Remote neuroimmune signaling: a long-range mechanism of nociceptive network plasticity.

abstract：:The orexins (or hypocretins) are neuropeptide transmitters made exclusively in hypothalamic neurons that have extensive CNS projections. Previous studies reported that this system is most strongly associated with feeding, arousal and the maintenance of waking. We review here recent studies that reveal a novel and impo...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Harris GC,Aston-Jones G

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxytocin and vasopressin are regulators of anxiety, stress-coping, and sociality. They are released within hypothalamic and limbic areas from dendrites, axons, and perikarya independently of, or coordinated with, secretion from neurohypophysial terminals. Central oxytocin exerts anxiolytic and antidepressive effects, ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Neumann ID,Landgraf R

更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, learning and memory in invertebrate organisms was believed to be mediated by relatively simple presynaptic mechanisms. By contrast, learning and memory in vertebrate organisms is generally thought to be mediated, at least in part, by postsynaptic mechanisms. But new experimental evidence from research ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Roberts AC,Glanzman DL

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several modes of synaptic vesicle release, retrieval and recycling have been identified. In a well-established mode of exocytosis, termed 'full-collapse fusion', vesicles empty their neurotransmitter content fully into the synaptic cleft by flattening out and becoming part of the presynaptic membrane. The fused vesicl...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Smith SM,Renden R,von Gersdorff H

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABAergic interneurons innervating the perisomatic region of pyramidal cells control population discharge patterns, and thereby all cognitive operations in the cerebral cortex. A striking dichotomy in the function of this interneuron population seems to emerge from the synthesis of recent molecular, anatomical and ele...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Freund TF

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A defining feature of the vertebrate nervous system is the ensheathment of axons by myelin, a multilamellar membrane containing a small group of proteins and an abundance of the galactolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and its sulfated derivative sulfatide. Several in vitro studies have suggested that these galactolipid...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Coetzee T,Suzuki K,Popko B

更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Changes in the actin cytoskeleton are a primary mechanism mediating the morphological and functional plasticity that underlies learning and memory. The synaptic Ras homologous (Rho) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) Kalirin and Trio have emerged as central regulators of actin dynamics at the synapse. The incr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paskus JD,Herring BE,Roche KW

更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High levels of expression of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C (PKC) occur in neuronal tissues and play a strategic role in the modulation of short- and long-term functions (ion channels, receptor desensitization, neurotransmitter release and synaptic efficiency) that become modified during the brain ageing...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Battaini F,Pascale A,Paoletti R,Govoni S

更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When nuclear magnetic resonance images (MRIs) of the brain are acquired in rapid succession they exhibit small differences in signal intensity in positions corresponding to focal areas of activation. These signal changes result from small differences in the magnetic resonance signal caused by variations in the oxygena...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Cohen MS,Bookheimer SY

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fear is an adaptive response to recognition of a potentially dangerous event. Glucocorticoids are essential for maintaining a wide variety of behavioral events by their regulation of numerous genes; one such gene encodes corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH). CRH is involved in diverse behavioral responses to changin...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schulkin J,Morgan MA,Rosen JB

更新日期：2005-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) is built on a foundation of connection, integration, and the exchange of complex information among brain cells. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in the intercellular communication that underlies physiological processes such...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Holm MM,Kaiser J,Schwab ME

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Korsakoff's disease is an amnesic syndrome associated with midline diencephalic and brain stem pathology. A number of neurochemical systems course through or near the loci of brain lesions found postmortem in Korsakoff patients, which has stimulated studies to learn whether these systems are implicated in amnesia. Dat...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McEntee WJ,Mair RG

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain includes multiple types of interconnected excitatory and inhibitory neurons that together allow us to move, think, feel, and interact with the environment. Inhibitory interneurons (INs) comprise a small, heterogeneous fraction, but they exert a powerful and tight control over neuronal activity and consequent...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Rapanelli M,Frick LR,Pittenger C

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hebbian synaptic learning requires co-activation of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. However, under some conditions, information regarding the postsynaptic action potential, carried by backpropagating action potentials, can be strongly degraded before it reaches the distal exhibit Hebbian long-term potentiation (...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mehta MR

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent studies of the iconic fall migration of monarch butterflies have illuminated the mechanisms behind their southward navigation while using a time-compensated sun compass. Skylight cues, such as the sun itself and polarized light, are processed through both eyes and are probably integrated in the brain's central ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reppert SM,Gegear RJ,Merlin C

