Neurobiology a century ago at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole.

abstract：:Notions of what constitutes a neurotransmitter have changed markedly with the advent in the past decade of synaptic molecules, which satisfy key neurotransmitter criteria but differ radically from classical transmitters. Thus, NO and carbon monoxide are neither stored in synaptic vesicles nor released by exocytosis. T...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barañano DE,Ferris CD,Snyder SH

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A century after the discovery of acetylcholine (ACh), we recognize both ACh receptors, transporters, and synthesizing and degrading enzymes and regulators of their expression as contributors to cognition, metabolism, and immunity. Recent discoveries indicate that pre- and post-transcriptional ACh signaling controllers...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Soreq H

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the brain, highly connected and heterogeneous GABAergic cells are crucial in controling the activity of neuronal networks. They accomplish this task by communicating through remarkably diverse sets of inhibitory processes, the complexity of which is reflected by the variety of interneuron classification schemes pro...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mody I,Pearce RA

更新日期：2004-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is a common and disabling disorder of movement owing to dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. However, it is still unclear how this denervation perverts normal functioning to cause slowing of voluntary movements. Recent work using tissue slice preparations, animal models and in humans with Park...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hammond C,Bergman H,Brown P

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since early anatomical descriptions, the existence of dendritic spines has stimulated intense curiosity and speculation about their regulation and function. Research over the past three decades has described an impressive mutability in dendritic-spine number and morphology under a variety of physiological circumstance...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Halpain S

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It might appear curious to read about yeast, slime molds and protozoa in a journal dedicated to neuroscience. However, despite their distinct lack of synapses, eukaryotic microorganisms hold a wealth of information relevant to the signal-transduction pathways that underly activity in neuronal receptor cells, particula...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Van Houten J

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that gradually robs affected individuals of memory, cognitive skills and normal movements. Although research has identified a single faulty gene, the huntingtin gene, as the cause of the disease, a cure remains elusive. Strong evidence indicate...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bossy-Wetzel E,Petrilli A,Knott AB

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern neuroscientific techniques that specifically manipulate and measure neuronal activity in behaving animals now allow bridging of the gap from the cellular to the behavioral level. However, in doing so, they also pose new challenges. Research using incompletely defined manipulations in a high-dimensional space wi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Braganza O,Beck H

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is generally thought that monoamines play a nonspecific role in modulating cortical activity. However, several lines of evidence now indicate that cortical monoaminergic afferents show remarkable anatomical specificity. In particular, there is unequivocal evidence for regional, laminar and intracortical specificity...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Parnavelas JG,Papadopoulos GC

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Foraging-associated predation risk is a natural problem all prey must face. Fear evolved due to its protective functions, guiding and shaping behaviors that help animals adapt to various ecological challenges. Despite the breadth of risky situations in nature that demand diversity in fear behaviors, contemporary neuro...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pellman BA,Kim JJ

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fear is an adaptive response to recognition of a potentially dangerous event. Glucocorticoids are essential for maintaining a wide variety of behavioral events by their regulation of numerous genes; one such gene encodes corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH is involved in diverse behavioral responses to changin...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schulkin J,Morgan MA,Rosen JB

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A fundamental problem in systems neuroscience is mapping the physical properties of a stimulus to perceptual characteristics. In vision, wavelength translates into color; in audition, frequency translates into pitch. Although odorant concentration is a key feature of olfactory stimuli, we do not know how concentration...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mainland JD,Lundström JN,Reisert J,Lowe G

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much research effort into synaptic plasticity has been motivated by the idea that modifications of synaptic weights (or strengths or efficacies) underlie learning and memory. Here, we examine the possibility of exploiting the statistics of experimentally measured synaptic weights to deduce information about the learni...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barbour B,Brunel N,Hakim V,Nadal JP

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic alterations in the structure of the neuronal cytoskeleton are necessary for axonal growth and guidance during development and may also be involved in modulation of synaptic function. Recent evidence suggests that the structural and mechanochemical properties of the cytoskeletal protein, actin, are critical to ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Forscher P

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hereditary ataxias are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders characterized by progressive ataxia that results from degeneration of the cerebellum and its afferent and efferent connections. Recent molecular research has led not only to the discovery of a number of causative mutations, but also shed light...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Klockgether T,Evert B

