Abstract：
:The successful genetic manipulation of Clostridium acetobutylicum for the increased production of solvents will depend on an understanding of gene structure and regulation in the bacterium. The glutamine synthetase (glnA) gene is regulated by antisense RNA, transcribed from a downstream promoter, in the opposite direction to the glnA gene. An open reading frame (ORF) was detected downstream of the glnA gene, which has sequence homology to response regulators with anti-termination activity and may be involved in sensing nitrogen conditions. The expression of the linked beta-hbd, adh1 and fixB genes was investigated throughout the bacterial growth cycle by RNA hybridisation techniques. The adh1 gene was independently expressed as a 2.4-kb transcript which peaked at 12 h, immediately prior to the solventogenic phase. The beta-hbd and fixB genes were transcribed throughout the acidogenic and solventogenic phases. A regulator gene, regA, which complements a Bacillus subtilis ccpA mutant, has been identified and sequenced from C. acetobutylicum P262. The regA gene repressed the degradation of starch by an uncharacterised C. acetobutylicum gene, and may therefore play a role in the utilisation of carbohydrate substrates in this organism.
journal_name
FEMS Microbiol Revjournal_title
FEMS microbiology reviewsauthors
Woods DR,Reid SJdoi
10.1111/j.1574-6976.1995.tb00213.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1995-10-01 00:00:00pages
299-306issue
3eissn
0168-6445issn
1574-6976pii
0168-6445(95)00014-4journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Five species of parasite cause malaria in humans with the most severe disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Many of the proteins encoded in the P. falciparum genome are unusually enriched in repetitive low-complexity sequences containing a limited repertoire of amino acids. These repetitive sequences expand and con...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fux046
更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Toxin-antitoxin systems (TAs) are ubiquitous among bacteria and play a crucial role in the dissemination and evolution of antibiotic resistance, such as maintaining multi-resistant plasmids and inducing persistence formation. Generally, activities of the toxins are neutralised by their conjugate antitoxins. In contras...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fux006
更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dysfunction of phagocytes is a relevant risk factor for staphylococcal infection. The most common hereditary phagocyte dysfunction is chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), characterized by impaired generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to loss of function mutations within the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. Pha...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuw042
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Magnetotactic bacteria (MB) are remarkable organisms with the ability to exploit the earth's magnetic field for navigational purposes. To do this, they build specialized compartments called magnetosomes that consist of a lipid membrane and a crystalline magnetic mineral. These organisms have the potential to serve as ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00315.x
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The wealth of information existing on the general principle of S-layers has revealed a broad application potential. The most relevant features exploited in applied S-layer research are: (i) pores passing through S-layers show identical size and morphology and are in the range of ultrafiltration membranes; (ii) functio...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00306.x
更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 was first implicated in human disease in the early 1980s, with ruminants cited as the primary reservoirs. Preliminary studies indicated cattle to be the sole source of E. coli O157:H7 outbreaks in humans; however, further epidemiological studies soon demonstrated that E. col...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00138.x
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the present review, we aim to provide a general introduction to different facets of the arms race between pathogens and their hosts/environment, emphasizing its evolutionary aspects. We focus on vector-borne parasitic protozoa, which have to adapt to both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Using Leishmania, Trypano...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuw018
更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since the 1960s, several new attempts have been made to improve the management of single prokaryotic cells using micromanipulator techniques. In order to facilitate the isolation of pure cultures we have recently developed an improved micromanipulation method for routine work. With the aid of this method single prokar...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2000.tb00558.x
更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Antibiotic resistance is one of the few examples of evolution that can be addressed experimentally. The present review analyses this resistance, focusing on the networks that regulate its acquisition and its effect on bacterial physiology. It is widely accepted that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes play fun...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00142.x
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Repeated sequences are commonly present in the sites for DNA replication initiation in bacterial, archaeal, and eukaryotic replicons. Those motifs are usually the binding places for replication initiation proteins or replication regulatory factors. In prokaryotic replication origins, the most abundant repeated sequenc...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2011.00300.x
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A number of peptidases and proteases have been identified in Escherichia coli. Although their specific physiological roles are often not known, some of them have been shown to be involved in: the maturation of nascent polypeptide chains; the maturation of protein precursors; the signal peptide processing of exported p...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/0168-6445(89)90035-1
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Respiratory syncytial virus is the major respiratory pathogen of infants and children worldwide, with no effective treatment or vaccine available. Steady progress has been made in understanding the respiratory syncytial virus life cycle and the consequences of infection, but many areas of respiratory syncytial virus b...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2006.00025.x
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Bacteria of the genus Brucella are Gram-negative pathogens of several animal species that cause a zoonotic disease in humans known as brucellosis or Malta fever. Within their hosts, brucellae reside within different cell types where they establish a replicative niche and remain protected from the immune response. The ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00334.x
