Abstract：
:Intensive mapping of the essential cerebellar brain circuits for Pavlovian eyeblink conditioning appeared relatively complete by 2000, but new data indicate the need for additional differentiation of cerebellar regions and mechanisms coding delay and trace conditioning. This is especially important, as trace conditioning is an experimentally tractable model of declarative learning. The temporal gap in trace eyeblink conditioning may be bridged by forebrain regions through pontine-cerebellar nuclear connections that can bypass cerebellar cortex, whereas a cerebellar cortical long-term-depression-like process appears to be required to support normal delay conditioning. Experiments focusing on the role of cerebellar cortex and deep nuclei in delay versus trace conditioning add perspective on brain substrates of these seemingly similar paradigms, which differ only by a brief stimulus-free time gap between conditioned and unconditioned stimuli. This temporal gap appears to impose forebrain dependencies and differentially engage different cerebellar circuitry during acquisition of conditioned responses.
journal_name
Trends Neuroscijournal_title
Trends in neurosciencesauthors
Woodruff-Pak DS,Disterhoft JFdoi
10.1016/j.tins.2007.11.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-02-01 00:00:00pages
105-12issue
2eissn
0166-2236issn
1878-108Xpii
S0166-2236(07)00301-3journal_volume
31pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Currently available antibodies to the P2X(7) receptor are unreliable determinants of neuronal P2X(7) immunoreactivity, owing to staining of a "P2X(7)-like" protein that is not eliminated by legitimate P2X(7) gene-knockout approaches. Despite this, compelling electrophysiological and pharmacological data strongly suppo...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2006.03.003
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dendrites of pyramidal neurons are complex, electrically active structures that can produce local and global Ca(2+) compartments. Recent studies indicate that dendrites of cortical GABAergic interneurons are also highly specialized, and that different subtypes vary in their morphology, in their intrinsic and synaptic ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2005.01.005
更新日期：2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The existence of an endogenous cannabinoid system was demonstrated conclusively with the discovery of endogenous brain constituents capable of activating the cannabinoid receptors functionally. These compounds are synthesized by neuronal cells and inactivated through re-uptake and enzymatic hydrolysis by both neurons ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(98)01283-1
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cell replacement therapy has been proposed as a means to replace lost dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD). In most studies, the transplanted cells have been placed within the target site, the striatum, and not within the lesioned site, the substantia nigra, as the adult nigrostriatal pathway was thought t...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2011.01.003
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels are one of the main routes for the entry of Ca2+ into excitable cells. These channels are unique in cell-signalling terms in that they can transduce an electrical signal (membrane depolarization) via Ca2+ entry into a chemical signal, by virtue of the diverse range of intracellular Ca(2...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(96)81865-0
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:As a neurodevelopmental disorder with serious lifelong consequences, autism has received considerable attention from neuroscientists and geneticists. We present a hypothesis of mechanisms plausibly affected during brain development in autism, based on neural pathways that are associated with social behavior and connec...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2019.05.002
更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sensory dendrites fall into many different morphological and functional classes. Polymodal nociceptors are one subclass of sensory neurons, which are of particular note owing to their elaborate dendritic arbors. Complex developmental programs are required to form these arbors and there is striking conservation of morp...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2011.07.004
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal, inherited neurodegenerative disorder that gradually robs affected individuals of memory, cognitive skills and normal movements. Although research has identified a single faulty gene, the huntingtin gene, as the cause of the disease, a cure remains elusive. Strong evidence indicate...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2008.09.004
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glucose has long been considered the substrate for neuronal energy metabolism in the brain. Recently, an alternative explanation of energy metabolism in the active brain, the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle hypothesis, has received attention. It suggests that during neural activity energy needs in glia are met by ana...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01920-2
更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tissue injury can initiate bidirectional signaling between neurons, glia, and immune cells that creates and amplifies pain. While the ability for neurotransmitters, neuropeptides, and cytokines to initiate and maintain pain has been extensively studied, recent work has identified a key role for reactive oxygen and nit...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2016.10.003
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Life span is determined by both environmental and genetic influences. The importance of genes is illustrated by the fact that single gene mutations extend life span in nematodes, fruit flies and mice. Recent reports reveal that the life span of Caenorhabditis elegans is controlled by insulin-like signals from the nerv...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02133-1
更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite its highly diffusible nature, the gaseous signalling molecule nitric oxide (NO) can exert specific effects within the CNS and PNS. To date, the specificity of the actions of NO remains an unsolved puzzle. There are several plausible mechanisms that might account for this specificity in the context of autonomic...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02261-0
更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Integrins comprise a large family of heterodimeric proteins that mediate cell-cell and cell-extracellular-matrix adhesive connections. There is an extensive literature on their importance in neural development and cancer, but evidence for the existence of integrins in the adult CNS has emerged only recently. With grow...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(96)89623-8
更新日期：1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Current emphasis on odorant physiochemical features as the basis for perception largely ignores the synthetic and experience-dependent nature of olfaction. Olfaction is synthetic, as mammals have only limited ability to identify elements within even simple odor mixtures. Furthermore, olfaction is experience-bound, as ...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/S0166-2236(03)00076-6
