Abstract:
:Since early anatomical descriptions, the existence of dendritic spines has stimulated intense curiosity and speculation about their regulation and function. Research over the past three decades has described an impressive mutability in dendritic-spine number and morphology under a variety of physiological circumstances. Current evidence favors a proposed model in which two pools of actin filaments, one stable and the other dynamic, support both persistent spine structure and rapid spine motility. Potential functions of spine motility and dynamic actin include regulated protein scaffolding, retrograde signaling and synapse stabilization.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
Halpain Sdoi
10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01576-9subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2000-04-01 00:00:00pages
141-6issue
4eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
S0166-2236(00)01576-9journal_volume
23pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The hormone melatonin was first identified about 30 years ago as a secretory product of the pineal gland. In mammals, the daily rhythm of pineal melatonin synthesis is controlled by neural inputs. The CNS is thought to be a primary target organ involved in mediating the influence of melatonin on a variety of physiolog...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90100-o
更新日期:1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::A general assay for evaluating functional interactions between ligands and G-protein-coupled receptors within minutes has been developed. The system uses the principles employed by animals such as reptiles, amphibians and fish to control their colors. In nature, activation of G-protein-coupled receptors expressed by s...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90087-6
更新日期:1994-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently available antibodies to the P2X(7) receptor are unreliable determinants of neuronal P2X(7) immunoreactivity, owing to staining of a "P2X(7)-like" protein that is not eliminated by legitimate P2X(7) gene-knockout approaches. Despite this, compelling electrophysiological and pharmacological data strongly suppo...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.03.003
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::As we learn more about the functional expression of nicotinic receptors in specific brain regions such as the hippocampus, intriguing interactions are being uncovered at the cellular and circuit levels. Recent work from John Dani's laboratory provides important insights into how nicotinic receptors can modify hippocam...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02127-5
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progress in migraine research has been rapid in recent years, from both the basic science and the clinical perspectives. A new internationally accepted headache classification with operational diagnostic criteria was published in 1988, eliminating much diagnostic uncertainty. More than a decade of study of regional ce...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(91)90171-p
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The strange and unpleasant sensations (paraesthesiae) or asynchronous motor-unit activation (fasciculation) that result from a period of limb ischaemia are examples of ectopic discharge in peripheral nerves. Ectopic activity also results from demyelination and is associated with serious neurological conditions, such a...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01645-3
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitory interneurons comprise a diverse subpopulation of cells that are critical to circuit function. How distinct inhibitory microcircuits control long-range projections remains poorly understood. A recent study by Lu and colleagues uncovered a unidirectional microcircuit of prefrontal chandelier cells that prefer...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2017.09.005
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is now clear that cytokines traditionally viewed as immune modulators participate in inflammatory responses within the adult nervous system. However, in the developing nervous system hematolymphopoietic cytokines also play a role unrelated to neural-immune interactions. Instead, many of these factors subserve prima...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)01045-4
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has become apparent in recent years that the cytoskeleton and its associated proteins play a major role in secretion. This review summarizes recent findings on the cytoskeleton organization and the molecular topology of its regulatory proteins, as well as the dynamic changes that occur in this organelle during secr...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90079-2
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons are dynamic cells that respond and adapt to stimuli throughout their long postmitotic lives. The structural and functional plasticity of neurons requires the regulated transcription of new gene products, and dysregulation of transcription in either the developing or adult brain impairs cognition. We discuss ho...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2018.02.009
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The mechanisms underlying lesion formation in multiple sclerosis are unknown. The prevailing view is that macrophages are primary mediators of myelin destruction in the relapsing and remitting forms of this disease. However, recent findings have revealed widespread oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the absence of a clear c...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.01.006
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal disease that is characterized by the relentless death of motoneurons. Mutations to Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), though occurring in just 2-3% of individuals with ALS, remain the only proven cause of the disease. These mutations structurally weaken SOD, which indirec...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01981-0
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Priming is the process by which vesicles become available for fusion at nerve terminals and is modulated by numerous proteins and second messengers. One of the prominent members of this diverse family is tomosyn. Tomosyn has been identified as a syntaxin-binding protein; it inhibits vesicle priming, but its mode of ac...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2009.01.004
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A genetic analysis of mammalian neuronal physiology might now be possible due to the development of defective herpes simplex virus vectors, which allow gene transfer directly into mature neurons, in culture or in the adult brain. Genetically altered proteins that play critical roles in neuronal physiology, including t...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(91)90040-2
