Extracellular Vesicles: Multimodal Envoys in Neural Maintenance and Repair.

abstract：:To successfully interact with their environments, developing organisms need to correctly process sensory information and generate motor outputs appropriate to their size and structure. Patterned sensory experience has long been known to induce various forms of developmental plasticity that ultimately shape mature neur...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Ruthazer ES,Aizenman CD

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The majority of Alzheimer's disease is inherited in a complex manner involving environmental factors and several genes. One of these genes is Apolipoprotein E where the polymorphic allele (APOE epsilon 4) has been robustly shown to modify risk and the course of Alzheimer's disease. The epsilon 4 allele however, only a...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Lendon C,Craddock N

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synaptic transmission and plasticity are shaped by the dynamic reorganization of signaling molecules within pre- and postsynaptic compartments. The nanoscale organization of key effector molecules has been revealed by single-particle trajectory (SPT) methods. Interestingly, this nanoscale organization is highly hetero...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Heine M,Holcman D

更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:As a neurodevelopmental disorder with serious lifelong consequences, autism has received considerable attention from neuroscientists and geneticists. We present a hypothesis of mechanisms plausibly affected during brain development in autism, based on neural pathways that are associated with social behavior and connec...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Pfaff D,Barbas H

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recognition of foreign or misplaced nucleic acids is one of the principal modes by which the immune system detects pathogenic entities. When cytosolic DNA is sensed, a signal is relayed via the cGAS-STING pathway: this involves the activation of cyclic GMP-AMP (cGMP-AMP) synthase (cGAS) and generation of the cyclic di...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Paul BD,Snyder SH,Bohr VA

更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Korsakoff's disease is an amnesic syndrome associated with midline diencephalic and brain stem pathology. A number of neurochemical systems course through or near the loci of brain lesions found postmortem in Korsakoff patients, which has stimulated studies to learn whether these systems are implicated in amnesia. Dat...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McEntee WJ,Mair RG

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current dominant model of binaural sound localization proposes that the lateral position of a sound source is determined by the position of maximal activation within an array of binaural coincidence-detector neurons that are tuned to different interaural time differences (ITDs). The tuning of a neuron for an ITD i...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： McAlpine D,Grothe B

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Both theoretical and experimental animal work supports the hypothesis that transient oscillatory synchronization of neuronal assemblies at gamma frequencies (30-100 Hz) is closely associated with sensory processing. Recent data from recordings in animals and humans have suggested that gamma-frequency activity also has...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Jensen O,Kaiser J,Lachaux JP

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the major problems of living in a rich visual environment is deciding which particular object or location should be chosen for complete processing or attention; that is, deciding which object is most salient at any particular time. The pulvinar has enlarged substantially during evolution, although little has pr...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Robinson DL,Petersen SE

更新日期：1992-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diverse human disorders, including the majority of neurodegenerative diseases, are thought to arise from the misfolding and aggregation of protein. We have recently described a novel technology to amplify cyclically misfolded proteins in vitro. This procedure, named protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), is c...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Soto C,Saborio GP,Anderes L

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is well established that some excitatory nerve terminals have high concentrations of Zn(2+) in their synaptic vesicles. For some time, it has been believed that synaptic Zn(2+) is released during neurotransmission and acts as a neuromodulator. Fluorescent Zn(2+) indicators that do not penetrate membranes offer the ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kay AR

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The human brain can be stimulated by a single intense magnetic pulse over the scalp. Currents induced within the cranium excite the motor cortex and cause limb muscles to contract. The discharge of single motor units, the firing of which is maintained by voluntary effort, can be modulated by magnetic stimuli. Peri-sti...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mills KR

更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ), a peripheral synapse formed between motoneuron and skeletal muscle, is characterized by a protracted postnatal period of maturation and life-long maintenance. In neuromuscular disorders such as congenital myasthenic syndromes (CMSs), disruptions of NMJ maturation and/or mai...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Shi L,Fu AK,Ip NY

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Modern neuroscientific techniques that specifically manipulate and measure neuronal activity in behaving animals now allow bridging of the gap from the cellular to the behavioral level. However, in doing so, they also pose new challenges. Research using incompletely defined manipulations in a high-dimensional space wi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Braganza O,Beck H

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Life span is determined by both environmental and genetic influences. The importance of genes is illustrated by the fact that single gene mutations extend life span in nematodes, fruit flies and mice. Recent reports reveal that the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans is controlled by insulin-like signals from the nerv...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Wolkow CA