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A defining feature of the vertebrate nervous system is the ensheathment of axons by myelin, a multilamellar membrane containing a small group of proteins and an abundance of the galactolipid galactocerebroside (GalC) and its sulfated derivative sulfatide. Several in vitro studies have suggested that these galactolipid...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(97)01178-8
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The two GluN3 subunits were the last NMDA receptor subunits to be cloned some 15 years ago. Strikingly, despite the steadily growing interest in their function, their physiological role remains elusive. The original billing as dominant-negative modulators of classical NMDA receptors composed of GluN1 and GluN2 subunit...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2011.11.010
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Despite extensive information on many aspects of peptide neurobiology, the links between the behavioral effects of neuropeptides and their actions at the cellular and molecular levels are not fully understood. A pair of insect neuropeptides, the cardioacceleratory peptides (CAPs) of the tobacco hawkmoth Manduca sexta,...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(91)90126-f
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The human brain can be stimulated by a single intense magnetic pulse over the scalp. Currents induced within the cranium excite the motor cortex and cause limb muscles to contract. The discharge of single motor units, the firing of which is maintained by voluntary effort, can be modulated by magnetic stimuli. Peri-sti...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(91)90029-t
更新日期：1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A century after the discovery of acetylcholine (ACh), we recognize both ACh receptors, transporters, and synthesizing and degrading enzymes and regulators of their expression as contributors to cognition, metabolism, and immunity. Recent discoveries indicate that pre- and post-transcriptional ACh signaling controllers...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2015.05.007
更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent opinion surveys suggest that the majority of the public is willing to accept the use of animals in research if high standards of welfare and effective regulation are in place. The public appears unaware that such standards have existed for some time. The scientific community should now re-focus its communicatio...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)02035-x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During prenatal brain development, ion channels are ubiquitous across several cell types, including progenitor cells and migrating neurons but their function has not been clear. In the past, ion channel dysfunction has been primarily studied in the context of postnatal, differentiated neurons that fire action potentia...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2019.12.004
更新日期：2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glia are the most abundant cell type in the mammalian nervous system and they have vital roles in neural development, function and health. However our understanding of the biology of glia is in its infancy. How do glia develop and interact with neurons? How diverse are glial populations? What are the primary functions...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2005.12.002
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subunit switching of ligand-gated receptors is a potentially important mechanism through which synaptic plasticity can be achieved in the nervous system. Although established in an activity-dependent manner for neurotransmission that is mediated by excitatory amino acids, there is much less direct evidence for a r...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(99)01540-4
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Advances in gene discovery for neurodevelopmental disorders have identified SCN2A dysfunction as a leading cause of infantile seizures, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. SCN2A encodes the neuronal sodium channel NaV1.2. Functional assays demonstrate strong correlation between genotype and phenotyp...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2018.03.011
更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The fast-acting ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) constitute a group that encompasses nicotinic ACh, 5-HT3, GABAA and glycine receptors. Undoubtedly, they all share a common evolutionary ancestor, and the group can therefore be considered to be a gene superfamily. Because the members of the superfamily are all recepto...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0166-2236(95)93887-4
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hodgkin and Huxley (H-H) model for action potential generation has held firm for half a century because this relatively simple and experimentally testable model embodies the major features of membrane nonlinearity: namely, voltage-dependent ionic currents that activate and inactivate in time. However, experimental and...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(02)02278-6
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Serotonin (5-HT) 5-HT(3) receptors are ligand-gated ion channels, which are generally thought to be involved in the presynaptic modulation of neurotransmitter release. However, analysis of published data reveals that most of the evidence for the alleged presynaptic role of 5-HT(3) receptors in modulating CNS neurotran...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/s0166-2236(00)01662-3
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many behavioral responses are completed too quickly for the underlying sensory processes to rely on estimation of neural firing rates over extended time windows. Theoretically, first-spike times could underlie such rapid responses, but direct evidence has been lacking. Such evidence has now been uncovered in the human...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2004.10.010
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Striatal enriched tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) has recently been identified as a crucial player in the regulation of synaptic function. It is restricted to neurons within the CNS and acts by downregulating the activity of MAP kinases, the tyrosine kinase Fyn and NMDA receptors. By modulating these substrates, STEP acts...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2006.06.007
更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chronic pain is sustained by central neuronal sensitization, with many similar characteristics irrespective of the type of injury incurred. Nevertheless, pain arising from nerve injury (neuropathic pain) is resistant to centrally acting analgesics, whereas inflammatory pain responds well. New research indicates that t...
journal_title：Trends in neurosciences
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.tins.2004.03.014
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