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ejaculation, although mediated by a spinal ejaculation generator, is subject to descending supraspinal modulation from several brain regions. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin) is involved in ejaculatory control, with its ejaculation-retarding effects likely to be attributable to activation of 5-HT1B and 5-HT2C r...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2006.12.002
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An abundance of experimental literature has established that gonadal steroid hormones are responsible for the sexual differentiation of neural circuitry, mediating a variety of reproductive behaviors and physiological mechanisms. These same hormones regulate the expression of reproductive function in the adult and may...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90186-e
更新日期:1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The use of Drosophila as a suitable system to answer behavioural questions is usually based on the availability of mutant phenotypes. Indeed, the 'single-gene' approach to behaviour was a very illuminating strategy in practical and conceptual terms, and served to prove that the genetic mechanisms sustaining behaviour ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(94)90137-6
更新日期:1994-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) has been linked to demyelination and remyelination. Using zebrafish and mouse models of demyelination and remyelination, Cunha et al. now describe a novel role for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling in supporting remyelination by promoting myeloid cell-...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2020.04.005
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of Alzheimer's disease is inherited in a complex manner involving environmental factors and several genes. One of these genes is Apolipoprotein E where the polymorphic allele (APOE epsilon 4) has been robustly shown to modify risk and the course of Alzheimer's disease. The epsilon 4 allele however, only a...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01912-3
更新日期:2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synapses of the mammalian CNS are asymmetric sites of cell-cell adhesion between nerve cells. They are designed to mediate the rapid and efficient transmission of signals from the presynaptic bouton of one neuron to the postsynaptic plasma membrane of a second neuron. Significant progress has been made in the characte...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02152-5
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Discovery and interventions for neurological disorders have a unique capacity to galvanize public opinion over issues of access, human rights, decision making, and the definition of disease. Here we highlight five cases where beliefs and politics prevailed over evidence and ethics. We examine lessons from them about t...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2014.06.001
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Opium and its derivatives are potent analgesics that also have many other pharmacological effects in the nervous system. These agents and the endogenous opioid peptides exert their effects by interacting with high-affinity receptors. Complementary DNAs encoding the delta, kappa and mu opioid receptors have been isolat...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90194-q
更新日期:1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is a common cause of mortality and morbidity, but the biological bases of the deficits in emotional and cognitive processing remain incompletely understood. Current antidepressant therapies are effective in only some patients and act slowly. Here, we propose an excitatory synapse hypothesis of depression in...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2015.03.003
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The existence of an endogenous cannabinoid system was demonstrated conclusively with the discovery of endogenous brain constituents capable of activating the cannabinoid receptors functionally. These compounds are synthesized by neuronal cells and inactivated through re-uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis by both neurons ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01283-1
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute inflammation plays an important role in host tissue defense against injury and infection, and also subsequent tissue repair. In the central nervous system parenchyma, following many types of insults, the acute inflammatory response to rapid neuronal degeneration or challenge with inflammatory substances differs ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(93)90180-t
更新日期:1993-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hormonal effects are increasingly recognized as important influences on neuronal function and, ultimately, on animal behavior. Such 'higher' behavioral effects are well studied, particularly in relation to sexually dimorphic behaviors. Yet, somewhat surprisingly, a significant proportion of more basic neuroscience res...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/0166-2236(92)90048-d
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::This review focuses on the epileptic human temporal lobe, primarily on recent findings related to changes in hippocampal GABAergic interneuron circuits that have a central role in epileptogenesis. Relying on correlations to animal studies, we provide a functional interpretation of the different changes in perisomatic ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.04.002
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mesolimbic dopaminergic neurons are thought to serve as a final common neural pathway for mediating reinforcement processes. However, several recent findings have challenged the view that mesolimbic dopamine has a crucial role in the maintenance of reinforcement processes, or the subjective rewarding actions of natura...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01447-2
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maladaptive responses to stress and the associated hypersecretion of glucocorticoids cause psychopathologies ranging from hyperemotional states and mood dysfunction to cognitive impairments. Research in both humans and animal models has begun to identify morphological correlates of these functional changes. These incl...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.006
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Active feedback mechanisms in the ears of mammals amplify and tune the auditory response to sound stimuli, allowing these organisms to enjoy both exquisite sensitivity and sharp frequency selectivity. A requisite component of this feedback pathway has recently been identified. Targeted deletion of pres, the gene that ...
journal_title:Trends in neurosciences
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00030-4
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00