeed in synaptically replacing the host's missing neurons, thus re-establishing the anatomical and functional integrity of the impaired circuits. Grafting experiments carried out on the cerebellum of the adult pcd (Pur...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(91)90161-m
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A large body of evidence suggests that neural plasticity contributes to learning and disease. Recent studies suggest that cortical map plasticity is typically a transient phase that improves learning by increasing the pool of task-relevant responses. Here, I discuss a new perspective on neural plasticity and suggest h...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.09.002
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are one of the main routes for the entry of Ca2+ into excitable cells. These channels are unique in cell-signalling terms in that they can transduce an electrical signal (membrane depolarization) via Ca2+ entry into a chemical signal, by virtue of the diverse range of intracellular Ca(2...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(96)81865-0
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The orexins (or hypocretins) are neuropeptide transmitters made exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have extensive CNS projections. Previous studies reported that this system is most strongly associated with feeding, arousal and the maintenance of waking. We review here recent studies that reveal a novel and impo...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2006.08.002
更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This is a great age to participate in biological inquiry. Behavioral neuroscience offers a rich perspective for molecular biologists. However, behavioral analysis is not simply an assay. Whereas molecular biology has become a unique tool in the armamentarium of behavioral neuroscience, the powerful methodology of mole...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01636-2
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Behavioral evidence from phylogenetically diverse animals and from humans suggests that, by extracting temporal information inherent in the olfactory signal, olfaction is more involved in interpreting space and time than heretofore imagined. If this is the case, the olfactory system must have neural mechanisms capable...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2016.08.002
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The current dominant model of binaural sound localization proposes that the lateral position of a sound source is determined by the position of maximal activation within an array of binaural coincidence-detector neurons that are tuned to different interaural time differences (ITDs). The tuning of a neuron for an ITD i...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00140-1
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pain secondary to neuronal injury is actively and continuously modulated at multiple locations along the sensory neuraxis. Here, we describe how nociceptive neurons of the spinal cord and thalamus process and communicate nociceptive information in terms of precisely calibrated firing patterns. We then discuss ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2008.11.004
更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendritic spines, small bulbous postsynaptic compartments emanating from neuronal dendrites, have been thought to serve as basic units of memory storage. Despite their small size (~0.1 femtoliter), thousands of species of proteins exist in the spine, including receptors, channels, scaffolding proteins and signaling en...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2011.12.002
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In their 1994 paper, Monyer et al. described unique functional properties and cell type-specific expression of NMDA receptor (NMDAR) GluN2 subunits, suggesting that the roles of NMDAR vary across brain regions and throughout development. This influential work not only provided insight into how molecular diversity impa...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.06.001
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dynamic alterations in the structure of the neuronal cytoskeleton are necessary for axonal growth and guidance during development and may also be involved in modulation of synaptic function. Recent evidence suggests that the structural and mechanochemical properties of the cytoskeletal protein, actin, are critical to ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(89)90098-2
更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Active feedback mechanisms in the ears of mammals amplify and tune the auditory response to sound stimuli, allowing these organisms to enjoy both exquisite sensitivity and sharp frequency selectivity. A requisite component of this feedback pathway has recently been identified. Targeted deletion of pres, the gene that ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00030-4
更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Axon interruption elicits a complex neuronal response that leaves neurons poised precariously between death and regeneration. The signals underlying this dichotomy are not fully understood. The transcription factor c-Jun is one of the earliest and most consistent markers for neurons that respond to nerve-fiber transec...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(96)01000-4
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schizophrenia (SZ) is primarily an adult psychiatric disorder in which disturbances caused by susceptibility genes and environmental insults during early neurodevelopment initiate neurophysiological changes over a long time course, culminating in the onset of full-blown disease nearly two decades later. Aberrant postn...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2009.05.007
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pain is a major medical problem that is resistant to conventional medical intervention. It also causes emotional changes such as anxiety and fear. Furthermore, anxiety or fear often enhances the suffering of pain. Based on recent studies, I propose chronic anxiety triggered by injury or chronic pain is mediate...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2016.01.006
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute inflammation plays an important role in host tissue defense against injury and infection, and also subsequent tissue repair. In the central nervous system parenchyma, following many types of insults, the acute inflammatory response to rapid neuronal degeneration or challenge with inflammatory substances differs ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(93)90180-t
更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons are thought to serve as a final common neural pathway for mediating reinforcement processes. However, several recent findings have challenged the view that mesolimbic dopamine has a crucial role in the maintenance of reinforcement processes, or the subjective rewarding actions of natura...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01447-2
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) displays complex fluctuations in response to a variety of stimuli, and acts as a pluripotent signal for many neuronal functions. It is well established that various 'metabotropic' neurotransmitter receptors can mediate the mobilization of Ca2+ stores via actions o...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(95)93919-o
更新日期：1995-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cholinergic interneurons have emerged as one of the key players controlling network functions in the striatum. Extracellularly recorded cholinergic interneurons acquire characteristic responses to sensory stimuli during reward-related learning, including a pause and subsequent rebound in spiking. However, the precise ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.09.006
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is now clear that cytokines traditionally viewed as immune modulators participate in inflammatory responses within the adult nervous system. However, in the developing nervous system hematolymphopoietic cytokines also play a role unrelated to neural-immune interactions. Instead, many of these factors subserve prima...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(96)01045-4
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhythmic motor activity requires coordination of different muscles or muscle groups so that they are all active with the same cycle duration and appropriate phase relationships. The neural mechanisms for such phase coupling in vertebrate locomotion are not known. Swimming in the lamprey is accomplished by the generati...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(92)90006-t
更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It has become apparent in recent years that the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins play a major role in secretion. This review summarizes recent findings on the cytoskeleton organization and the molecular topology of its regulatory proteins, as well as the dynamic changes that occur in this organelle during secr...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(93)90079-2
更新日期：1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic mouse models based on identification of genes that cause Huntington's and Parkinson's diseases have revolutionized understanding of the mechanistic pathophysiological progression of these disorders. These models allow the earliest manifestations of the diseases to be identified, and they display behavioral, ne...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2004.08.008
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ACh hydrolyzing enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a combinatorial series of proteins with variant N and C termini generated from alternate promoter usage and 3' alternative splicing. Neuronal AChE variants show indistinguishable enzymatic activity yet differ in their expression, multimeric assembly and membran...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2006.02.005
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
