Abstract：
:The existence of an endogenous cannabinoid system was demonstrated conclusively with the discovery of endogenous brain constituents capable of activating the cannabinoid receptors functionally. These compounds are synthesized by neuronal cells and inactivated through re-uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis by both neurons and astrocytes. In analogy with the endorphins they can be referred to as endocannabinoids. Apart from the identification of their metabolic pathways, research carried out in the past six years has focused on the possible cellular and molecular targets for the actions of endocannabinoids. These studies have confirmed a similarity between the endocannabinoids and the psychoactive substance in marijuana, delta9(-)-tetrahydrocannabinol, and have suggested a role for endocannabinoids in the modulation of neurotransmitter action and release.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
Di Marzo V,Melck D,Bisogno T,De Petrocellis Ldoi
10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01283-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1998-12-01 00:00:00pages
521-8issue
12eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
S0166-2236(98)01283-1journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Serotonin is an important neuromodulator associated with a wide range of physiological effects in the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms whereby serotonin influences brain development are not well understood, although studies in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms are beginning to unravel a regulator...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2010.05.005
更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When nuclear magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the brain are acquired in rapid succession they exhibit small differences in signal intensity in positions corresponding to focal areas of activation. These signal changes result from small differences in the magnetic resonance signal caused by variations in the oxygena...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(94)90055-8
更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This review focuses on the epileptic human temporal lobe, primarily on recent findings related to changes in hippocampal GABAergic interneuron circuits that have a central role in epileptogenesis. Relying on correlations to animal studies, we provide a functional interpretation of the different changes in perisomatic ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2005.04.002
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The marriage of cognitive neurophysiology and mathematical psychology to understand decision-making has been exceptionally productive. This interdisciplinary area is based on the proposition that particular neurons or circuits instantiate the accumulation of evidence specified by mathematical models of sequential samp...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2019.10.001
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Activation of the complement system has been reported in a variety of inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative processes of the CNS. Recent evidence indicates that complement proteins and receptors are synthesized on or by glial cells and, surprisingly, neurons. Among these proteins are the receptors for the chemot...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01390-3
更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Short-term synaptic plasticity has a key role in information processing in the CNS, whereas memories can be formed through long-lasting changes in synaptic strength. Despite the importance of these phenomena, it remains difficult to determine whether a synaptic modulation is expressed at a presynaptic or postsynaptic ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01520-9
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The brain includes multiple types of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons that together allow us to move, think, feel, and interact with the environment. Inhibitory interneurons (INs) comprise a small, heterogeneous fraction, but they exert a powerful and tight control over neuronal activity and consequent...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2017.05.004
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The term neuropeptide was advanced by de Wied and collaborators in the early seventies. At that time, they defined neuropeptides as endogenous substances synthesized in nerve cells and involved in nervous system functions. Since then, several studies have revealed that the very same 'neuropeptides' are also expressed ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2003.09.003
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS), coupling of neurons by gap junctions (i.e., electrical synapses) and the expression of the neuronal gap junction protein, connexin 36 (Cx36), transiently increase during early postnatal development. The levels of both subsequently decline and remain low in the adult, conf...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.11.001
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transition from short- to long-term memory requires lasting modulations of synaptic connectivity. In a variety of species and learning tasks, enhanced synthesis of glycoprotein cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs), such as neural CAM (NCAM) and Ll, 5-8 h post-training is a necessary step in this process. If the training...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(95)92774-k
更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synaptic transmission and plasticity are shaped by the dynamic reorganization of signaling molecules within pre- and postsynaptic compartments. The nanoscale organization of key effector molecules has been revealed by single-particle trajectory (SPT) methods. Interestingly, this nanoscale organization is highly hetero...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2020.01.005
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In adult rodents, subventricular zone (SVZ) astrocytes (B cells) function as primary progenitors in the generation of new neurons that migrate to the olfactory bulb (OB), where they differentiate into multiple types of interneurons. It has been generally considered that individual adult SVZ stem cells are capable of g...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2008.05.006
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The hormone melatonin was first identified about 30 years ago as a secretory product of the pineal gland. In mammals, the daily rhythm of pineal melatonin synthesis is controlled by neural inputs. The CNS is thought to be a primary target organ involved in mediating the influence of melatonin on a variety of physiolog...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(90)90100-o
