Abstract：
:As a neurodevelopmental disorder with serious lifelong consequences, autism has received considerable attention from neuroscientists and geneticists. We present a hypothesis of mechanisms plausibly affected during brain development in autism, based on neural pathways that are associated with social behavior and connect the prefrontal cortex (PFC) to the basal ganglia (BG). We consider failure of social approach in autism as a special case of imbalance in the fundamental dichotomy between behavioral approach and avoidance. Differential combinations of genes mutated, differences in the timing of their impact during development, and graded degrees of hormonal influences may help explain the heterogeneity in symptomatology in autism and predominance in boys.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
Pfaff D,Barbas Hdoi
10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.002subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-07-01 00:00:00pages
448-457issue
7eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
S0166-2236(19)30061-Xjournal_volume
42pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:In 1983 Libet et al. demonstrated that brain activity associated with a voluntary act precedes conscious experience of the intention to act by several hundred milliseconds. The implication that it is the brain, rather than 'free will', that initiates voluntary acts has been discussed ever since by philosophers and law...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 评论,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.04.009
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent opinion surveys suggest that the majority of the public is willing to accept the use of animals in research if high standards of welfare and effective regulation are in place. The public appears unaware that such standards have existed for some time. The scientific community should now re-focus its communicatio...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02035-x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An abundance of experimental literature has established that gonadal steroid hormones are responsible for the sexual differentiation of neural circuitry, mediating a variety of reproductive behaviors and physiological mechanisms. These same hormones regulate the expression of reproductive function in the adult and may...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(90)90186-e
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A growing body of work is investigating the safety and efficacy of light in Parkinson's disease (PD). Here we discuss the potential of this emerging therapy to improve both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. We also highlight directions for future basic, translational, and clinical research that are critical for the ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.002
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Resolvins, including D and E series resolvins, are endogenous lipid mediators generated during the resolution phase of acute inflammation from the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Resolvins have potent anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution actions in severa...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2011.08.005
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although signs of empathy have now been well documented in non-human primates, only during the past few years have systematic observations suggested that a primal form of empathy exists in rodents. Thus, the study of empathy in animals has started in earnest. Here we review recent studies indicating that rodents are a...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2013.04.009
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The study of synaptic connections in the electron microscope has established an 'elementary' circuit for the neostriatum which consists of a pathway from cortical areas (neocortex, hippocampus, amygdala) to medium spiny neurones of the striatum that also receive converging synaptic input from midbrain dopamine neurone...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(90)90106-k
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Complement proteins are ancient components of innate immunity that have emerged as crucial regulators of neural networks. We discuss these roles in the context of the CNS development, acute CNS viral infections, and post-infectious and noninfectious CNS disorders, with an emphasis on microglia-mediated loss of synapse...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2020.10.003
更新日期：2021-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiology of the central nervous system (CNS) is built on a foundation of connection, integration, and the exchange of complex information among brain cells. Emerging evidence indicates that extracellular vesicles (EVs) are key players in the intercellular communication that underlies physiological processes such...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.006
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The majority of Alzheimer's disease is inherited in a complex manner involving environmental factors and several genes. One of these genes is Apolipoprotein E where the polymorphic allele (APOE epsilon 4) has been robustly shown to modify risk and the course of Alzheimer's disease. The epsilon 4 allele however, only a...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01912-3
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motoneurones are known to die (1) during embryonic development (naturally occurring cell death), (2) early in postnatal development after axonal injury, and (3) as a consequence of disease, such as spinal muscular atrophy or (in later life) amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Naturally occurring motoneurone death has been ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(92)90014-y
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adaptation to the ever-changing world is critical for survival, and our brains are particularly tuned to remember events that differ from previous experiences. Novel experiences induce dopamine release in the hippocampus, a process which promotes memory persistence. While axons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) we...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.10.002
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuroethics, a recently modernized field at the intersection of bioethics and neuroscience, is founded on centuries of discussion of the ethical issues associated with mind and behavior. Broadly defined, neuroethics is concerned with ethical, legal and social policy implications of neuroscience, and with aspects of ne...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2006.07.002
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glia are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian nervous system and they have vital roles in neural development, function and health. However our understanding of the biology of glia is in its infancy. How do glia develop and interact with neurons? How diverse are glial populations? What are the primary functions...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2005.12.002
