Chandelier Cells Illuminate Inhibitory Control of Prefrontal-Amygdala Outputs.

abstract：:The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a peripheral synapse formed between motoneuron and skeletal muscle, is characterized by a protracted postnatal period of maturation and life-long maintenance. In neuromuscular disorders such as congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), disruptions of NMJ maturation and/or mai...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Shi L,Fu AK,Ip NY

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Benzodiazepines are widely used clinically to treat anxiety and insomnia. They also induce muscle relaxation, control epileptic seizures, and can produce amnesia. Moreover, benzodiazepines are often abused after chronic clinical treatment and also for recreational purposes. Within weeks, tolerance to the pharmacologic...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tan KR,Rudolph U,Lüscher C

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Active feedback mechanisms in the ears of mammals amplify and tune the auditory response to sound stimuli, allowing these organisms to enjoy both exquisite sensitivity and sharp frequency selectivity. A requisite component of this feedback pathway has recently been identified. Targeted deletion of pres, the gene that ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Géléoc GS,Holt JR

更新日期：2003-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To successfully interact with their environments, developing organisms need to correctly process sensory information and generate motor outputs appropriate to their size and structure. Patterned sensory experience has long been known to induce various forms of developmental plasticity that ultimately shape mature neur...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ruthazer ES,Aizenman CD

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the mechanisms regulating the cerebral microcirculation during neural activity have been the subject of inquiry for a century or more, the mediators responsible for the changes in cerebral blood flow still remain to be clearly identified. The discovery that nitric oxide, a powerful cerebrovasodilator, is prod...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Iadecola C

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A general assay for evaluating functional interactions between ligands and G-protein-coupled receptors within minutes has been developed. The system uses the principles employed by animals such as reptiles, amphibians and fish to control their colors. In nature, activation of G-protein-coupled receptors expressed by s...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lerner MR

更新日期：1994-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Much research effort into synaptic plasticity has been motivated by the idea that modifications of synaptic weights (or strengths or efficacies) underlie learning and memory. Here, we examine the possibility of exploiting the statistics of experimentally measured synaptic weights to deduce information about the learni...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barbour B,Brunel N,Hakim V,Nadal JP

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a means to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). In most studies, the transplanted cells have been placed within the target site, the striatum, and not within the lesioned site, the substantia nigra, as the adult nigrostriatal pathway was thought t...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Gaillard A,Jaber M

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The principal ovarian estrogen, estradiol, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) have widespread effects on the CNS that have usually been studied independently. This article examines the similarities in the effects of estradiol and BDNF in the hippocampus, in light of the evidence that estradiol can induce BDN...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Scharfman HE,Maclusky NJ

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mature rodents, whisker-related patterns are known to be present in three levels of the brain: the brainstem trigeminal nuclei, the ventrobasal thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. These patterns have been demonstrated using neuroanatomical tracing techniques, histological and histochemical staining methods and e...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Waite PM,Marotte LR,Leamey CA,Mark RF

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The study of synaptic connections in the electron microscope has established an 'elementary' circuit for the neostriatum which consists of a pathway from cortical areas (neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala) to medium spiny neurones of the striatum that also receive converging synaptic input from midbrain dopamine neurone...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Smith AD,Bolam JP

更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Precisely wired neuronal circuits process sensory information in a learning- and context-dependent manner in order to govern behavior. Simple sensory decision-making tasks in rodents are now beginning to reveal the contributions of distinct cell types and brain regions participating in the conversion of sensory inform...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Crochet S,Lee SH,Petersen CCH

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both theoretical and experimental animal work supports the hypothesis that transient oscillatory synchronization of neuronal assemblies at gamma frequencies (30-100 Hz) is closely associated with sensory processing. Recent data from recordings in animals and humans have suggested that gamma-frequency activity also has...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jensen O,Kaiser J,Lachaux JP

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent results shed new light on how some nervous systems can regenerate after injury while others cannot. Until recently, it was widely believed that the main difference between systems that regenerate and those that do not lies in the normal state of their permissiveness to the regenerating axons. Thus, while nonreg...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sivron T,Schwartz M

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute inflammation plays an important role in host tissue defense against injury and infection, and also subsequent tissue repair. In the central nervous system parenchyma, following many types of insults, the acute inflammatory response to rapid neuronal degeneration or challenge with inflammatory substances differs ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Perry VH,Andersson PB,Gordon S