更新日期：1990-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuro-immune interactions are not only vital for the control of neurotropic pathogens, but also appear to influence brain development and homeostasis. During immune surveillance, T cells can patrol the CNS-associated border regions to sense pathogenic alterations. While access to the CNS parenchyma is restricted in th...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2019.07.008
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that gradually robs affected individuals of memory, cognitive skills and normal movements. Although research has identified a single faulty gene, the huntingtin gene, as the cause of the disease, a cure remains elusive. Strong evidence indicate...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.004
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a means to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). In most studies, the transplanted cells have been placed within the target site, the striatum, and not within the lesioned site, the substantia nigra, as the adult nigrostriatal pathway was thought t...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2011.01.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aging is characterized by decrements in maximum function and accumulation of mitochondrial DNA mutations, which are best observed in organs such as the brain that contain post-mitotic cells. Oxygen radicals are increasingly considered responsible for part of these aging changes. Comparative studies of animals with dif...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2004.07.005
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maladaptive responses to stress and the associated hypersecretion of glucocorticoids cause psychopathologies ranging from hyperemotional states and mood dysfunction to cognitive impairments. Research in both humans and animal models has begun to identify morphological correlates of these functional changes. These incl...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.006
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent years have seen a flourishing literature on detection of circulating autoantibodies against neurotransmitter receptors in patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. These studies have generated hope for a better understanding of the underlying molecular dysfunctions and for appropriate therapeutic strategies. Ho...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.05.002
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:How does an extracellular guidance molecule direct multiple growth cones to different positions? The answer is important for understanding the development of complex neural connections. UNC-6 is a member of the netrin family of guidance proteins. It has phylogenetically conserved domains that mediate its different gui...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02206-3
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Foraging-associated predation risk is a natural problem all prey must face. Fear evolved due to its protective functions, guiding and shaping behaviors that help animals adapt to various ecological challenges. Despite the breadth of risky situations in nature that demand diversity in fear behaviors, contemporary neuro...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2016.04.001
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Much research effort into synaptic plasticity has been motivated by the idea that modifications of synaptic weights (or strengths or efficacies) underlie learning and memory. Here, we examine the possibility of exploiting the statistics of experimentally measured synaptic weights to deduce information about the learni...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2007.09.005
更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To localize a sound source in space, the auditory system detects minute differences in the arrival time of a sound between the two ears. It has long been assumed that delay lines and coincidence detectors turn these time differences into a labelled line code for source position, but recent studies challenge this view....
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01953-6
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repair of adult 'point-to-point' systems by neural grafting is possible only when grafted neurons succeed in synaptically replacing the host's missing neurons, thus re-establishing the anatomical and functional integrity of the impaired circuits. Grafting experiments carried out on the cerebellum of the adult pcd (Pur...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(91)90161-m
更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The 'thrifty gene hypothesis' posits that evolution preferentially selects physiological mechanisms that optimize energy storage to increase survival under alternating conditions of abundance and scarcity of food. Recent experiments suggest that endocannabinoids - a class of lipid-derived mediators that activate canna...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.006
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A fundamental problem in systems neuroscience is mapping the physical properties of a stimulus to perceptual characteristics. In vision, wavelength translates into color; in audition, frequency translates into pitch. Although odorant concentration is a key feature of olfactory stimuli, we do not know how concentration...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2014.05.005
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Genetic studies have identified several of the genes associated with malformations of cortical development which might disrupt each of the main stages of cell proliferation and specification, neuronal migration and late cortical organization. The largest malformation groups, focal cortical dysplasia, heterotopia and p...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2007.12.004
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) has recently been identified as a crucial player in the regulation of synaptic function. It is restricted to neurons within the CNS and acts by downregulating the activity of MAP kinases, the tyrosine kinase Fyn and NMDA receptors. By modulating these substrates, STEP acts...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.007
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During the past several decades, lac permease has assumed almost tutelary proportions as a model for cotransporters. This archetypical membrane protein now exerts its influence by the most dramatic means possible: its structure is solved. This article describes the configuration and implied transport mechanism of the ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2004.04.007
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anhedonia, or markedly diminished interest or pleasure, is a hallmark symptom of major depression, schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Over the past three decades, the clinical definition of anhedonia has remained relatively unchanged, although cognitive psychology and behavioral neuroscience have expa...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.005
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
