Common patterns - unique features: nitrogen metabolism and regulation in Gram-positive bacteria.

abstract：:What a living organism looks like and how it works and what are its components-all this is encoded on DNA, the genetic blueprint. Consequently, the way to change an organism is to change its genetic information. Since the first pieces of recombinant DNA have been used to transform cells in the 1970s, this approach has...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Schindler D,Waldminghaus T

更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacillus thuringiensis is a well-known biopesticide that has been used for more than 80 years. This spore-forming bacterium belongs to the group of Bacillus cereus that also includes, among others, emetic and diarrheic pathotypes of B. cereus, the animal pathogen Bacillus anthracis and the psychrotolerant Bacillus wei...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Gillis A,Fayad N,Makart L,Bolotin A,Sorokin A,Kallassy M,Mahillon J

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The microsporidia are a diverse phylum of obligate intracellular parasites related to the fungi that cause significant and sometimes life-threatening disease in immune-compromised hosts, such as AIDS and organ transplant patients. More recently, their role in causing pathology in immune-competent populations has also ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Ghosh K,Weiss LM

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:First insights on the human gut microbiome have been gained from medium-sized, cross-sectional studies. However, given the modest portion of explained variance of currently identified covariates and the small effect size of gut microbiota modulation strategies, upscaling seems essential for further discovery and chara...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Vandeputte D,Tito RY,Vanleeuwen R,Falony G,Raes J

更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small cells dominate photosynthetic biomass and primary production in many marine ecosystems. Traditionally, picoplankton refers to cells < or =2 microm. Here we extend the size range of the organisms considered to 3 microm, a threshold often used operationally in field studies. While the prokaryotic component of pico...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Vaulot D,Eikrem W,Viprey M,Moreau H

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sequencing-based studies have illuminated increased transcriptional complexity within the genome structure of bacteria and have resulted in the identification of many small regulatory RNAs (sRNA) and a large amount of antisense transcription. It remains an open question whether these sRNAs all indeed play regulatory r...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Oliva G,Sahr T,Buchrieser C

更新日期：2015-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:General principles of membrane function have been elucidated by the study of lactic acid bacteria. In this review, the operation and function of ion pumps, secondary transport systems and solute ATPases will be discussed. Despite their differences in kinetics and mechanisms between the transport systems, structural si...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Maloney PC

更新日期：1990-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Legionella pneumophila is naturally found in fresh water were the bacteria parasitize within protozoa. It also survives planctonically in water or biofilms. Upon aerosol formation via man-made water systems, L. pneumophila can enter the human lung and cause a severe form of pneumonia, called Legionnaires' disease. The...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Steinert M,Hentschel U,Hacker J

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metals are required cofactors for numerous fundamental processes that are essential to both pathogen and host. They are coordinated in enzymes responsible for DNA replication and transcription, relief from oxidative stress, and cellular respiration. However, excess transition metals can be toxic due to their ability t...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Becker KW,Skaar EP

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cyanobacteria of the genera Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus dominate the prokaryotic component of the picophytoplankton in the oceans. It is still less than 10 years since the discovery of phages that infect marine Synechococcus and the beginning of the characterisation of these phages and assessment of their ecolog...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Mann NH

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Five species of parasite cause malaria in humans with the most severe disease caused by Plasmodium falciparum. Many of the proteins encoded in the P. falciparum genome are unusually enriched in repetitive low-complexity sequences containing a limited repertoire of amino acids. These repetitive sequences expand and con...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Davies HM,Nofal SD,McLaughlin EJ,Osborne AR

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small regulatory RNAs have been identified in a wide range of organisms, where they modify mRNA stability, translation or protein function. Small RNA regulators (sRNAs) either pair with mRNA targets or modify protein activities. Here we discuss current knowledge of the various proteins that interact with RNA regulator...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pichon C,Felden B

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Human enteric pathogenic viruses can enter the environment through discharge of waste materials from infected persons, and be transmitted back to susceptible persons to continue the cycle of disease. Contamination of food with viruses may also promote disease outbreaks. A number of studies have investigated the surviv...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Rzezutka A,Cook N

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance is one of the few examples of evolution that can be addressed experimentally. The present review analyses this resistance, focusing on the networks that regulate its acquisition and its effect on bacterial physiology. It is widely accepted that antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes play fun...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Martinez JL,Fajardo A,Garmendia L,Hernandez A,Linares JF,Martínez-Solano L,Sánchez MB

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the present review, we aim to provide a general introduction to different facets of the arms race between pathogens and their hosts/environment, emphasizing its evolutionary aspects. We focus on vector-borne parasitic protozoa, which have to adapt to both invertebrate and vertebrate hosts. Using Leishmania, Trypano...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Caljon G,De Muylder G,Durnez L,Jennes W,Vanaerschot M,Dujardin JC