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, the cause of which is unknown. Excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are all likely to contribute to the striatal cell death that occurs in this disorder. There are accumulating data indicating that under specific circumstances, ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jakel RJ,Maragos WF

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A growing body of work is investigating the safety and efficacy of light in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we discuss the potential of this emerging therapy to improve both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. We also highlight directions for future basic, translational, and clinical research that are critical for the ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Fifel K,Videnovic A

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Schizophrenia (SZ) is primarily an adult psychiatric disorder in which disturbances caused by susceptibility genes and environmental insults during early neurodevelopment initiate neurophysiological changes over a long time course, culminating in the onset of full-blown disease nearly two decades later. Aberrant postn...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jaaro-Peled H,Hayashi-Takagi A,Seshadri S,Kamiya A,Brandon NJ,Sawa A

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene targeting to create null mutations in mice is a powerful new tool in biology which will allow the molecular dissection of complex phenotypes such as mammalian brain function, and learning and memory. However, the attempt to interpret the phenotypical changes which arise in null-mutant mice is subject to several c...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Gerlai R

更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current dominant model of binaural sound localization proposes that the lateral position of a sound source is determined by the position of maximal activation within an array of binaural coincidence-detector neurons that are tuned to different interaural time differences (ITDs). The tuning of a neuron for an ITD i...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McAlpine D,Grothe B

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'thrifty gene hypothesis' posits that evolution preferentially selects physiological mechanisms that optimize energy storage to increase survival under alternating conditions of abundance and scarcity of food. Recent experiments suggest that endocannabinoids - a class of lipid-derived mediators that activate canna...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： DiPatrizio NV,Piomelli D

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) has been linked to demyelination and remyelination. Using zebrafish and mouse models of demyelination and remyelination, Cunha et al. now describe a novel role for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling in supporting remyelination by promoting myeloid cell-...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Murugaiyan G,Fujiwara M,Garo LP

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is compelling evidence linking bradykinin (BK) with the pathophysiological processes that accompany tissue damage and inflammation, especially the production of pain and hyperalgesia. Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for hyperalgesia including the direct activation of nociceptors as well as sensi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Dray A,Perkins M

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intracellular Ca2+ initiates physiological events as diverse as gene transcription, muscle contraction, cell division and exocytosis. Predictably, the metabolic machinery that elicits and responds to changes in intracellular Ca2+ is correspondingly heterogeneous. This review focuses on one element of this complex web ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Dunlap K,Luebke JI,Turner TJ

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How the brain becomes lateralized is poorly understood. By contrast, much is known about molecular cues that specify the left-right axis of the body, fashioning the asymmetric morphology and positioning of the visceral organs. In zebrafish, the Nodal signaling pathway functions in visceral asymmetry and also in the em...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Halpern ME,Liang JO,Gamse JT

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hodgkin and Huxley (H-H) model for action potential generation has held firm for half a century because this relatively simple and experimentally testable model embodies the major features of membrane nonlinearity: namely, voltage-dependent ionic currents that activate and inactivate in time. However, experimental and...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Meunier C,Segev I

更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute inflammation plays an important role in host tissue defense against injury and infection, and also subsequent tissue repair. In the central nervous system parenchyma, following many types of insults, the acute inflammatory response to rapid neuronal degeneration or challenge with inflammatory substances differs ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Perry VH,Andersson PB,Gordon S

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with a CD8(+) phenotype have the potential to recognize and attack major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-expressing brain cells. Most brain cells, including neurons, can be stimulated to present peptides to CD8(+) CTLs by MHC class I molecules, and are susceptible to CTL-mediate...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Neumann H,Medana IM,Bauer J,Lassmann H

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Conflicting reports about whether adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in humans raise questions about its significance for human health and the relevance of animal models. Drawing upon published data, I review species' neurogenesis rates across the lifespan and propose that accelerated neurodevelopmental timing is c...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Snyder JS

更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum responds to stress by initiating a cascade of events known as the 'unfolded-protein response' (UPR). The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the leukodystrophy Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease activates this stress response, resulting in apoptosis of oligodendrocytes. Although it remains uncert...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Forman MS,Lee VM,Trojanowski JQ

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00