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Maladaptive responses to stress and the associated hypersecretion of glucocorticoids cause psychopathologies ranging from hyperemotional states and mood dysfunction to cognitive impairments. Research in both humans and animal models has begun to identify morphological correlates of these functional changes. These incl...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.006
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neurodegenerative tauopathies are marked by their common pathologic feature of aggregates formed of hyperphosphorylated tau protein, which are associated with synapse and neuronal loss. Changes in tau conformation result in both loss of normal function and gain of fibrillogenicity that leads to aggregation. Here, we d...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2008.11.007
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Central processing of olfactory information has been analyzed in the mushroom body of Drosophila by Ca(2+) imaging, extending such analysis of odor coding to the second relay of the olfactory system. Different odors, and different concentrations of a particular odor, yield distinct spatial patterns of activity. Mutati...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01895-6
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite extensive information on many aspects of peptide neurobiology, the links between the behavioral effects of neuropeptides and their actions at the cellular and molecular levels are not fully understood. A pair of insect neuropeptides, the cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta,...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(91)90126-f
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Modern neuroscientific techniques that specifically manipulate and measure neuronal activity in behaving animals now allow bridging of the gap from the cellular to the behavioral level. However, in doing so, they also pose new challenges. Research using incompletely defined manipulations in a high-dimensional space wi...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.01.002
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The proportional relation between circulating vasopressin concentration and plasma osmolality is fundamental for body fluid homeostasis. Although changes in the sensitivity of this relation are associated with pathophysiological conditions, central mechanisms modulating osmoregulatory gain are unknown. Here, we review...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2009.11.004
更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Changes in the actin cytoskeleton are a primary mechanism mediating the morphological and functional plasticity that underlies learning and memory. The synaptic Ras homologous (Rho) guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) Kalirin and Trio have emerged as central regulators of actin dynamics at the synapse. The incr...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2020.05.002
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The precise modulation of regional cerebral blood flow during neural activation is important for matching local energetic demand and supply and clearing brain metabolites. Here we discuss advances facilitated by high-resolution optical in vivo imaging techniques that for the first time have provided direct visualizati...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.009
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:P2X receptors are cation-selective ion channels that open on binding to extracellular ATP; they play a role in fast synaptic transmission between neurones, and from autonomic nerves to smooth muscles. Isolation of cDNAs that encode P2X receptors in the smooth muscle of vas deferens and in phaeochromocytoma cells indic...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(95)93907-f
更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in gene discovery for neurodevelopmental disorders have identified SCN2A dysfunction as a leading cause of infantile seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. SCN2A encodes the neuronal sodium channel NaV1.2. Functional assays demonstrate strong correlation between genotype and phenotyp...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.011
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Axon interruption elicits a complex neuronal response that leaves neurons poised precariously between death and regeneration. The signals underlying this dichotomy are not fully understood. The transcription factor c-Jun is one of the earliest and most consistent markers for neurons that respond to nerve-fiber transec...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(96)01000-4
更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A key problem in developmental neurobiology is how axons home in on their correct target tissue and establish the correct synaptic contacts. Recent work shows that in the developing Drosophila visual system a population of distinct lamina glial cells ensures correct target layer selection of retinal axons. In the abse...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01861-0
更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The existence of an endogenous cannabinoid system was demonstrated conclusively with the discovery of endogenous brain constituents capable of activating the cannabinoid receptors functionally. These compounds are synthesized by neuronal cells and inactivated through re-uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis by both neurons ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01283-1
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Women experience many pain conditions more frequently when compared with men, but the biological mechanisms underlying sex differences in pain remain poorly understood. In particular, little is known about possible sex differences in peripheral nociceptors, the fundamental building blocks of pain transmission. Emergin...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2020.06.003
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Huntington's disease is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder, the cause of which is unknown. Excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are all likely to contribute to the striatal cell death that occurs in this disorder. There are accumulating data indicating that under specific circumstances, ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01568-x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Stress is a major trigger of seizures in people with epilepsy. Exposure to stress results in the release of several stress mediators throughout the brain, including the hippocampus, a region sensitive to stress and prone to seizures. Stress mediators interact with their respective receptors to produce distinct effects...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2017.08.004
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