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The birth of new neurons in the walls of the adult brain lateral ventricles has captured the attention of many neuroscientists for over 2 decades, yielding key insights into the identity and regulation of neural stem cells (NSCs). In the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), NSCs are a specialized form of ast...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lim DA,Alvarez-Buylla A

更新日期：2014-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Information that is congruent with existing knowledge (a schema) is usually better remembered than less congruent information. Only recently, however, has the role of schemas in memory been studied from a systems neuroscience perspective. Moreover, incongruent (novel) information is also sometimes better remembered. H...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： van Kesteren MT,Ruiter DJ,Fernández G,Henson RN

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Short-term synaptic plasticity has a key role in information processing in the CNS, whereas memories can be formed through long-lasting changes in synaptic strength. Despite the importance of these phenomena, it remains difficult to determine whether a synaptic modulation is expressed at a presynaptic or postsynaptic ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Clements JD,Silver RA

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Systematic genetic screens have been powerful tools in identifying genes responsible for axon guidance in fruitflies and nematodes. This approach has now been extended to the study of axon guidance and the formation of topographic neuronal connections in the vertebrate brain. A systematic genetic screen was used to id...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Karlstrom RO,Trowe T,Bonhoeffer F

更新日期：1997-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most neurons are generated during development and are not replaced during adulthood, even if they are lost to injury or disease. However, it is firmly established that new neurons are generated in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of almost all adult mammals, including humans. Nevertheless, many questions remain re...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Inta D,Cameron HA,Gass P

更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The construction of artificial walking machines has been a challenging task for engineers for several centuries. Advances in computer technology have stimulated this research in the past two decades, and enormous progress has been made, particularly in recent years. Nevertheless, in comparing the walk of a six-legged ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Cruse H

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the classical picture of brain function, electrical impulses are initiated in sensory organs and spread rapidly down axons, jumping synaptic clefts by neurochemical transmission. Patterns of electrical activity generated in this way integrate information throughout the brain and result in coordinated motor output. ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kennedy MB

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The myelinated axon provides a model in which it is possible to examine how various types of ion channels are incorporated into a membrane to form an excitable neuronal process. The available evidence now indicates that mammalian myelinated fibers contain a repertoire of physiologically active membrane molecules inclu...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Black JA,Kocsis JD,Waxman SG

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a common problem for older adults, leading to communication difficulties, isolation, and cognitive decline. Recently, hearing loss has been identified as potentially the most modifiable risk factor for dementia. Listening in challenging situations, or when the auditory system is dama...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Slade K,Plack CJ,Nuttall HE

更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that gradually robs affected individuals of memory, cognitive skills and normal movements. Although research has identified a single faulty gene, the huntingtin gene, as the cause of the disease, a cure remains elusive. Strong evidence indicate...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Bossy-Wetzel E,Petrilli A,Knott AB

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The limitation of immune responsiveness in the mammalian CNS has been attributed to the intricate nature of neuronal networks, which would appear to be more susceptible than other tissues to the threat of permanent disorganization when exposed to massive inflammation. This line of logic led to the conclusion that all ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Schwartz M,Moalem G,Leibowitz-Amit R,Cohen IR

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synapses of the mammalian CNS are asymmetric sites of cell-cell adhesion between nerve cells. They are designed to mediate the rapid and efficient transmission of signals from the presynaptic bouton of one neuron to the postsynaptic plasma membrane of a second neuron. Significant progress has been made in the characte...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Garner CC,Zhai RG,Gundelfinger ED,Ziv NE

更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hippocampus is thought to automatically encode all experience, yet the vast majority of our experiences are not remembered later. Although psychological theories have postulated the existence of decay processes for declarative memory, the corresponding neurobiological mechanisms are unknown. Here we develop the hy...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frankland PW,Köhler S,Josselyn SA

更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is an intermediate filament (IF) III protein uniquely found in astrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS), non-myelinating Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS), and enteric glial cells. GFAP mRNA expression is regulated by several nuclear-receptor hormones, gr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Yang Z,Wang KK

更新日期：2015-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic microinflammation is a hallmark of many aging-related neurodegenerative diseases as well as metabolic syndrome-driven diseases. Recent research indicates that chronic caloric excess can lead to hypothalamic microinflammation, which in turn participates in the development and progression of metabolic syndrome d...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tang Y,Purkayastha S,Cai D

更新日期：2015-01-01 00:00:00