更新日期：2016-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria of the genus Brucella are Gram-negative pathogens of several animal species that cause a zoonotic disease in humans known as brucellosis or Malta fever. Within their hosts, brucellae reside within different cell types where they establish a replicative niche and remain protected from the immune response. The ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： von Bargen K,Gorvel JP,Salcedo SP

更新日期：2012-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The herbivore rumen ecosystem constitutes an extremely efficient degradation machinery for the intricate chemical structure of fiber biomass, thus, enabling the hosting animal to digest its feed. The challenging task of deconstructing and metabolizing fiber is performed by microorganisms inhabiting the rumen. Since mo...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Moraïs S,Mizrahi I

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The gram-negative bacterium Proteus mirabilis can exist in either of two cell types, a vegetative cell characterized as a short rod and a highly elongated and hyperflagellated swarmer cell. This differentiation is triggered by growth on solid surfaces and multiple inputs are sensed by the cell to initiate the differen...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Morgenstein RM,Szostek B,Rather PN

更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A number of peptidases and proteases have been identified in Escherichia coli. Although their specific physiological roles are often not known, some of them have been shown to be involved in: the maturation of nascent polypeptide chains; the maturation of protein precursors; the signal peptide processing of exported p...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Lazdunski AM

更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surfaces are critical for diverse functions across all domains of life, from cell-cell communication and nutrient uptake to cell stability and surface attachment. While certain aspects of the mechanisms supporting the biosynthesis of the archaeal cell surface are unique, likely due to important differences in cel...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Pohlschroder M,Pfeiffer F,Schulze S,Abdul Halim MF

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dengue is the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, caused by dengue virus, a member of the Flaviviridae family. Its worldwide incidence is now a major health problem, with 2.5 billion people living in risk areas. In this review, we integrate the structural rearrangements of each viral protein and their functi...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Cruz-Oliveira C,Freire JM,Conceição TM,Higa LM,Castanho MA,Da Poian AT

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Substituted aromatic compounds are environmental contaminants associated with the production and use of dyes, explosives, pesticides and pharmaceuticals. In this article, we examine the potential of anaerobic granular sludge from anaerobic treatment systems towards the detoxification, transformation, and mineralizat...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Razo-Flores E,Donlon B,Lettinga G,Field JA

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dysfunction of phagocytes is a relevant risk factor for staphylococcal infection. The most common hereditary phagocyte dysfunction is chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), characterized by impaired generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to loss of function mutations within the phagocyte NADPH oxidase NOX2. Pha...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Buvelot H,Posfay-Barbe KM,Linder P,Schrenzel J,Krause KH

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Since the 1960s, several new attempts have been made to improve the management of single prokaryotic cells using micromanipulator techniques. In order to facilitate the isolation of pure cultures we have recently developed an improved micromanipulation method for routine work. With the aid of this method single prokar...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Fröhlich J,König H

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Our knowledge regarding the nature and development of microbial biofilms has grown significantly since the first report of these communities by Antonie van Leeuwenhoek in the late 1600s. Nevertheless, most biofilm studies examine mono-species cultures, whereas nearly all biofilm communities in nature comprise a variet...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Elias S,Banin E

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Magnetotactic bacteria (MB) are remarkable organisms with the ability to exploit the earth's magnetic field for navigational purposes. To do this, they build specialized compartments called magnetosomes that consist of a lipid membrane and a crystalline magnetic mineral. These organisms have the potential to serve as ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Komeili A

更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nickel is an essential nutrient for selected microorganisms where it participates in a variety of cellular processes. Many microbes are capable of sensing cellular nickel ion concentrations and taking up this nutrient via nickel-specific permeases or ATP-binding cassette-type transport systems. The metal ion is specif...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Mulrooney SB,Hausinger RP

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria possess a repertoire of versatile protein kinases modulating diverse aspects of their physiology by phosphorylating proteins on various amino acids including histidine, cysteine, aspartic acid, arginine, serine, threonine and tyrosine. One class of membrane serine/threonine protein kinases possesses a catalyt...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Manuse S,Fleurie A,Zucchini L,Lesterlin C,Grangeasse C

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper, it is suggested that specificity and non-specificity in (oral) microbial adhesion are different expressions for the same phenomena. It is argued that the same basic, physicochemical forces are responsible for so-called 'non-specific' and 'specific' binding and that from a physico-chemical point of view ...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Busscher HJ,Cowan MM,van der Mei HC

更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The peroxisomal membrane compartmentalizes specific metabolic functions in the intermediary metabolism of various aerobic eukarya. In yeast, peroxisomal membranes are typified by their small width (+/- 7-8 nm) and absence of large integral membrane proteins in freeze-etch replicas. They show a unique polypeptide profi...

journal_title：FEMS microbiology reviews

authors： Sulter GJ,Harder W,Veenhuis M

更新日期：1993-08-01 00:00:00