更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica usually contain a mutation in gyrA within the region encoding the quinolone resistance determining region of the A subunit of DNA gyrase. These mutations confer substitutions analogous to Escherichia coli Ser83-->Phe and Asp87-->Gly or Tyr, or a novel mutation resulting in Ala11...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00596.x
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Small cells dominate photosynthetic biomass and primary production in many marine ecosystems. Traditionally, picoplankton refers to cells < or =2 microm. Here we extend the size range of the organisms considered to 3 microm, a threshold often used operationally in field studies. While the prokaryotic component of pico...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00121.x
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Gram-positive bacteria have developed elaborate mechanisms to control ammonium assimilation, at the levels of both transcription and enzyme activity. In this review, the common and specific mechanisms of nitrogen assimilation and regulation in Gram-positive bacteria are summarized and compared for the genera Bacillus,...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00216.x
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Protists include all eukaryotes except plants, fungi and animals. They are an essential, yet often forgotten, component of the soil microbiome. Method developments have now furthered our understanding of the real taxonomic and functional diversity of soil protists. They occupy key roles in microbial foodwebs as consum...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuy006
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The urogenital tract appears to be the only niche of the human body that shows clear differences in microbiota between men and women. The female reproductive tract has special features in terms of immunological organization, an epithelial barrier, microbiota, and influence by sex hormones such as estrogen. While the u...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1574-6976.12029
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A close symbiotic relationship exists between the intestinal microbiota and its host. A critical component of gut homeostasis is the presence of a mucus layer covering the gastrointestinal tract. Mucus is a viscoelastic gel at the interface between the luminal content and the host tissue that provides a habitat to the...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuz013
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Expression cloning is a relatively new method for fast and efficient cloning of enzyme genes from fungi that are known to make complex enzyme mixtures. In contrast to traditional cloning methods that are usually dependent on knowledge of at least a partial amino acid sequence in order to synthesize appropriate DNA pro...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.1997.tb00343.x
更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been a favorite organism for pioneering studies on nutrient-sensing and signaling mechanisms. Many specific nutrient responses have been elucidated in great detail. This has led to important new concepts and insight into nutrient-controlled cellular regulation. Major highlights i...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1574-6976.12065
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human enteric pathogenic viruses can enter the environment through discharge of waste materials from infected persons, and be transmitted back to susceptible persons to continue the cycle of disease. Contamination of food with viruses may also promote disease outbreaks. A number of studies have investigated the surviv...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.femsre.2004.02.001
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interest in the expanding catalog of uncultivated microorganisms, increasing recognition of heterogeneity among seemingly similar cells, and technological advances in whole-genome amplification and single-cell manipulation are driving considerable progress in single-cell genomics. Here, the spectrum of applications fo...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/1574-6976.12015
更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The accurate synthesis of proteins, dictated by the corresponding nucleotide sequence encoded in mRNA, is essential for cell growth and survival. Central to this process are the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs), which provide amino acid substrates for the growing polypeptide chain in the form of aminoacyl-tRNAs. The...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2008.00119.x
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Targeted manipulation of the gut flora is increasingly being recognized as a means to improve human health. Yet, the temporal dynamics and intra- and interindividual heterogeneity of the microbiome represent experimental limitations, especially in human cross-sectional studies. Therefore, rodent models represent an in...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1093/femsre/fuv036
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lipopeptides constitute a structurally diverse group of metabolites produced by various bacterial and fungal genera. In the past decades, research on lipopeptides has been fueled by their antimicrobial, antitumour, immunosuppressant and surfactant activities. However, the natural functions of lipopeptides in the lifes...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00221.x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Purine salvage is an essential function for all obligate parasitic protozoa studied to date and most are also capable of efficient uptake of preformed pyrimidines. Much progress has been made in the identification and characterisation of protozoan purine and pyrimidine transporters. While the genes encoding protozoan ...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.femsre.2005.03.004
更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arsenic compounds have been abundant at near toxic levels in the environment since the origin of life. In response, microbes have evolved mechanisms for arsenic resistance and enzymes that oxidize As(III) to As(V) or reduce As(V) to As(III). Formation and degradation of organoarsenicals, for example methylarsenic comp...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2002.tb00617.x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Thioredoxin is a small (Mr 12,000) ubiquitous redox protein with the conserved active site structure: -Trp-Cys-Gly-Pro-Cys-. The oxidized form (Trx-S2) contains a disulfide bridge which is reduced by NADPH and thioredoxin reductase; the reduced form [Trx(SH)2] is a powerful protein disulfide oxidoreductase. Thioredoxi...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6968.1988.tb02747.x
更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative rod-shaped gammaproteobacterium that is found throughout various environments. Members of the species P. putida show a diverse spectrum of metabolic activities, which is indicative of their adaptation to various niches, which includes the ability to live in soils and sediments con...
journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1574-6976.2010.00249.x
更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00