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hebbian synaptic learning requires co-activation of presynaptic and postsynaptic neurons. However, under some conditions, information regarding the postsynaptic action potential, carried by backpropagating action potentials, can be strongly degraded before it reaches the distal exhibit Hebbian long-term potentiation (...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Mehta MR

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Adaptation to the ever-changing world is critical for survival, and our brains are particularly tuned to remember events that differ from previous experiences. Novel experiences induce dopamine release in the hippocampus, a process which promotes memory persistence. While axons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) we...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Duszkiewicz AJ,McNamara CG,Takeuchi T,Genzel L

更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The transition from short- to long-term memory requires lasting modulations of synaptic connectivity. In a variety of species and learning tasks, enhanced synthesis of glycoprotein cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs), such as neural CAM (NCAM) and Ll, 5-8 h post-training is a necessary step in this process. If the training...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Rose SP

更新日期：1995-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In mature rodents, whisker-related patterns are known to be present in three levels of the brain: the brainstem trigeminal nuclei, the ventrobasal thalamus and the somatosensory cortex. These patterns have been demonstrated using neuroanatomical tracing techniques, histological and histochemical staining methods and e...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Waite PM,Marotte LR,Leamey CA,Mark RF

更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Communicative, predatory, and reproductive behaviors rely on the auditory thalamocortical system, a key nexus that combines, transforms, and distributes virtually all acoustic information relevant to survival. The rules of connectivity for this complex network, both anatomically and functionally, are only beginning to...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Winer JA,Miller LM,Lee CC,Schreiner CE

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since early anatomical descriptions, the existence of dendritic spines has stimulated intense curiosity and speculation about their regulation and function. Research over the past three decades has described an impressive mutability in dendritic-spine number and morphology under a variety of physiological circumstance...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Halpain S

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The 'thrifty gene hypothesis' posits that evolution preferentially selects physiological mechanisms that optimize energy storage to increase survival under alternating conditions of abundance and scarcity of food. Recent experiments suggest that endocannabinoids - a class of lipid-derived mediators that activate canna...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： DiPatrizio NV,Piomelli D

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many behavioral responses are completed too quickly for the underlying sensory processes to rely on estimation of neural firing rates over extended time windows. Theoretically, first-spike times could underlie such rapid responses, but direct evidence has been lacking. Such evidence has now been uncovered in the human...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： VanRullen R,Guyonneau R,Thorpe SJ

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sleep is widely believed to play an essential role in synaptic plasticity. However, the precise mechanisms governing this presumptive function are largely unknown. There is also evidence for independent circadian oscillations in synaptic strength and morphology. Therefore, synaptic changes observed after sleep reflect...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Frank MG,Cantera R

更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Elucidation of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying neoplasia is one of the great success stories of modern science, but this success has not been associated with parallel improvements in the treatment of malignant tumors. One possible explanation for this failure is that the most important variables that supp...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Noble M,Dietrich J

更新日期：2004-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:How should evolution and development build the brain to be capable of flexible and generative cognition? I wish to put forth a 'power-of-two'-based wiring logic that provides the basic computational principle in organizing the microarchitecture of cell assemblies that would readily enable knowledge and adaptive behavi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Tsien JZ

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Opium and its derivatives are potent analgesics that also have many other pharmacological effects in the nervous system. These agents and the endogenous opioid peptides exert their effects by interacting with high-affinity receptors. Complementary DNAs encoding the delta, kappa and mu opioid receptors have been isolat...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Reisine T,Bell GI

更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the classical picture of brain function, electrical impulses are initiated in sensory organs and spread rapidly down axons, jumping synaptic clefts by neurochemical transmission. Patterns of electrical activity generated in this way integrate information throughout the brain and result in coordinated motor output. ...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Kennedy MB

更新日期：1989-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Central processing of olfactory information has been analyzed in the mushroom body of Drosophila by Ca(2+) imaging, extending such analysis of odor coding to the second relay of the olfactory system. Different odors, and different concentrations of a particular odor, yield distinct spatial patterns of activity. Mutati...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Carlson JR

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients suffering from severe depression often show an increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) system, a premature escape from the cortisol suppressant action of dexamethasone, and a number of other neuroendocrine changes. This might be explained by defective glucocorticoid feedback inhi...

journal_title：Trends in neurosciences

authors： Barden N,Reul JM,Holsboer F

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00