更新日期：1993-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the complement system has been reported in a variety of inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative processes of the CNS. Recent evidence indicates that complement proteins and receptors are synthesized on or by glial cells and, surprisingly, neurons. Among these proteins are the receptors for the chemot...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Nataf S,Stahel PF,Davoust N,Barnum SR

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep can facilitate memory formation, but its role in cortical plasticity is poorly understood. A recent study found that sleep, following monocular deprivation (MD), facilitated cortical changes in ocular dominance. The magnitude of plasticity was similar to that observed after continued MD, and larger than that see...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hoffman KL,McNaughton BL

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecules are among the most abundant proteins in vertebrate and invertebrate nervous systems. Prominent family members are the neural cell adhesion molecules NCAM and L1, which were the first to be shown to be essential not only in development but also in synaptic function and as k...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sytnyk V,Leshchyns'ka I,Schachner M

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many behavioral responses are completed too quickly for the underlying sensory processes to rely on estimation of neural firing rates over extended time windows. Theoretically, first-spike times could underlie such rapid responses, but direct evidence has been lacking. Such evidence has now been uncovered in the human...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： VanRullen R,Guyonneau R,Thorpe SJ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhythmical brain activity around 5Hz can be observed in the prefrontal cortex under conditions requiring high levels of cognitive control. However, its temporal dynamics are still elusive. A recent research paper (Cooper et al. Neuroimage 2019;189:130-140) provides evidence that the temporal evolution of this frontal-...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Sauseng P,Tschentscher N,Biel AL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapses of the mammalian CNS are asymmetric sites of cell-cell adhesion between nerve cells. They are designed to mediate the rapid and efficient transmission of signals from the presynaptic bouton of one neuron to the postsynaptic plasma membrane of a second neuron. Significant progress has been made in the characte...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Garner CC,Zhai RG,Gundelfinger ED,Ziv NE

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the central nervous system (CNS) the function of retinoic acid, the active metabolite of vitamin A, is best understood from its action in guiding embryonic development; as development comes to completion, retinoic acid signaling declines. However, it is increasingly recognized that this signaling mechanism does not...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Shearer KD,Stoney PN,Morgan PJ,McCaffery PJ

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Parkinson's disease is a common and disabling disorder of movement owing to dopaminergic denervation of the striatum. However, it is still unclear how this denervation perverts normal functioning to cause slowing of voluntary movements. Recent work using tissue slice preparations, animal models and in humans with Park...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Hammond C,Bergman H,Brown P

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Current emphasis on odorant physiochemical features as the basis for perception largely ignores the synthetic and experience-dependent nature of olfaction. Olfaction is synthetic, as mammals have only limited ability to identify elements within even simple odor mixtures. Furthermore, olfaction is experience-bound, as ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Wilson DA,Stevenson RJ

更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The strange and unpleasant sensations (paraesthesiae) or asynchronous motor-unit activation (fasciculation) that result from a period of limb ischaemia are examples of ectopic discharge in peripheral nerves. Ectopic activity also results from demyelination and is associated with serious neurological conditions, such a...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Baker MD

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Serotonin is an important neuromodulator associated with a wide range of physiological effects in the central nervous system. The exact mechanisms whereby serotonin influences brain development are not well understood, although studies in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms are beginning to unravel a regulator...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Daubert EA,Condron BG

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Itch is a distinct sensation arising from the superficial layers of skin and mucous membranes. It is elicited by histamine and probably other endogenous chemicals that excite subpopulations of unmyelinated primary afferents and spinal neurones projecting through the anterolateral quadrant to the brain. The two popular...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McMahon SB,Koltzenburg M

更新日期：1992-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major problems of living in a rich visual environment is deciding which particular object or location should be chosen for complete processing or attention; that is, deciding which object is most salient at any particular time. The pulvinar has enlarged substantially during evolution, although little has pr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Robinson DL,Petersen SE

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABA neurotransmission requires a specialized set of proteins to synthesize, transport or respond to GABA. This article reviews results from a genetic strategy in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans designed to identify the genes responsible for these activities. These studies identified mutations in genes encoding fi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schuske K,Beg AA,Jorgensen EM

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two recent monkey studies demonstrate that feedforward processing in the visual system is reflected by activity in the 40-90Hz gamma band, whereas feedback is reflected by activity in the 5-18Hz alpha and beta band. These findings can be applied to interpret human electrophysiological activity in complex visual tasks....

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jensen O,Bonnefond M,Marshall TR,Tiesinga P

更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00